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Intradermal administration of formalin to the cheek induces itch as well as pain behaviors in rats

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上海交通大学学报（医学版） 2018年第10期38卷 1167-1173页

作者：钱佳红 gao po 戎伟芳 Department of Anatomy and Physiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai 200025China

Objective · Formalin is a classic and most widely used algogenic substance, but its itchy effect is not clear. The present study aims to explore the hypothesis that formalin may induce itch as well as pain. Methods · Flinching, as well as licking and forelimb wiping of the site of injection were counted as pain responses, whereas biting and hind paw scratching of the cheek were counted as itchy responses. To discriminate formalin-induced sensations in rats, the irritant(saline as control) was injected, and then pain and itchy responses were *** · Intraplantar injection of formalin elicited biphasic behavior responses characterized as flinching, as well as biting or licking of the hind paw without significant gender differences. Following intradermal administration of formalin to the cheek, rats exhibited episodic forelimb wiping of the cheek, representative of pain. No gender difference was noticed for this type of behavior. In addition, episodes of hind paw scratches of the cheek, representative of pruritoceptive responses, also occurred. Interestingly, hind paw scratches appeared to be more pronounced in male than in female rats. Conclusion · Intradermal administration of formalin elicits pruritoceptive as well as nociceptive responses in rats.

关键词： formalin cheek model itch pain

建构史诗:中国革命史的意识形态化和艺术化——“样板戏”现实革命题材之路的多重意义阐释

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戏剧（中央戏剧学院学报） 2009年第1期131卷 38-47页

作者：高波厦门大学中文系

"样板戏"中现实革命题材的意义蕴含与意识形态立场和眼光的契合,使得二者相得益彰地促成了中国革命史的意识形态化;现实革命题材赋予"样板戏"新故事、新主题、新情调及新艺术形态,使意识形态化的中国革命史进一步艺术化。"样板戏"的现... 详细信息

"样板戏"中现实革命题材的意义蕴含与意识形态立场和眼光的契合,使得二者相得益彰地促成了中国革命史的意识形态化;现实革命题材赋予"样板戏"新故事、新主题、新情调及新艺术形态,使意识形态化的中国革命史进一步艺术化。"样板戏"的现实革命题材之路,完成了中国革命史的意识形态化和艺术化,展现了建构中国革命"史诗"的意图,既解决了"戏改"几十年来一直困扰着人们的历史难题,也为艺术地宣传建构意识形态,昭示了一条途径或一个秘密。

关键词： “样板戏” 现实革命题材意识形态建构史诗

GPER-expressing neurons in the RVM play a major role in descending regulation of itch

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GPER-expressing neurons in the RVM play a major role in desc...

Estrogen caused a calcium rise via activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in SH-SY5Y cells

2019中国生理学会学术年会暨张锡钧基金第十五届全国青年优秀生理学学术论文交流会及第十三届全国青年生理学工作者学术会议

作者：高婷 Jiahong Qian Xiaowei Ding po gao Guohua Zhang Weifang Rong Department of Anatomy and Physiology College of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Itch is an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that triggers a strong urge to *** significant breakthroughs in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of itch at the spinal and peripheral levels,little is known about the role of the supraspinal descending system in itch ***, we report that a neuronal population which specifically express the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor(GPER) in the rostral ventromedial medulla(RVM), an essential part of the descending pain modulation system, were significantly activated in itch *** found that itch-evoked scratching behavior was impaired after activating GPER+ neurons in the RVM, while ablating or suppressing these neurons increased itch-induced scratching ***, GPER-deficient mice and rats exhibited hypersensitivity to mechanical and chemical itch, a phenotype reversible by μ type opioid receptor(MOR)***, significant MOR phosphory lation in the RVM was detected in chronic itch models in wild-type but not in GPER-/-*** results indicate that RVM GPER+ neurons might exert an "anti-pruritus" function through regulating opioid signaling pathways.

关键词： itch G protein-coupled estrogen receptor μtype opioid receptor rostral ventromedial medulla

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Estrogen caused a calcium rise via activation of the G prote...

