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Central body fat distribution indices in Thai preschool children

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2012年第1期2卷 47-52页

作者： Uruwan Yamborisut Naoko Sakamoto piyanuch visetchart Kraisid Tontisirin Human Nutrition Division Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom Thailand National Research Institute for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan Senior Nutrition Consultant Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom Thailand

Background: Central obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of central body fat distribution in Thai preschool children and to examine factors that could influence on body fat distribution of children. Methods: The total 811, 5 - 6 years old children were randomly sampled from 9 primary schools in Saraburi province. Body weight and height were measured in each child. Waist circumference (WC) was measured at the umbilicus level and hip circum-ference (HC) at the level yielding maximum circumference over buttock. Subcutaneous skinfold was measured on biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and abdominal regions. Total body fat (TBF) was measured with bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Results: Mean values of WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of boys were not different from those of girls. Even though trunk skinfolds of both genders were similar, girls tended to have slightly greater biceps, triceps and subscapular skinfolds than boys. Strongly positive correlation was found between WC, WHtR, trunk skinfold and child’s BMI (p = 0.01) as well as between WC, WHtR, trunk skinfold and child’s TBF (p = 0.01). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated, in both genders, that BMI, age and TBF were strongly associated with WC (Adjusted R2 0.92 - 0.93) and WHtR (Adjusted R2 0.90 - 0.92) and that BMI and TBF were strongly associated with trunk skinfold (Adjusted R2 0.88 - 0.89). The association between WHR and TBF for boys and between WHR and BMI for girls were found to be weak in this study. Conclusion: No gender difference in body fat distribution indices was found in Thai preschool children. Change in central body fat distribution of children could be strongly influenced by their changes in age, BMI and TBF.

关键词： Central Body Fat Distribution Thai Preschool Children Waist Circumference Subcutaneous Skinfold

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Portable rainfall simulator for plot-scale investigation of rainfall-runoff,and transport of sediment and pollutants

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第1期34卷 38-47页

作者： Julien Boulange Farag Malhat piyanuch Jaikaew Kazuki Nanko Hirozumi Watanabe Department of International Environmental and Agricultural SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Central Agricultural Pesticide LaboratoryAgriculture Research Center Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and engineeringKasetsart UniversityChalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Provice Campus Department of Disaster Prevention Meteorology and HydrologyForestry and Forest Products Research Institute

A low-cost, simple to use portable rainfall simulator is developed for use over a 5 m2plot. The simulator is easy to transport and assemble in the field, thereby allowing for necessary experimental replicates to be done. It provides rainfall intensities of between 20 and 100 mm/h by changing the number and type of silicon nozzles used. The Christiansen coefficient of uniformities obtained in the field are appropriate and vary from 79 to 94% for rainfall intensities ranging from 30 to 70 mm/h. In addition, the median volumetric drop diameters measured for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mm/h are in the lower range of that of natural rainfall and equal to 1.10 ± 0.08,1.69 ± 0.21, and 1.66 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. The velocities of the raindrops with diameters less than 1.2 mm reached terminal velocities, while raindrops less than 2.0 mm achieved velocities reasonably close to the terminal velocity of natural rainfall. Furthermore,the average time-specific kinetic energy(KET) for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mm/h are 257.7,760.1, and 1645.2 J/m2/h, respectively accounting for about 78.0 and 86.5% of the KET of natural rainfall for50 and 70 mm/h rainfall intensity, respectively. The applicability of the portable rainfall simulator for herbicide transport study is investigated using two herbicides(atrazine and metolachlor); herbicide losses in runoff and sediment samples are in the ranges reported in the literature. As a percentage of the amount of herbicide applied, 5.29% of atrazine and 2.15% of metolachlor are lost due to combined water and sediment runoff. The results show that the portable rainfall simulator can be effectively used in studying processes such as pesticide runoff, infiltration mechanisms, and sediment generation and transport at a field plot scale with an emphasis on how surface characteristics such as slope and soil properties affect these processes.

