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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-Núñez maría Fernanda González Ana maría Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

A Comprehensive Review on Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Microbial Fuel Cells

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Journal of Renewable materials 2022年第3期10卷 665-697页

作者： pooja Dange Nishit Savla Soumya Pandit rambabu Bobba Sokhee P.Jung Piyush Kumar gupta Mohit Sahni ram Prasad Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity UniversityMumbai410206India Department of Life Sciences School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater Noida201306India Department of Physics Southern University and A&M CollegeBaton Rouge70813USA Department of Environment and Energy Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea Department of Physics School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater Noida201306India Department of Botany Mahatma Gandhi Central UniversityBihar845401India

The focus of microbial fuel cell research in recent years has been on the development of materials,microbes,and transfer of charges in the system,resulting in a substantial improvement in current density and improved power *** cathode is generally recognized as the limiting factor due to its high-distance proton transfer,slow oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),and expensive *** heterogeneous reaction determines power gen-eration in *** comprehensive review describes-recent advancements in the development of cathode mate-rials and catalysts associated with *** recent studies indicated the utilization of different metal oxides,the ferrite-based catalyst to overcome this *** studies conclude that some cathode materials,in parti-cular,graphene-based conductive polymer composites with non-precious metal catalysts provide substantial ben-efits for sustainable development in the field of ***,it also highlights the potentiality to replace the conventional platinum air cathode for the large-scale production of the next generation of *** was evi-dent from the experiments that cathode catalyst needs to be blended with conductive carbon materials to make cathode conductive and efficient for *** review discusses various antifouling strategies for cathode biofoul-ing and its effect on the MFC ***,it also depicts cost estimations of various catalysts essential for further scale-up of MFC technology.

关键词： Cathode catalyst microbial fuel cell(MFC) nanomaterials oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) biofouling biocathode

Efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant recipients:A systematic review of clinical trials

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 156-164页

作者： Carlos M Ardila Pradeep K Yadalam Jaime ramírez-Arbelaez Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Dentistry Biomedical Stomatology Research GroupUniversidad de Antioquia U de AMedellín 0057Colombia Department of Postdoctoral Program CIFE University CenterCuernavaca 62330MorelosMexico Department of Periodontics Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and HealthSIMATSSaveetha UniversityChennai 600077Tamil NaduIndia Department of Transplantation Hospital San Vicente FundaciónRionegro 054047Colombia

BACKGROUND In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ *** To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant *** A systematic review was conducted using a search methodology consistent with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and *** review included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents(prophylactic or therapeutic)aimed at preventing antimicrobial *** search strategy involved analyzing multiple databases,including PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and SciELO,as well as examining gray literature sources on Google Scholar.A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted from the databases’inception until may 2024,with no language *** After the final phase of the eligibility assessment,this systematic review ultimate-ly included 7 articles.A total of 2318 patients were *** most studied microorganisms were cytomegalovirus,although vancomycinresistant enterococci,Clostridioides difficile,and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were also *** antimicrobials used in the interventions were mainly maribavir,valganciclovir,gancic-lovir,and *** concern,all clinical trials showed significant proportions of resistant microorga-nisms after the interventions,with no statistically significant differences between the groups(mean resistance 13.47%vs 14.39%),except for two studies that demonstrated greater efficacy of maribavir and valganciclovir(mean resistance 22.2%vs 41.1%in the control group;P<0.05).The total reported deaths in three clinical trials were 75,and there were 24 graft rejections in two *** All clinical trials reported significant proportions of antimicrobial-resistant microor

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobials Antivirals Solid organ transplant recipients Infections Microorganisms Cytomegalovirus

Lie group analysis, numerical and non-traveling wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional diffusion–advection equation with variable coefficients

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第3期23卷 71-76页

作者： Vikas Kumar R.K.gupta ram Jiwari Department of mathematics D.A.V.College Pundari School of mathematics and Computer Applications Thapar University

In this paper, the variable-coefficient diffusion-advection （DA） equation, which arises in modeling various physical phenomena, is studied by the Lie symmetry approach. The similarity reductions are derived by determining the complete sets of point symmetries of this equation, and then exact and numerical solutions are reported for the reduced second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Further, an extended （Gl/G）-expansion method is applied to the DA equation to construct some new non-traveling wave solutions.

关键词： diffusion-advection equation Lie group analysis numerical solutions extended (G'/G)-expansion method

Comparative study of travelling-wave and numerical solutions for the coupled short pulse (CSP) equation

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第5期22卷 60-66页

作者： Vikas Kumar R. K. gupta ram Jiwari School of mathematics and Computer Applications Thapar University

The Lie symmetry analysis is performed for the coupled short plus （CSP） equation. We derive the infinitesimals that admit the classical symmetry group. Five types arise depending on the nature of the Lie symmetry generator. In all types, we find reductions in terms of system of ordinary differential equations, and exact solutions of the CSP equation are derived, which are compared with numerical solutions using the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme.