中国生理学会第24届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者： Xiaowei Ding po gao Li Dong Qian Li Guohua Zhang Weifang Rong Department of Physiology Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine

The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1(GPER1,also known as GPR30),is a Gs or Gi/o coupled GPCR and has been reported to bind 17β-estradiol(E2)to mediate the non-genomic estrogenic ***1 has been detected in several brain regions,including the hypothalamus,the brainstem and the spinal ***,the signaling mechanisms of this receptor in neuronal cells are yet to be *** present study was aimed to test the hypothesis that activation of GPER1 might induce a change in intracellular calcium level in SH-SY5Y cells,a human neuroblastoma cell *** presence of GPER1 was confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence ***,the receptor appeared to be enriched on the Golgi apparatus,rather than the plasma *** then performed calcium imaging and tested the effects of E2 and G-1,a synthetic GPER1 *** E2and G-1 evoked rapid(within seconds)and robust calcium rises in concentration-dependent manners(0.01μM for E2 and 0.1μM for G-1).The effects were blocked by the GPER1 antagonist G-15(3μM).In the absence of extracellular calcium,both E2 and G-1 only gave rise to minimal calcium ***,Cd Cl2(200μM),a non-selective inhibitor of the voltage-gated calcium channels,failed to block the increase of intracellular calcium induced by E2 or *** contrast,thapsigargin(10μM),which supposedly caused store depletion,prevented the calcium response to E2 and *** IP3R inhibitor,2-APB(100μM),also partially blocked the effects of E2 or *** results demonstrate that activation of GPER1 may induce a rapid calcium rise that appears to be dependent on both calcium entry and calcium *** channels mediating the calcium influx remain to be *** rise of intracellular calcium following activation of GPER1 may underlie some of the rapid effects of estrogen in the central nervous system.

关键词： Estrogen G protein-coupled estrogen receptor intracellular calcium SH-SY5Y cells

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条件推理的语义关系表达形式效应

心理学报 2010年第12期42卷 1137-1147页

作者：王墨耘高坡陕西师范大学心理学院西安710062

作者用以大学生为被试的实验考察,基本条件句语义关系表达形式(充分关系、必要关系和析取关系表达形式)和作为心理模型外显建构的可能性判断任务对条件推理的可能影响。实验结果发现,条件推理的语义关系表达形式效应显著,条件句语义关... 详细信息

作者用以大学生为被试的实验考察,基本条件句语义关系表达形式(充分关系、必要关系和析取关系表达形式)和作为心理模型外显建构的可能性判断任务对条件推理的可能影响。实验结果发现,条件推理的语义关系表达形式效应显著,条件句语义关系表达形式对被试条件推理有显著的影响,条件推理成绩随条件句语义关系表达的外显程度增加而增加;被试在可能性判断任务中对条件句所含心理模型的外显建构并没有明显改善条件推理的成绩;在有可能性判断任务条件下,被试外显心理模型建构的成绩变化模式并不能一致地预测条件推理成绩的变化模式。这些结果说明,人们的条件推理可能并不是完全基于心理模型建构,而是还受对条件句前后件之间语义关系理解的影响;条件句表达形式中语义关系的外显内隐模式影响对条件句语义关系的知觉理解难易,从而影响相应条件推理的成绩。

关键词：条件推理语义关系充分必要析取心理模型

Local Synthesis of Estrogen in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla is Involved in the Regulation of Visceral Pain

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中国生理学会消化与营养专业委员会成立大会暨第一届学术会议

作者： po gao Li Dong Biying Sun Qian Li Guohua Zhang 戎伟芳 Department of Physiology Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 上海交通大学医学院生理学教研室上海交通大学医学科学研究院上海交通大学医学院虹桥国际医学研究院