关键词： Rainfall simulator Rainfall intensity Raindrop energy Raindrop size distribution Rainfall uniformity

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泰国《高等教育发展计划（2012-2016）》研究

泰国《高等教育发展计划（2012-2016）》研究

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作者： piyanuch TAWEEKOTE（朱美虹）西南大学

学位级别：硕士

在当今社会,经济的发展离不开科学技术的发展,科学技术是经济长期发展的根本性动力,而高等教育在科学技术发展中起到关键性的作用。现如今,高等教育在全世界已经成为一种普及化的教育,然而,教育的普及化不一定意味着教育质量会随之有所... 详细信息

在当今社会,经济的发展离不开科学技术的发展,科学技术是经济长期发展的根本性动力,而高等教育在科学技术发展中起到关键性的作用。现如今,高等教育在全世界已经成为一种普及化的教育,然而,教育的普及化不一定意味着教育质量会随之有所保障或者提高,反而可能因为教育群体的扩大而造成教育质量的下降。自20世纪中期以后,世界各国都在寻求提高和完善高等教育发展质量的方法和途径,进入2]世纪以后,这样的问题同样显得尤为重要。在此背景下,高等教育在泰国受到了越来越多的关注与重视,泰国实施《高等教育发展计划(2012-2016)》的主要目的就是为了全面提高高等教育质量,促进高等教育更好地发展。本文运用文献法、深度访谈法、比较分析法,对泰国《高等教育发展计划(2012-2016)》的出台背景、基本内容、主要特色、具体实施保障进行研究,并对《高等教育发展计划(2012-2016)》在乌汶皇家大学中的实施状况进行个案考察,乌汶皇家大学在实施该计划过程中取得的成效和存在的不足。在此基础上,提出了进一步完善《高等教育发展计划(2012-2016)》的意见。研究发现,泰国《高等教育发展计划(2012-2016)》是由政治、经济、文化、社会、教育五个方面背景所催动而产生的,包括核心目标、七大指标、八项议题等内容。其特色之处表现在立足长远,培养国际性人才;结合国情,注重实际;强调道德发展;具备完善的高等教育发展配套政策等。为保障该计划更好地实施,政府成立了相关的职能机构、设置了专门评估机构、投入了专项资金、明确了分阶段的目标等。在乌汶皇家大学在实施该计划过程中,在课程与教学方面、在科学研究与创新方面都取得了进步,但仍存在高等教育结构合理性不足、高校管理模式和教育方法缺乏科学性、中央集权管理过严、教师队伍建设不够健全等问题。因此,为完善《高等教育发展计划(2012-2016)》,需要促进高等教育结构合理化升级;重点引进优秀高校教育模式和教育方法;放宽中央集权管理力度,提高高等教育自主性和自发性;加强教师队伍建设,提高人才培养质量水平等。

关键词：泰国高等教育发展计划(2012—2016) 高等教育

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Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Bacillus Species Exhibiting Strong Proteolytic Activity Isolated from Terasi,An Indonesian Fermented Seafood Product

引用

Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2015年第4期22卷 15-22页

作者： Ekachai Chukeatirote Novi Arfarita piyanuch Niamsup Anittaya Kanghae School of Science Mae Fah Luang University Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya University Faculty of Science Maejo University

In this study, two bacilli strains namely S2-3 and S4-5, isolated from Terasi, a traditional fermented seafood product of Indonesia, were studied in terms of their phenotypic and genotypic properties. Both strains are of great interests due to their high proteolytic activity. Initially, they were subjected to morphological determination and a series of biochemical tests. These bacteria were Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacilli. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the identities of the strains S2-3 and S4-5 were confirmed as Bacillus thuringiensis and B. subtilis, respectively. Additionally, the two strains were also evaluated for their antibiogram profiles. It was found that they were susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline and vancomycin and resistant to ampicillin and intermediately susceptible to bacitracin.

