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Analysis of reputation-based mining paradigm under dishonest mining attacks

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第2期3卷 75-89页

作者： pouya Pourtahmasbi Mehrdad Nojoumian Florida Atlantic University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science777 Glades RoadBoca RatonFL33431USA

Since the introduction of Bitcoin,numerous studies on Bitcoin mining attacks have been conducted,and as a result,many countermeasures to these attacks have been *** reputation-based mining paradigm is a comprehensive countermeasure solution to this problem with the goal of regulating the mining process and preventing mining *** is accomplished by incentivizing miners to avoid dishonest mining strategies using reward and punishment *** model was validated solely based on game theoretical analyses,and the real-world implications of this model are not known due to the lack of empirical *** shed light on this issue,we designed a simulated mining platform to examine the effectiveness of the reputation-based mining paradigm through data *** implemented block withholding attacks in our simulation and ran the following three scenarios:Reputation mode,non-reputation mode,and no attack *** comparing the results from these three scenarios,interestingly,we found that the reputation-based mining paradigm decreases the number of block withholding attacks,and as a result,the actual revenue of individual miners becomes closer to their theoretical expected *** addition,we observed that the confidence interval test can effectively detect block withholding attacks;however,the test also results in a small number of false positive *** the effectiveness of the reputation-based model relies on attack detection,further research is needed to investigate the effect of this model on other dishonest mining strategies.

关键词： Blockchain Cryptocurrency Mining attacks Block withholding attack Trust models Reputation systems

CAR T cells redirected against tumor-specific antigen glycoforms: can low-sugar antigens guarantee a sweet success?

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Frontiers of Medicine 2022年第3期16卷 322-338页

作者： Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani pouya Safarzadeh Kozani Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranP.O.Box 14115/111Iran Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of ParamedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtP.O.Box 44771/66595Iran Research and Development Center of Biotechnology Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehranP.O.Box 14115/111Iran

Immune-based therapies have experienced a pronounced breakthrough in the past decades as they acquired multiple US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approvals for various *** date,six chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T)therapies have been permitted for the treatment of certain patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic ***,several clinical trials of solid tumor CAR-T therapies were prematurely terminated,or they reported life-threatening treatment-related damages to healthy *** simultaneous expression of target antigens by healthy organs and tumor cells is partly responsible for such *** targeting tumor-specific antigens,targeting the aberrantly glycosylated glycoforms of tumor-associated antigens can also minimize the off-tumor effects of CAR-T ***,T,and sialyl-Tn antigens have been reported to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis,and their expression results from the dysregulation of a series of glycosyltransferases and the endoplasmic reticulum protein chaperone,***,these glycoforms have been associated with various types of cancers,including prostate,breast,colon,gastric,and lung ***,we discuss how underglycosylated antigens emerge and then detail the latest advances in the development of CAR-T-based immunotherapies that target some of such antigens.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy chimeric antigen receptor solid tumors tumor-associated antigen glycosylation O-glycans adoptive cell therapy

Dynamic characteristics of a switch and crossing on the West Coast main line in the UK

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Railway Engineering Science 2022年第2期30卷 183-203页

作者： Jou-Yi Shih Paul Weston Mani entezami Clive Roberts Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK ZynaMic Engineering AB 12070 StockholmSweden

Railway switches and crossings constitute a small fraction of linear track length but consume a large proportion of the railway track system maintenance *** switch and crossing(S&C)faults rarely prevent trains from running,switches and crossings are the source of many faults and need continual *** the rare occasions when trains are prevented from running the cost of the disruption is very *** monitoring of the point operating equipment that moves the switchblades has been in use for many years but condition monitoring of the state of the switch in terms of the support and mechanical damage as trains pass over has only recently started to become *** this end,it is important to understand the correlation between S&C faults and sensor data that can detect those *** paper assesses some of the data collected from multiple sensors variously positioned on and around a switch and crossing on the UK mainline for a few days of normal train ***,geophones,and strain gauges were installed at the locations where they were anticipated to be most *** at the load transfer point on the crossing nose were estimated from two separate strain gauge bridges and possible use of acceleration on the crossing is *** between different data are analysed and assessed and correlation between peak estimated load transfer forces and accelerations is *** on the analysis,conclusions are drawn about the different types of dynamic information around S&Cs that can be obtained from a variety of sensor types.