关键词： coupled short pulse (CSP) equation Lie symmetric analysis Runge-Kutta scheme exact solutions

Painlev Analysis,Lie Symmetries and Exact Solutions for Variable Coefficients Benjamin-Bona-mahony-Burger (BBMB) Equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2013年第8期60卷 175-182页

作者： Vikas Kumar R.K.gupta ram Jiwari School of mathematics and Computer Applications Thapar UniversityPatiala147004PunjabIndia

In this paper, a variable-coefficient Benjarnin-Bona-mahony-Burger （BBMB） equation arising as a math- ematical model of propagation of small-amplitude long waves in nonlinear dispersive media is investigated. The inte- grability of such an equation is studied with Painlevd analysis. The Lie symmetry method is performed for the BBMB equation and then similarity reductions and exact solutions are obtained based on the optimal system method. Further- more different types of solitary, periodic and kink waves can be seen with the change of variable coefficients.

关键词： BBMB equation Painleve analysis Lie symmetric analysis exact solutions

Preparation of thalidomide nano-flakes by supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer

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Particuology 2012年第1期10卷 17-23页

作者： HeyangJin Melinda Hemingway ram B. gupta Fei Xia Yaping Zhao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ShanghaiJiaotong University Shanghai China Department of Chemical Engineering Auburn University Auburn AL USA

Thalidomide treats multiple myeloma and protracts life-span of patient, but its bioavailability is limited as it is poorly water soluble. Thalidomide nano-flakes are produced to improve the drug dissolution rate. Two nanoflake production methods are utilized for a comparative study： a supercritical antisolvent （SAS） method and a supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer （SAS-EM）. SAS-EM utilizes ultrasonication to improve dispersion upon injection within the supercritical carbon dioxide. Comparative study of SAS and SAS-EM thalidomide confirmed that the application of ultrasonication improved the micro/nano particles produced by SAS. The effects of ultrasound power on the formation of thalidomide particles are examined. The particle size and morphology were characterized by SEM. The thalidomide nano-flakes produced by SAS-EM were smaller than the particles produced by SAS. Dissolution rates of the produced particles, evaluated by HPLC, demonstrated an increase in the thalidomide dissolution rate for the SAS-EM produced particles, The polymorphs and crystallinity of thalidomide particles （flakes） were observed by FTIR and XRD. In this research, the supercritical processing significantly modified the crystal formation of thalidomide from an original state of a β-polymorph to the amorphous state α-polymorph after suoercritical orocessing.

关键词： Supercritical Anti-solventUltrasound Thalidomide Nano-flakes Polymorph

Beneficiation of coal using supercritical water and carbon dioxide extraction:sulfur removal

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第4期8卷 717-726页

作者： matthew J.DeCuir ram B.gupta Bhima Sastri Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23284-3068USA Office of Fossil Energy U.S.Department of Energy19901 Germantown RoadGermantownMD 20874-1290USA

This work explores the use of carbon dioxide,water,and their mixtures as solvent for the precombustion beneficiation of raw coal without using any toxic mineral acids in the temperature range of 200-400℃.The fluid polarity,ionic constant,and supercritical point can be adjusted by H_(2)O/CO_(2)ratio and *** carbon dioxide to hydrothermal fluid also increases the ionization by forming carbonic *** with supercritical fluids have several benefits including enhanced mass transport,ease of separation and recycle,wide range of extractive capability and tunability,better inherent safety,and in the case of carbon dioxide and water-low cost.A semi-continuous extraction system was designed and built in which pressure,temperature and the relative flow rates of CO_(2)and H_(2)O can be *** powder is kept in a packed bed and the extraction is carried out at 143 bar *** sulfur as a model heteroatom,extractive efficiency is examined as a function of the temperature,fluid composition,fluid flow,and extraction *** results indicate that carbon dioxide,water,and supercritical water-carbon dioxide(ScWC)all can effectively extract about 50%of total sulfur from bituminous coal in 1 *** above 350℃decreased effectiveness,and extraction above the supercritical point of pure water caused hydrothermal *** extraction may provide necessary control to prevent organic dissolution while removing sulfur.

关键词： Coal Supercritical Sulfur Beneficiation Cleaning Extraction

Refractory hypocalcemia precipitated by dual infection with typhoid fever and hepatitis A in a patient with congenital hypoparathyroidism

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第8期5卷 667-668页

作者： Suman S Karanth ram Bhat Anurag gupta Kasturba Medical College ManipalManipal UniversityKarnatakaIndia

We present this rare occurrence of a 17 yr old boy,a known case of congenital hypoparathyroidism, who presented with fever and jaundice for 8 days and 2 episodes of generalised tonic-clonic *** patient was on regular oral calcium supplementations with normal serum calcium *** revealed severe hypocalcaemia(3.2 mg/dL),low 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and *** marked elevation of serum bilirubin was accompanied by derangement of liver *** investigations were confirmatory for both hepatitis A and typhoid *** spite of the aggressive management with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion,refractory hypocalcaemia persisted with recovery only after gradual decline in the bilirubin *** inferred that the cholestatic process produced by both acute viral hepatitis A and typhoid fever precipitated this state of refractory hypocalcaemia in the previously well preserved patient.

关键词： Refractory hypocalcemia Typhoid fever Hepatitis A