Objective Estrogen may play an important role in visceral pain sensation since chronic visceral pain conditions arc more common in females than in ***(estrogen synthase)the enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of androgens into estrogens is a member of the P450 superfamily of cytochrome enzymes and a product of the CYP19 *** is well established that the conversion of androgens to estrogens within the central nervous system(CNS)is an essential means by which estrogen regulates many physiological and behavioral processes such as sexual differentiation of the *** rostral ventromedial medulla(RVM)is an essential part of the endogenous pain modulation pathway which project to the spinal cord to facilitate or inhibit nociceptive transmission in the dorsal *** present study was aimed to test the hypothesis that locally synthesized estrogen in RVM may be involved in modulation of visceral pain via activating the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor ***:Immunohistochemical analysis Western blot analysis and behavioral testing of visceral ***:(1)Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis confirmed the presence of aromatase in ***-expression of aromatase and GPR30 within RVM was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay.(2)The pseudoaffective behavior(abdominal constriction)in response to colorectal distension was enhanced with concomitant increase in phosphorylation of theμ-type opioid receptor(MOR)and decrease in total MOR in RVM in the cyclophosphamide(CPM)-induced chronic cystitis rat model as compared to the control rats indicative of colorectal hyperalgesia.(3)The colorectal hyperalgesia was attenuated by chronic application of the GPR30 antagonist G15 into cerebellomedullary cistern as was the phosphorylation of MOR in RVM of CPM-treated rats.(4)Similarly chronic intracisternal application of the aromatase inhibitors(fadrozole and letrozole)could also attenuate the colorectal hyperalgesia and the phosphorylation of MOR

关键词： Estrogen Visceral pain Aromatase Rostral ventromedial medulla GPR30 μ-type opioid receptors

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近距离收发同轴激光测距精度研究

红外与激光工程 2014年第3期43卷 915-919页

作者：高坡胡以华赵楠翔王勇脉冲功率激光技术国家重点实验室(电子工程学院) 安徽合肥230037 电子制约技术安徽省重点实验室安徽合肥230037

脉冲激光测距精度是影响二维激光扫描成像质量的重要因素,研究近距离条件下收发同轴系统中的脉冲激光测距技术对提高二维激光扫描成像质量具有重要意义。通过仿真计算分析了脉冲激光测距的精度与回波能量的关系,提出了二维激光扫描成像... 详细信息

脉冲激光测距精度是影响二维激光扫描成像质量的重要因素,研究近距离条件下收发同轴系统中的脉冲激光测距技术对提高二维激光扫描成像质量具有重要意义。通过仿真计算分析了脉冲激光测距的精度与回波能量的关系,提出了二维激光扫描成像光学系统的基本设计方案。在室内距离下,提出了在收发同轴光学系统中,到达探测器的激光回波能量相对于距离的非线性关系,计算并得到了激光回波能量相对于距离的非线性关系曲线。最后,基于实测数据对激光回波能量与距离的非线性关系进行实验验证,分析该非线性关系对激光测距精度的影响。论文的研究对设计、完善近距离条件下激光测距光学系统具有重要价值。

关键词：二维激光扫描成像脉冲激光测距收发同轴光学系统激光回波

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脊髓趋化因子受体2介导大鼠骨癌痛维持的机制研究

中国生理学会内分泌代谢、比较生理与应激生理学术会议

作者： Ping Luo Meimei Wu po gao Ting gao Li Dong Xiaowei Ding Youqiang Meng Jiahong Qian Guohua Zhang Weifang Rong Hongqiao International Institute of Medical Research Tongren Hospital and Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases Ningxia Medical University

