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Cirrhosis in children and adolescents: An overview

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 392-405页

作者： Raquel Borges pinto Ana Claudia Reis Schneider Themis Reverbel da Silveira Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit Hospital da Crianca Conceicao Porto Alegre 91340 480 Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS 90040-060 Brazil.

Several conditions, especially chronic liver diseases, can lead to cirrhosis in children and adolescents. Most cases in clinical practice are caused by similar etiologies. In infants, cirrhosis is most often caused by biliary atresia and genetic-metabolic diseases, while in older children, it tends to result from autoimmune hepatitis,Wilson's disease, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The symptoms of cirrhosis in children and adolescents are similar to those of adults. However, in pediatric patients, the first sign of cirrhosis is often poor weight gain. The complications of pediatric cirrhosis are similar to those observed in adult patients, and include gastrointestinal bleeding caused by gastroesophageal varices, ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In pediatric patients, special attention should be paid to the nutritional alterations caused by cirrhosis, since children and adolescents have higher nutritional requirements for growth and development. Children and adolescents with chronic cholestasis are at risk for several nutritional deficiencies. Malnutrition can have severe consequences for both pre- and post-liver transplant patients. The treatment of cirrhosis-induced portal hypertension in children and adolescents is mostly based on methods developed for adults. The present article will review the diagnostic and differential diagnostic aspects of end-stage liver disease in children, as well as the major treatment options for this condition.

关键词： Cirrhosis Liver diseases Nutrition Pediatric patients Portal hypertension

Impact of age-related comorbidity on results of colorectal cancer surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第45期15卷 5706-5711页

作者： Corrado Pedrazzani Guido Cerullo Giovanni De Marco Daniele Marrelli Alessandro Neri Alfonso De Stefano Enrico pinto Franco Roviello Department of Human Pathology and Oncology Unit of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Siena 53100 SienaItaly

AIM: To analyze the correlation between preexisting comorbidity and other clinicopathological features, short-term surgical outcome and long-term survival in elderly patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: According to age, 403 patients operated on for CRC in our department were divided into group A (< 70 years old) and group B (≥ 70 years old) and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Rectal localization prevailed in group A (31.6% vs 19.7%, P = 0.027), whereas the percentage of R0 resections was 77% in the two groups. Comorbidity rate was 46.2% and 69.1% for group A and B, respectively (P < 0.001), with a huge difference as regards cardiovascular diseases. Overall, postoperative morbidity was 16.9% and 20.8% in group A and B, respectively (P = 0.367), whereas mortality was limited to group B (4.5%, P = 0.001). In both groups, patients who suffered from postoperative complications had a higher overall comorbidity rate, with preexisting cardiovascular diseases prevailing in group B (P = 0.003). Overall 5-year survival rate was significantly betterfor group A (75.2% vs 55%, P = 0.006), whereas no signif icant difference was observed considering disease-specif ic survival (76.3% vs 76.9%, P = 0.674). CONCLUSION: In spite of an increase in postoperative mortality and a lower overall long-term survival for patients aged ≥ 70 years old, it should be considered that, even in the elderly group, a signif icant number of patients is alive 5 years after CRC resection.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Elderly Post-operative complications Co-morbidity Aged

Analysis of behaviour of computational model to evaluate performance of heat pipe containing nanofluids

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Journal of Central South University 2019年第5期26卷 1306-1326页

作者： Rodrigo Vidonscky pinto Flávio Augusto Sanzovo FIORELLI University of Sao Paulo Escola PolitécnicaMechanical Engineering DepartmentAvenida Professor Mello Moraes223105508-030São Paulo(SP)Brazil

Application of nanofluids in heat pipes usually presents satisfactory experimental results regarding a thermal resistance reduction of the heat ***,the existing computational studies connecting heat pipes and nanofluids lack a deeper discussion regarding the validity of the models currently used for representing the behaviour of a nanofluid in a heat pipe,particularly for unusual base fluids and nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes or ethylene ***,this comparative study presents the results of a set of computational simulations using pre-established equations for modelling a nanofluid in a heat pipe with experimental data from the *** results show agreement with the expected behaviour qualitatively and the presented maximum variations between 1.5% and 23.9% in comparison to the experimentally measured average ***,the experimentally obtained temperature distribution of a heat pipe could not be reached numerically only with the use of adequate thermal properties,indicating that the boiling phenomenon is more complex than the current model used for computational ***,the existence of an optimal particle volume fraction for using nanofluids in this application could be observed by combining different properties models.