关键词： Railway Accelerometer Condition monitoring Impact force Switch and crossing Strain gauge

Operando electrochemical SERS monitors nanoparticle reactions by capping agent fingerprints

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4517-4524页

作者： Kevin Wonner Steffen Murke Serena RAlfarano pouya Hosseini Martina Havenith Kristina Tschulik Chair of Analytical Chemistry Ⅱ Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochum 44801Germany Chair of Physical Chemistry Ⅱ Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochum 44801Germany

Nanomaterials are frequently employed in daily life goods,including health,textile,and food industry.A comprehensive picture is lacking on the role of the capping agents,added ligand molecules,in case of nanoparticle reactions and degradation in aqueous solutions,like surface waters or ***,we aim to elucidate the capping agent influence on nanoparticle reactivity probing two commonly employed capping agents citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP).Their influence on silver nanoparticle(AgNP)transformation is studied,which is particularly important due to its application as an antimicrobial *** induce oxidation and reduction processes of AgNPs in halide solutions and we monitor the associated transformations of particles and capping agents by spectro-electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS).Raman bands of the capping agents are used here to track chemical changes of the nanoparticles under operando *** sparingly soluble and non-plasmon active silver salts(AgBr and AgCl)are formed under potential *** addition,we spectroscopically observe plasmon-mediated structural changes of citrate to cis-or trans-aconitate,while PVP is *** different behavior of the capping agents implies a change in the physical properties on the surface of AgNPs,in particular with respect to the surface ***,we showcase that reactions of the capping agents induced by different external stimuli,such as applied bias or laser irradiation,can be *** results demonstrate how SERS of capping agents can be exploited to operando track nanoparticle conversions in liquid *** approach is envisaged to provide a more comprehensive understanding of nanoparticle fates in complex liquid environments and varied redox conditions.

关键词： capping agent electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy silver nanoparticle nanoparticle reaction

Numerical investigation of grooves effects on the thermal performance of helically grooved shell and coil tube heat exchanger

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第4期35卷 424-434页

作者： Mehdi Miansari Mehdi Rajabtabar Darvishi Davood Toghraie pouya Barnoon Mojtaba Shirzad As'ad Alizadeh Department of Mechanical Engineering Qaemshahr BranchIslamic Azad UniversityQaemshahrIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Khomeinishahr BranchIslamic Azad UniversityKhomeinishahrIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical EngineeringBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyBabolIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Urmia UniversityUrmiaIran Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of ZakhoZakhoIraq

Heat exchangers are integral parts of important industrial units such as petrochemicals,medicine and power *** to the importance of systems energy consumption,different modifications have been applied on heat exchangers in terms of size and *** this study,a novel heat exchanger with helically grooved annulus shell and helically coiled tube was investigated by numerical *** grooves with the same pitch of the helical coil tube and different depth are created on the inner and outer wall of annulus shell to improve the thermal performance of heat *** the first section,thermal performance of the shell and coil heat exchanger with the helical grooves on its outer shell wall was compared with same but without helical *** the second section,helically grooves created on both outer and inner wall of the annulus shell with different groove *** results showed that the heat exchanger with grooves on both inner and outer shell wall has better thermal performance up to 20%compared to the heat exchanger with grooves on only outer shell *** highest thermal performance achieves at lower flow rates and higher groove depths whereas the pressure drop did not increase significantly.

关键词： Numerical simulation Heat transfer Turbulent flow Shell and coil Helically grooved shell Heat exchanger

A new two-axis solar tracker based on the online optimization method:Experimental investigation and neural network modeling

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Energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 341-359页

作者： Amir pouya Masoumi Vahid Bagherian Ali Reza Tavakolpour-Saleh Elham Masoomi Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Shiraz University of TechnologyShirazIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Shiraz UniversityShirazIran Department of Computer Engineering Qazvin BranchIslamic Azad UniversityQazvinIran

This article presents a new two-axis solar tracker based on an online optimization algorithm so as to track the position of the sun without using its movement *** this research,four well-known optimization algorithms are employed to find the two unknown parameters named azimuth and zenith angles,which determine the position of the *** magnitude of the sunray is considered as the cost function of all ***,several experiments are carried out to find the best optimization algorithm with optimal population size,number of iterations,and also the best initialization *** initialization leads to faster convergence compared to random *** results clearly show that the particle swarm optimization algorithm with a population size of 15 and 7 iterations using uniform initialization method has better performance than the other algorithms,with a convergence time of less than 40 *** average fitness value or voltage received by the tracker is 2.4 Volts in this method,which is higher than other *** also performs well with a population size of 15 and 7 ***,the artificial neural network with one hidden layer and 20 neurons is employed to predict these two parameters in each day and moment in a year in Shiraz city according to the experimental data extracted from *** of the day from January and the time are inputs and zenith and azimuth angles are considered the output of neural network *** performance of the proposed ANN model is evaluated using regression plots,demonstrating a strong correlation between predicted and target ***,the outcomes reveal the feasibility of using online optimization algorithms and neural network modeling in an effort to bypass the complex mathematical model of mechatronic systems and predict the movement of the sun automatically.