关键词： Bacillus fermented seafood proteolytic activity Terasi

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泰国地区燕窝基原调查及基原快速鉴定方法研究

泰国地区燕窝基原调查及基原快速鉴定方法研究

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作者：罗楠（piyanuch Lonan）广州中医药大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:燕窝(Edible bird’s nest,EBN))为雨燕科(Apodidae)金丝燕属(Aerodramus)多种同属燕类分泌的唾液筑结而成的巢窝。泰国产可食用燕窝有三个物种来源,爪哇金丝燕(Aerodramus fuciphagus),淡腰金丝燕(Aerodramusfuciphagus germani),大金丝燕(Aerodramus maxima)。燕窝多产于印度尼西亚、泰国、越南、马来西亚和新加坡,泰国地区的燕窝产量约占全世界产量的5%,主要分布于泰国中部、东部和南部等地。根据金丝燕生存环境的不同,燕窝又分为洞燕和屋燕。目前,对印尼和马来西亚的燕窝基原研究较多,对泰国地区燕窝基原的研究较少,由于燕窝的基原与燕窝质量等级和价格密切相关,采用现代分子生物学技术鉴定燕窝基原,可作为传统经验鉴别的有效补充。本人为泰国留学生,利用暑假在泰国不同地区收集到30个燕窝标本,其中26个为屋燕,4个为洞燕。本研究采用现代分子生物学技术鉴定泰国不同地区燕窝样品的基原,为泰国地区燕窝的基原研究和资源的分布提供基础数据。方法:1.本研究采用4种不同提取方法(CTAB、SDS、试剂盒、燕窝核酸提取试剂盒)提取燕窝核酸并对其方法进行考察,筛选提取燕窝核酸的最优方法。2.利用燕窝核酸提取试剂盒提取泰国不同地区燕窝样品核酸,PCR扩增,凝胶观察,样品测序和BLAST结果分析;GenBank下载Aerodramus的Cytb基因序列,构建数据库,使用MEGA-X软件对所有燕窝样品的序列构建NJ树,对比分析样品的基原关系。3.采用燕窝核酸提取试剂盒提取泰国不同地区燕窝样品核酸,PCR扩增,凝胶观察,样品测序和BLAST结果分析;GenBank下载Aerodramus的ND2基因序列,构建数据库,使用MEGA-X软件对所有燕窝样品的序列构建NJ树,对比分析样品的基原关系。4.针对已知基原的燕窝样品建立更快速的鉴别方法——ARMS-PCR法。根据Aerodramus fuciphagus和Aerodarmus maximus 的ND2序列设计 4 条不同的 PCR 扩增引物,分别在SNP位点两侧设计2条内引物,在SNP位点上下游不同距离分别设计2条外引物。根据电泳条带大小,能快速鉴别Aerodramus fuciphagus和Aerodarmus maximus燕窝样品。结果:1.通过考察核酸纯度、电泳条带、操作时间三个方面来比较四种提取燕窝核酸方法。结果表明,纯度:燕窝核酸提取试剂盒>CTAB法>SDS法>口腔咽拭子基因DNA提取试剂盒;电泳结果:燕窝核酸提取试剂盒>口腔咽拭子基因DNA提取试剂盒>CTAB法>SDS法;操作时间:口腔咽拭子基因DNA提取试剂盒>燕窝核酸提取试剂盒>CTAB法>SDS法。因此,综合上述结果可得,燕窝核酸提取试剂盒为最优提取方法。2.基于Cytb基因的基原鉴定结果。BLAST检索显示有26个样品是Aerodramus fuciphagus,4个样品是Aerodramus Maximus。NJ进化树显示,26个屋燕样品均为爪哇金丝燕,主要分布在泰国中部、西部、东部和南部;4个洞燕样品均为大金丝燕,主要分布在泰国南部。3.基于ND2基因的基原鉴定结果。BLAST检索显示有26个样品是Aerodramus fuciphagus,4个样品是Aerodramus Maximus。NJ进化树的显示,26个屋燕样品均为爪哇金丝燕,主要分布在泰国中部、西部、东部和南部;4个洞燕样品均为大金丝燕,主要分布在泰国南部。4.特异性扩增引物电泳结果表明,爪哇金丝燕燕窝样品的ARMS-PCR鉴别,经由引物Af/2-693bp-F/R、Af/2-A-249bp-F、Af/2-G-498bp-R 的 PCR 扩增后,琼脂糖凝胶电泳可分别出现693bp、498bp、249bp的条带,而大金丝燕的样品没有条带。大金丝燕燕窝样品的ARMS-PCR鉴别,经由引物Am-ND2-463bp-F/R、Am-ND2-A-317bp-F、Am-ND2-G-201bp-R的PCR扩增后,琼脂糖凝胶电泳可分别出现463bp、317bp、201bp的条带,爪哇金丝燕的样品没有条带。结论:1.通过比较四种提取核酸的方法(CTAB法、SDS法、口腔咽拭子基因DNA提取试剂盒、燕窝核酸提取试剂盒),可得燕窝核酸提取试剂盒为最优提取方法。2.基于Cytb基因构建NJ树,结果显示泰国地区燕窝主要以Aerodramus fuciphagus、Aerodramus Maximus 这两种鸟类为主。3.基于ND2基因构建NJ树,结果显示泰国地区燕窝主要以Aerodramus fuciphagus、Aerodramus Maximus 这两种鸟类为主。4.通过设计用于燕窝基原鉴别的特异性

关键词：泰国产燕窝基原鉴定线粒体基因 Cytb ND2 ARMS-PCR

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