关键词： heat pipe nanofluid computational analysis particle volume fraction

Urban green spaces accessibility in two European cities:Vilnius(Lithuania)and Coimbra(Portugal)

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第1期3卷 74-84页

作者： Luís Valença pinto Carla Sofia Santos Ferreira Miguel Inácio Paulo Pereira Research Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society(CERNAS)Polytechnic Institute of CoimbraCoimbra Agrarian Technical SchoolCoimbraPortugal Environmental Management Laboratory Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilniusLithuania Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden Navarino Environmental Observatory 24001 MessiniaGreece

Urban green spaces(UGS)are essential for human well-being,contributing towards quality of life and promoting social interactions and *** to recreational UGS is key to human well-being in urban ***,there is a lack of works focused on recreational UGS accessibility in cities from different countries,using different types of *** this work,we studied the accessibility to recreational UGS in Vilnius(Lithuania)and Coimbra(Portugal)through four transport modes(foot,bike,bus and car)within 5-and 10-minute *** results showed important differences between *** had higher accessibility to recreational UGS than Coimbra in all transport *** both cities,the accessibility was highest by car and lowest by ***,the percentage of population covered by 5-and 10-minute distance UGS accessibility in Vilnius is higher than in Coimbra,despite the lower population density in Vilnius.A large number of recreational UGS,their geographic distribution,the dispersed population pattern,and the location of several urbanizations near recreational UGS increased the inhabitant’s accessibility to recreational UGS in *** differences in accessibility between cities were mainly attributed to the large number of recreational UGS and higher road network density,cycleways and footways density,and bus lines in Vilnius,compared to *** work identified the areas where recreational UGS accessibility is difficult in using different transport modes and need to be improved in study *** is essential to support urban planners and increase cities’*** findings of this work will be important for the management of the studied urban areas.

关键词： Recreational UGS Accessibility Transport modes Urban planning Well-being

Deposition of nanoparticles on school eyeglasses in urban and rural areas:A methodology for a more real assessment of the possible impacts

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 498-505页

作者： Kátia Martinello James C.Hower Guilherme L.Dotto Claudete G.Ramos Carlos E.Schnorr Diana pinto Instituto Inanís Rua Felizardo FurtadoPorto AlegreBrazil University of Kentucky Department of Earth&Environmental SciencesLexingtonKY 40506USA University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research2540 Research Park DriveLexingtonKY 40511USA Chemical Engineering Department Federal University of Santa Maria97105-900 Santa MariaBrazil Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia

Because incomplete confirmation is available concerning the influential role of atmosphere contamination on conjunctivitis,myopia,asthma,and allergic rhinitis in Brazil,the focus of the present work is to explore the possible relations among atmosphere contamination and eye *** that a case study on eye diseases,by way of questionnaires supplemented by the investigation of nanoparticles(NPs)on eyeglasses,the study examines the mechanisms in which NPs and ultra-fine particles are deposited on the glasses of children up to 10 years of age in urban and rural *** important connection between atmosphere contaminants and individual protection equipment justifies improving indoor school properties in order could protect children’s eyes,particularly in high-pollution/high-particulate areas.

关键词： Indoor air pollution Nanoparticles Eyes health Allergic reaction Schools

Discussing an Expected Utility and Weighted Entropy Framework

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Natural Science 2014年第7期6卷 545-551页

作者： José pinto Casquilho Post-Graduate and Research Program Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa’e Díli Timor Leste (East Timor)

In this paper, it is discussed a framework combining traditional expected utility and weighted entropy (EU-WE)—also named mean contributive value index—which may be conceived as a decision aiding procedure, or a heuristic device generating compositional scenarios, based on information theory concepts, namely weighted entropy. New proofs concerning the maximum value of the index and the evaluation of optimal proportions are outlined, with emphasis on the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier and its meaning. The rationale is a procedure of maximizing the combined value of a system expressed as a mosaic, denoted by characteristic values of the states and their proportions. Other perspectives of application of this EU-WE framework are suggested.

关键词： Mosaic Composition Expected Utility Weighted Entropy Mean Contributive Value

Social Participation in the Context of the Urban Public Space Renewal： The Case of Lagarteiro Neighborhood in Oporto

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2013年第11期7卷 1445-1457页

作者： Paulo Tormenta pinto Department of Architecture and Urbanism ISCTE-Lisbon University Institute Lisbon 1649-026 Portugal

In 1980, Giancarlo de Carlo wrote in the Perspecta： Yale Journal, ＂An Architecture of the Participation＂. Carlo, proposed a sequence of procedures： the problem definition, the solution and the results evaluation, in all the three steps, the social communities should be integrated in as part of a share and dynamic process. This text corresponds to a new way of understanding the importance of the social communities in the architecture definition. From de Carlo＇s text, the main goal of this paper is to present the results of an intervention in public space renewal of the Lagarteiro neighborhood （in Oporto city） and the relation of this process with the participation of the resident population. The urban context of Lagarteiro＇s neighborhood presented before the intervention the typical and classic signs of disqualification of environmental and urban peripheral areas of resettlement. The term ＂disadvantaged areas＂ is associated with these areas in urban or peri-urban case, was framed in a specific Portuguese policy, called Initiative Critical Neighborhoods. Being a recent intervention, the renewal of the public space in Lagarteiro is a complete case study that allows comprehending the participation phenomenon in nowadays, at the same time that seduces a reflexion about technical and architectural solutions for ＂critical＂ neighborhood.

