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Can ChatGPT be used to generate scientific hypotheses?

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第3期10卷 578-584页

作者： Yang Jeong Park Daniel Kaplan Zhichu Ren Chia-Wei hsu Changhao Li Haowei Xu Sipei Li Ju Li Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA Institute of New Media and Communications Seoul National University1 Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeoul08826Republic of Korea Department of Condensed Matter Physics Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot7610001Israel Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA Global Technology Applied Research JPMorgan Chase237 Park AveNew YorkNY10017USA

We investigate whether large language models can perform the creative hypothesis generation that human researchers regularly *** the error rate is high,generative AI seems to be able to effectively structure vast amounts of scientific knowledge and provide interesting and testable *** future scientific enterprise may include synergistic efforts with a swarm of“hypothesis machines”,challenged by automated experimentation and adversarial peer reviews.

关键词： large language models scientific hypothesis generation generative AI GPT-4

Mirrorless MEMS imaging:a nonlinear vibrational approach utilizing aerosol-jetted PZT-actuated fiber MEMS scanner for microscale illumination

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 175-192页

作者： Wei-Chih Wang Ming-Yao Li Kuan-Chang Peng Yi-Feng hsu Benjamin Estroff Pao-Yun Yen David Schipf Wen-Jong Wu Department of power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua UniversityNo.101Section 2Kuang-Fu RoadHsinchuTaiwan 30013China Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems National Tsing Hua UniversityNo.101Section 2Kuang-Fu RoadHsinchuTaiwan 30013China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering National Taiwan UniversityTaiwanChina

This study introduces a novel image capture and lighting techniques using a cutting-edge hybrid MEMS scanner system designed for compact microscopic *** scanner comprises a tapered optical fiber waveguide and innovative aerosol-jet printed PZT(lead zirconate titanate)bimorph push-pull actuators on a stainless-steel substrate,effectively addressing issues that are commonly associated with PZT on silicon substrates such as fracture and layer *** leveraging nonlinear vibration,the scanner achieves a spiral scan pattern from a single signal input,in addition to the expected two-dimensional scanning and target illumination from two phase-shifted *** capability is further enhanced by a novel process to taper the optical fiber,which reduces illumination scattering and tunes the fiber to the resonant frequencies of the *** precisely tapered tip enables large fields of view while maintaining independent 2-axis scanning through one-degree-of-freedom *** validation showcases the successful generation of a spiral scan pattern with a 60μm diameter scan area and a 10 Hz frame rate,effectively reconstructing scanned images of 5μm lines,cross patterns(15μm in length with a 5μm gap),and structures of a Psychodidae wing.

关键词： steel fiber scanner

Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Silicon Production Technologies with Reduced Carbon Emission

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 209-236页

作者： Feng Tian Zhongya Pang Shen Hu Xueqiang Zhang Fei Wang Wei Nie Xuewen Xia Guangshi Li Hsien-Yi hsu Qian Xu Xingli Zou Li Ji Xionggang Lu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel&Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University99#Shangda RoadShanghai 200444China Center for Hydrogen Metallurgy Technology Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of MicroelectronicsFudan University220#Handan RoadShanghai 200433China School of Energy and Environment Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina

Sustainable and low-carbon-emission silicon production is currently one of the main focuses for the metallurgical and materials science ***,considered a promising strategy,has been explored to produce silicon due to prominent advantages:(a)high electricity utilization efficiency;(b)low-cost silica as a raw material;and(c)tunable morphologies and structures,including films,nanowires,and *** review begins with a summary of early research on the extraction of silicon by *** has been placed on the electro-deoxidation and dissolution–electrodeposition of silica in chloride molten salts since the 21st century,including the basic reaction mechanisms,the fabrication of photoactive Si films for solar cells,the design and production of nanoSi and various silicon components for energy conversion,as well as storage ***,the feasibility of silicon electrodeposition in room-temperature ionic liquids and its unique opportunities are *** this basis,the challenges and future research directions for silicon electrochemical production strategies are proposed and discussed,which are essential to achieve large-scale sustainable production of silicon by electrochemistry.

关键词： directions electrodeposition electricity

Radiotherapy for hyoid bone metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第1期15卷 159-164页

作者： Jonathan hsu Kambridge Hribar Joseph poen Medical School California University of Science and MedicineColtonCA 92324United States Department of Otolaryngology ENT Consultants of MarinGreenbraeCA 94904United States Radiation Oncology Marin Cancer CareGreenbraeCA 94904United States

BACKGROUND Metastasis to the hyoid bone is an exceptionally rare occurrence,with documented cases limited to breast,liver,colon,skin,lung,and prostate *** report highlights an unusual case involving the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma to the hyoid bone,accompanied by a distinctive *** documentation involved surgical resection of the hyoid *** present a case displaying the benefits of palliative *** SUMMARY A 72-year-old non-smoking,non-alcoholic woman,initially under investigation for a year-long elevation in absolute lymphocyte count,presented with a monthlong history of intermittent throat *** negative findings in gastroenterological and otolaryngologic examinations,a contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography scan revealed a mediastinal mass and questionable soft tissue thickening in her left anterolateral *** imaging and biopsies confirmed the presence of lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to the hyoid *** patient was treated with platinum-based chemo-immunotherapy along with ***,the lung cancer was *** patient opted for palliative radiation therapy instead of surgical resection to address her throat *** a result,her throat pain was alleviated,and it also incidentally resolved her chronic *** is the second documented case of lung adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the hyoid *** Palliative radiotherapy may add to the quality of life in symptomatic patients with cancer metastatic to the hyoid bone.

