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Comparing accuracy of cochlear measurements on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography:A step towards radiation-free cochlear implantation

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Journal of Otology 2023年第4期18卷 208-213页

作者： Anurita Swarup Vinusree Karakkandy Preetam Chappity Suprava Naik Sanjay Kumar Behera Pradipta Kumar Parida Mohnish Grover Gaurav Gupta prajna paramita giri Saurav Sarkar Pradeep Pradhan Dillip Kumar Samal Aswathi Kallyadan Veetil Asutosh Adhikari Saurav Nayak Department of ENT and HNS All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS)BhubaneswarOdishaIndia Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS)BhubaneswarOdishaIndia Department of Community and Family Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS)BhubaneswarOdishaIndia Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS)BhubaneswarOdishaIndia Department of ENT Sawai Man Singh Medical CollegeJaipurRajasthanIndia Department of ENT Sardar Patel Medical CollegeBikanerRajasthanIndia

Objective:Computed Tomography(CT)and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)are commonly employed in pre-operative evaluation for cochlear implant ***,with a decrease in the age of implantation,even minor radiation exposure can cause detrimental effects on children over their *** current study compares different cochlear measurements from CT and MRI scans and evaluates the feasibility of using only an MRI scan for radiological evaluation before cochlear ***:A longitudinal observational study was conducted on 94 ears/47 children,employing CT and MRI *** CT and MRI scan measurements include,A value,B value,Cochlear duct length(CDL),twoturn cochlear length,alpha and beta angles to look for cochlear *** nerve diameter was measured using *** values were ***:The mean difference between measurements from CT and MRI scans for A value,B value,CDL,and two-turn cochlear length values was 0.567±0.413 mm,0.406±0.368 mm,2.365±1.675 mm,and 2.063±1.477 mm respectively without any significant *** alpha and beta angle measures were comparable,with no statistically significant ***:The study suggests that MRI scans can be the only radiological investigation needed with no radiation risk and reduces the cost of cochlear implant program in the paediatric *** is no significant difference between the measurements obtained from CT and MRI ***,observed discrepancies in cochlear measurements across different populations require regionally or race-specific standardized values to ensure accurate diagnosis and precision in cochlear implant *** aspect must be addressed to ensure positive outcomes for patients.

关键词： Cochlear implant Hearing loss Cochlea anatomy Radiology

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Advances in grain-boundary diffusion for high-performance permanent magnets

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Materials Futures 2024年第4期3卷 41-70页

作者： prajna paramita Mohapatra Guomeng Li Perumal Alagarsamy Xiandong Xu College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039India

High-performance permanent magnets play an indispensable role in manufacturing highly efficient motors and generators,ultimately contributing to the sustainability of our *** high coercivity(µ0Hc)in hard magnetic materials at or above room temperature without relying on heavy rare-earth elements remains a *** strategies for augmentingµ0Hc utilizing low-cost materials involve inter-granular addition and the grain-boundary diffusion(GBD)*** review provides a comprehensive overview of selected techniques for developing grain-boundary(GB)modification through a specific focus on the reduction of using heavy rare earth(HRE)elements and utilizing cost-effective non-rare earth and light rare earth(LRE)sources for *** date,the successful application of HRE based metals and compounds,and LRE based alloys as diffusion sources has significantly contributed toµ0Hc *** upon global advancements and findings from various research groups,this comprehensive review offers a critical analysis of the fundamentals and progress in GBD processes(GBDPs).Considering the different types of permanent magnets,the GBDPs,based on the diverse diffusion sources and diffusion processes,are thoroughly compared and *** encapsulates the current state of knowledge in the field,providing valuable insights into the ongoing developments in GB modification to improve permanent magnet performance.

关键词： rare earth metal grain-boundary diffusion processes NdFeB magnets coercivity

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Prevalence and outcome of sarcopenia in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2024年第1期15卷 44-54页

作者： Suprabhat giri prajna Anirvan Sumaswi Angadi Ankita Singh Anurag Lavekar Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kalinga Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751024OdishaIndia Department of Gastroenterology Kalinga Gastroenterology FoundationCuttack753001OdishaIndia Department of Gastroenterology Nizam’s Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 500082TelanganaIndia Department of Gastroenterology Seth GS Medical College and KEM HospitalMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology Sagar HospitalBengaluru 560041KarnatakaIndia

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a spectrum of conditions,progressing from mild steatosis to advanced ***,characterized by decreased muscle strength and mass,shares common pathophysiological traits with *** association exists between sarcopenia and increased NAFLD ***,data on the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD and its impact on the outcomes of NAFLD remain *** To analyze the prevalence and outcomes of sarcopenia in patients with *** We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant studies in MEDLINE,Embase,and Scopus from their inception to June *** included studies that focused on patients with NAFLD,reported the prevalence of sarcopenia as the primary outcome,and examined secondary outcomes,such as liver fibrosis and other adverse *** also used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality *** Of the 29 studies included,the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD varied widely(1.6%to 63.0%),with 20 studies reporting a prevalence of more than 10.0%.Substantial heterogeneity was noted in the measurement modalities for *** was associated with a higher risk of advanced fibrosis(odd ratio:1.97,95%confidence interval:1.44-2.70).Increased odds were consistently observed in fibrosis assessment through biopsy,NAFLD fibrosis score/body mass index,aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio,diabetes(BARD)score,and transient elastography,whereas the fibrosis-4 score showed no such *** in NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of steatohepatitis,insulin resistance,cardiovascular risks,and *** This systematic review highlights the critical need for standardized diagnostic criteria and measurement methods for sarcopenia in NAFLD *** variability in study designs and assessment methods for sarcopenia and liver fibrosis may account for the inconsistent *** review demonstrates the multidimension

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Sarcopenia Hepatic fibrosis Low muscle mass Hand grip strength Bioelectric impedance analysis Dual X-ray absorptiometry

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