关键词： Participation architecture public space Lagarteiro.

“Love Is Strong, and You＇re so Sweet”： JAGGER Is Essential for Persistent Synergid Degeneration and Polytubey Block in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2016年第4期9卷 601-614页

作者： Ana Marta Pereira Margarida Sofia Nobre Sara Cristina pinto Ana Lucia Lopes Mario Luis Costa Simona Masiero Silvia Coimbra Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal Plant Functional Genomics Group Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BiolSI) 4169-007 Porto Portugal Dipartimento di BioScienze Universita degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy Present address: Institute of Plant Biology and ZUrich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZUrich Zolikerstrasse 107 8008 Zurich Switzerland

Successful double fertilization and subsequent seed development in flowering plants requires the delivery of two sperm cells, transported by a pollen tube, into the embryo sac of an ovule. The embryo sac cells tightly control synergid cell death, and as a result the polyspermy block. Arabinogalactan proteins are highly glycosylated proteins thought to be involved in several steps of the reproductive process. We show that JAGGER, Arabinogalactan Protein 4, is an important molecule necessary to prevent the growth of multiple pollen tubes into one embryo sac in Arabidopsis thaliana. In jagger, an AGP4 knockout mutant, the pistils show impaired pollen tube blockage as a consequence of the survival of the persistent synergid. JAGGER seems to be involved in the signaling pathway that leads to a blockage of pollen tube attraction. Our results shed light on the mechanism responsible for preventing polyspermy in Arabidopsis and for safe- guarding successful fertilization of all ovules in one pistil, ensuring seed set and the next generation.

关键词： Polytubey persistent synergid arabinogalactan proteins polyspermy

Comparative mitogenome phylogeography of two anteater genera (Tamandua and Myrmecophaga;Myrmecophagidae, Xenarthra): Evidence of discrepant evolutionary traits

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 525-547页

作者： Manuel Ruiz-García Daniel Pinilla-Beltrán Oscar E.Murillo-García Christian Miguel pinto Jorge Brito Joseph Mark Shostell Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología Evolutiva Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáDC 110231Colombia Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad del ValleApartado AéreoCali 25360Colombia Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Politécnica NacionalQuito 17012759Ecuador Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad(INABIO) Quito 170135Ecuador Math Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of Minnesota CrookstonCrookstonMN 56716USA

The species within Xenarthra(sloths,anteaters,and armadillos)are quintessential South American *** the three groups,Vermilingua(anteaters)contains the fewest extant and paleontological ***,we sampled and sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)of two Tamandua species(Tamandua tetradactyla and ***)(n=74)from Central and South America,as well as Myrmecophaga tridactyla(n=41)from South *** Tamandua,we detected three different *** oldest(THI)contained many specimens with the *** morphotype(but also several with the *** morphotype)and originated in southeastern South America(currently Uruguay)before moving towards northern South America,where the THII haplogroup *** primarily contained specimens with the *** morphotype(but also several with the *** morphotype)and was distributed in Central America,Colombia,and *** and THII yielded a genetic distance of 4%.THII originated in either northern South America or“in situ”in Central America with haplogroup THIII,which consisted of~50%*** and 50%*** *** was mostly located in the same areas as THII,i.e.,Central America,Ecuador,and Colombia,though mainly in the *** three haplogroups overlapped in Colombia and ***,*** and *** were not reciprocally *** this reason,we considered that a unique species of Tamandua likely exists,i.e.,*** contrast to Tamandua,*** did not show different morphotypes throughout its geographical range in the ***,two very divergent genetic haplogroups(MHI and MHII),with a genetic distance of~10%,were *** basal haplogroup,MHI,originated in northwestern South America,whereas the more geographically derived haplogroup,MHII,overlapped with MHI,but also expanded into central and southern South ***,Tamandua migrated from south to north whereas Myrmecophaga migrated from

关键词： Anteaters Genetic diversity Mitogenomes Myrmecophaga Neotropics Phylogeography Spatial structure Tamandua