关键词： Metastasis Radiotherapy Adenocarcinoma Hyoid Throat Headache Case report

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半金属氢氧化物材料用于电化学水氧化

Science China Materials 2024年第5期67卷 1551-1558页

作者：王静 Mohammed-Ibrahim Jamesh 高强韩波孙睿敏 Hsien-Yi hsu 周成冈蔡钊 Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Energy and Environment Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong999077China

寻找具有高本征活性的水氧化催化剂材料对许多清洁能源技术的发展至关重要.氢氧化物半导体对析氧反应具有一定的电催化活性.然而,该材料导电性较差,限制着其电催化本征活性的提升.本文提出一种兼具高导电性和高催化活性的半金属氢氧化... 详细信息

寻找具有高本征活性的水氧化催化剂材料对许多清洁能源技术的发展至关重要.氢氧化物半导体对析氧反应具有一定的电催化活性.然而,该材料导电性较差,限制着其电催化本征活性的提升.本文提出一种兼具高导电性和高催化活性的半金属氢氧化物析氧电催化材料.通过阳离子掺杂和阴离子空位协同作用,镍铁水滑石半导体可转化为半金属材料,其电阻率降低了两个数量级.相应半金属氢氧化物阵列电极的电催化活性显著提升,在10 mA cm^(-2)电流密度下其析氧过电势仅为195 mV,Tafel斜率仅为40.9 mV dec^(-1),显著优于商用RuO_(2)催化剂(316 mV,99.6 mV dec^(-1)).原位拉曼光谱和理论计算结果表明,半金属氢氧化物可在较低过电位下转化为羟基氧化物中间体,有助于高价态金属活性位点的形成与稳定,从而提升材料的析氧本征活性.本研究表明,兼具优异导电性和催化活性的半金属氢氧化物可作为先进的电极材料.

关键词： electrocatalyst hydroxide semi-metal electric conductivity intrinsic activity

Beyond the Rex: an innovative meso-intrahepatic portal vein bypass for late-onset extrahepatic portal vein occlusion after living donor liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 662-668页

作者： Chee-Chien Yong hsu-Ting Yen Yu-Fan Cheng Leona Bettina Dungca Raymond Joseph De Vera Itsuko Chih-Yi Chen Chao-Long Chen Department of Surgery Liver Transplantation CenterKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Liver Transplantation CenterKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung Department of Diagnostic Radiology Liver Transplantation CenterKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung

The Meso-Rex bypass(MRB)is recognized as an effective treatment for portal hypertension secondary to extrahepatic portal vein occlusion(EHPVO)both in the pediatric and adult population,within or outside the context of liver *** is the preferred surgical treatment in most centers because not only does it addresses the portal hypertension,but also restores physiologic portal hepatopetal ***,the Rex recess,the landmark for this technique,may not be safely accessible in some *** present a 22-year-old male who underwent living donor liver transplant(LDLT)for neonatal *** presented with variceal bleeding due to EHPVO at 13 years after *** endoscopic,radiologic,and surgical interventions were employed to address the recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding,but results have been *** performed a meso-intrahepatic portal vein bypass(MIPVB),an innovative alternative to the MRB,for this patient with extensive post-operative adhesions,perihilar collaterals,and cavernous *** creation in patients where the Rex recess is inaccessible is technically *** with a multidisciplinary team approach,meticulous preoperative planning,and close follow-up,the authors have demonstrated that it is a safe and feasible option for patients with late-onset EHPVO after liver transplantation.

关键词： Meso-Rex bypass(MRB) portal vein occlusion liver transplantation(LT)

Concurrent occurrence of adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the prostate gland:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第26期12卷 5952-5959页

作者： Jhe Yuan hsu Yi Sheng Lin Li Hua Huang Tang Yi Tsao Chao Yu hsu Yen Chuan Ou Min Che Tung Division of Urology Department of SurgeryTungs'Taichung MetroHarbor HospitalTaichung 435403Taiwan Department of Pathology Tungs'Taichung MetroHarbor HospitalTaichung 435403Taiwan

BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of prostate *** urothelial carcinoma(UC)typically originates from the prostatic *** concurrent occurrence of adenocarcinoma and UC of the prostate gland is *** SUMMARY We present the case of an 82-year-old male patient with simultaneous adenocarcinoma and UC of the prostate *** patient underwent a transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy,and the pathology test revealed ***,transurethral laser prostatectomy was performed,and the pathology test indicated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a Gleason score of 3+4 and highgrade ***,the patient was treated with androgen deprivation therapy,systemic chemotherapy,and *** resonance imaging performed during follow-up revealed a prostate tumor classified as cT2cN1M0,stage ***,the patient underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node *** final pathology test of the prostate gland revealed acinar-type adenocarcinoma,Gleason pattern 4+3,pT2N0M0,and high-grade *** patient regularly presented to the clinic for postoperative follow-up *** did not experience any urinary *** According to our literature review,this is the first reported case of coexisting adenocarcinoma and UC of the prostate gland.