关键词： Intelligent two-axis solar tracker Optimization algorithm Particle swarm optimization algorithm Online optimization method Artificial neural network

Green Drug Supply Chain Investigation by Time-Market Balance and Risk

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第3期13卷 611-631页

作者： Mahmoudreza entezami Hossein Havaeji Computer Science and Software Engineering Department Concordia University Montreal Canada Mechanical Engineering Department école de Technologie Supérieure Montreal Canada

The quality of pharmaceutical products plays a crucial role in healthcare systems such as hospitals for better patient services. Drug Supply Chain Management requires approaches to uncertainty and risk consideration. This study is a comprehensive multi-objective mathematical model considering the uncertainties and potential reserves in supply and medicine. The proposed model includes three general objective functions that minimize total production costs, including the costs of transportation, maintenance, breakdown, collection, and disposal of waste. The model also maximizes the quality of potential storage. The results show the proposed method has a high quality to solve the model and leads to the optimization of the results to provide the drug supply chain for the proposed example. We have identified three important risks and uncertainties in addressing drug supply planning: the indefinite duration of the licensing process, the risk of a forced brand change, and indefinite repayment levels that lead to varied demand diversification. The results of comparison with other multi-objective optimization methods in existing articles also show better performance of the proposed model. A significant cost reduction results from implementing our model instead of using the over-storage role to estimate the volume of active drug elements, as seen in today’s industry.

关键词： Market Supply Planning New Product Introduction Two-Stage Variable Planning Regulation Affairs

EFFECT OF POLYANILINE AS A SURFACE MODIFIER OF TiO_2 NANO-PARTICLES ON THE PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE/TiO_2 NANOCOMPOSITES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第3期31卷 481-494页

作者： Ali Olad Sepideh Behboudi Ali Akbar entezami Polymer Composite Research Laboratory Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Polymer Research Laboratory Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz

Surface of TiO2 nanoparticles was modified with the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. Polyaniline modified TiO2 nanoparticles （PANI-TiO2） were characterized with the FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. Results confirmed that PANI was grafted successfully on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles, therefore agglomeration of nanoparticles decreased dramatically. Polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites filled with 1 wt%-5 wt% of PANI-TiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via the solution blending method. PVC nanocomposites were analyzed with FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG/DTA, DSC and tensile test techniques. Effect of PANI as surface modifier of nanoparticles was discussed according to the final properties of PVC nanocomposites. Results demonstrated that deposition of PANI on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles improved the interfacial adhesion between the constituents of nanocomposites, which resulted in better dispersion of nanoparticles in the PVC matrix. Also PVC/PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites showed higher thennal resistance, tensile strength and Young＇s modulus compared to those of unfilled PVC and PVC/TiO2 nanocomposites.

关键词： Polymer nanocomposite Polyvinyl chloride Polyaniline TiO2 nano-additive Surface modification.

Multimodal treatment in oligometastatic gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第2期14卷 434-449页

作者： Mickael Chevallay Charles-Henri Wassmer pouya Iranmanesh Minoa K Jung Stefan P Mönig Division of Digestive Surgery Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of MedicineGeneva 1205GenèveSwitzerland

Gastric cancer is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage,especially in countries without screening ***,the metastatic stage was synonymous with palliative management,and surgical indications were only for symptomatic ***,this therapeutic option is associated with poor prognosis.A subgroup of patients with limited metastatic disease could benefit from intensive treatment.A combination of chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy could help either maintain a resectable state for oligometastatic disease or diminish the metastasis size to obtain a complete resection *** latter strategy is known as conversion therapy and has growing evidence with favorable *** approach of metastatic disease could prolong survival in selected *** challenge for the surgeon and oncologist is to identify these specific patients to offer the best multimodal *** review in this article the actual evidence for the treatment of oligometastatic gastric cancer with curative intent.

关键词： Gastric cancer Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Multimodal treatment Oligometastatis Immunotherapy