Numerous studies have demonstrated that estrogens may exert multifaceted effects on the cardiovascular system via activating the classical nuclear receptors ERa or ER|3 and the novel G protein coupled estrogen receptor(Gper).However,previous studies have reported inconsistent cardiovascular phenotypes in Gper-deficient *** current study was aimed to reveal the effects of genetic deletion of Gper on the arterial blood pressure(ABP) and heart rate(HR) in ***-deficient Sprague-Dawley rats were generated utilizing the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing *** of10-week old male(n=6) and 12-week old female(n=6) Gper-/-rats and age-matched wild type(WT)rats(6 female and 6 male) were measured through the non-invasive tail-cuff method daily for 8(females) or 9 days(males).In the male WT rats,ABP and heart rate were slightly higher in day 1 to 5 than in day 6 to 8,indicative of stress-related sympathoexcitation in the first few days and gradual adaptation to the restrained stress in later ***-deficient rats had significantly higher ABP initially(male:day 1 to day 5;female:day 1 to day 3) and similar ABP in later days of measurement compared with the WT *** heart rate of male Gper-deficient rats was consistently higher than the male WT rats from day 1 to day *** male and female Gper-deficient rats appeared to show slower body weight gain than the WT counterparts during the study *** anesthesia,ABP of Gper-deficient rats was not significantly different from their WT *** results indicate that Gper-deficient rats may be more sensitive to stress-induced sympathoexcitation and highlight the importance of Gper in the regulation of the cardiovascular function in stressful conditions.

关键词： ABP Stress-related arterial hypertension in Gper-deficient rats

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上海交通大学学报（医学版） 2019年第11期39卷 1261-1267页

作者：王丽娅高坡周晔上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院产科上海市胚胎源性疾病重点实验室上海市临床重点专科(建设项目)-“强主体”妇产科上海200030 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院麻醉科上海200127

目的·研究脊髓趋化因子受体2(chemokine C-C motif receptor 2,CCR2)介导大鼠骨癌痛(bone cancer pain,BCP)维持的机制。方法·选取54只SD大鼠为研究对象,将其分为BCP组、假手术组、BCP+INCB3344(CCR2特异性阻断剂)组和BCP+溶剂对照组... 详细信息

目的·研究脊髓趋化因子受体2(chemokine C-C motif receptor 2,CCR2)介导大鼠骨癌痛(bone cancer pain,BCP)维持的机制。方法·选取54只SD大鼠为研究对象,将其分为BCP组、假手术组、BCP+INCB3344(CCR2特异性阻断剂)组和BCP+溶剂对照组。向BCP组大鼠胫骨骨髓腔内注入Walker256乳腺癌细胞,建立骨癌痛模型;假手术组则注射等量的生理盐水。BCP+INCB3344组是在BCP模型建立第14日后,向大鼠鞘内注射INCB3344;BCP+溶剂对照组则注射等量的溶剂。通过检测BCP组大鼠和假手术组大鼠的机械痛阈值来判断鉴定BCP模型是否成功。采用蛋白质印迹检测假手术组和BCP组大鼠脊髓后角CCR2表达情况。通过机械痛行为的测试,观察鞘内给予INCB3344对BCP模型大鼠机械痛阈的影响。通过全细胞膜片钳记录观察BCP组、BCP+INCB3344组和BCP+溶剂对照组大鼠脊髓胶状质层(substantia gelatinosa,SG)神经元自发兴奋性突触后电流(spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents,sEPSCs)、α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异唑丙酸(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionicacid,AMPA)电流和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid,NMDA)电流间的差异。结果·与假手术组相比,术后14 d时BCP组大鼠的机械痛阈下降且术侧脊髓后角CCR2的表达增加(P=0.000,P=0.009),而鞘内注射INCB33444 h时可显著升高BCP大鼠的机械痛阈(P=0.002)。BCP组大鼠SG神经元sEPSCs的频率和幅度、AMPA电流和NMDA电流幅度均高于假手术组(均P=0.000),而鞘内给予INCB3344可显著抑制BCP大鼠的上述指标(均P<0.05);此外,胞外给予INCB3344也可显著抑制BCP大鼠SG神经元sEPSCs的频率(P=0.001)和幅度(P=0.020)。结论·脊髓后角的CCR2可通过增强AMPA和NMDA受体功能来介导BCP大鼠脊髓后角兴奋性突触传递效能的增强,该作用可能是BCP维持的重要机制。

关键词：趋化因子受体2 骨癌痛脊髓自发兴奋性突触后电流胶状质层