关键词： Adenocarcinoma Urothelial carcinoma Prostate Coexist Case report

Effect of nocturia in patients with different severity of obstructive sleep apnea on polysomnography: A retrospective observational study

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 486-496页

作者： Chin-Heng Lu Hung-Min Chang Kuang-Hsi Chang Yen-Chuan Ou Chao-Yu hsu Min-Che Tung Frank Cheau-Feng Lin Stella Chin-Shaw Tsai Division of Urology Department of SurgeryTungs’Taichung Metroharbor HospitalTaichungTaiwanChina Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina College of Life Sciences Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Otolaryngology Tungs’Taichung Metroharbor HospitalTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Medical Research Tungs’Taichung Metroharbor HospitalTaichungTaiwanChina General Education Center Jen-Teh Junior College of MedicineNursing and ManagementMiaoliTaiwanChina Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Department of post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of MedicineChung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Nursing Jen-Teh Junior College of MedicineNursing and ManagementMiaoliTaiwanChina Department of Surgery Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina College of Medicine Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina

Patients with suspected OSA were examined using *** were divided into two groups based on the presence of *** was defined as a patient who needed to void at least *** index(AHI)was employed to classify patients according to degrees of severity:AHI<5 events/h,5 events/hAHI<15 events/h,15 events/hAHI<30 events/h,and AHI30 events/h,defined as normal,mild OSA,moderate OSA,and severe OSA,*** variables,PSG parameters,International Prostate Symptom Scores(IPSSs),and quality of life scores due to urinary symptoms were ***:In total 140 patients,114 patients had OSA(48 had mild OSA;34 had moderate OSA;and 32 had severe OSA)and 107 patients had *** total IPSS was significantly higher in nocturia patients in all groups except the group of severe OSA *** the increasing severity of OSA,more correlated factors related to nocturia were *** mild OSA patients,nocturia related to increased age(p=0.025),minimum arterial blood oxygenation saturation(p=0.046),and decreased AHI of non-rapid eye movement(p=0.047),AHI of total sleep time(p=0.010),and desaturation index(p=0.012).In moderate OSA patients,nocturia related to increased age(p<0.001),awake time(p=0.025),stage 1 sleep(p=0.033),and sleep latency(p=0.033),and decreased height(p=0.044),weight(p=0.025),and sleep efficiency(p=0.003).In severe OSA patients,nocturia related to increased weight(p=0.011),body mass index(p=0.009),awake time(p=0.008),stage 1 sleep(p=0.040),arousal number(p=0.030),arousal index(p=0.013),periodic limb movement number(p=0.013),and periodic limb movement index(p=0.004),and decreased baseline arterial blood oxygenation saturation(p=0.046).Conclusion:Our study revealed that there were more correlated factors related to nocturia with increasing severity of *** study helps in clinical education and treatment for OSA patients with different severity.

关键词： Nocturia Obstructive sleep apnea polysomnography Apneaehypopnea index International Prostate Symptom Score

Low-temperature selective synthesis of metastableα-MoC with electrochemical properties:Electrochemical co-reduction of CO_(2)and MoO_(3)in molten salts

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第1期35卷 310-315页

作者： Longtao Zhu Yinan Zhao Wenhao Yang Hsien-Yi hsu Ping Peng Fang-Fang Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Energy and Environment&Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Metastable molybdenum carbide(α-MoC),as a catalyst and an excellent support for metal catalysts,has been widely used in thermo/electro-catalytic ***,the selective synthesis ofα-MoC remains a great ***,a simple one-pot synthetic strategy for the selective preparation of metastableα-MoC is proposed by electrochemical co-reduction of CO_(2)and MoO_(3)in a low-temperature eutectic molten *** synthesizedα-MoC shows a reed flower-like *** controlling the electrolysis time and monitoring the phase and morphology of the obtained products,the growth process ofα-MoC is revealed,where the carbon matrix is deposited first followed by the growth ofα-MoC from the carbon ***,by analyzing the composition of the electrolytic products,the formation mechanism forα-MoC is *** addition,through this one-pot synthetic strategy,S-dopedα-MoC is successfully *** functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that S doping enhanced the HER performance ofα-MoC by facilitating water absorption and dissociation and weakening the bond energy of Mo-H to accelerate H *** present work not only highlights the valuable utilization of CO_(2) but also offers a new perspective on the design and controllable synthesis of metal carbides and their derivatives.

关键词： α-MoC CO_(2)electroreduction Molten salt Sulfur doping Hydrogen evolution reaction