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Carotid stenosis in women:time for a reappraisal

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2016年第4期1卷 192-196页

作者： erika Marulanda-Londono Seemant Chaturvedi Department of Neurology and Stroke Program University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA

The treatment approach for patients with internal carotid artery stenosis is receiving increased *** advances in optimal medical therapy have been associated with a declining stroke rate for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with carotid *** treatment according to gender is worthy of consideration,since earlier clinical trials showed reduced benefit with carotid endarterectomy in women compared to *** this review,clinical trial results in women are summarised,studies pertaining to carotid plaque imaging in men and women are discussed and new clinical trials are ***,the rationale for a women’s carotid trial is provided.

关键词： stenosis clinical treatment

Artificial Intelligence Can Invent But Not Patent—For Now

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Engineering 2020年第11期6卷 1212-1213页

作者： erika K.Carlson Senior Technology Writer

As artificial intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly powerful and prevalent,some engineers have begun using machine learning and AI systems in the process of invention,employing them to help design more efficient electronics,materials with improved characteristics,or even to come up with original ideas for products[1-3].But this use of AI poses a thorny legal question that is currently playing out:How should the concept of intellectual propertydesigned to encourage innovation and protect the rights of human inventors—apply to ideas created by AI?Agencies such as the United Nations'World Intellectual Property Organization are now grappling with this issue[4].

关键词： legal encourage Artificial

Beneficial effects of naringenin in liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第16期24卷 1679-1707页

作者： erika Hernández-Aquino Pablo Muriel Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology Department of Pharmacology

Liver diseases are caused by different etiological agents, mainly alcohol consumption, viruses, drug intoxication or malnutrition. Frequently, liver diseases are initiated by oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to the excessive production of extracellular matrix(ECM), followed by a progression to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). It has been reported that some natural products display hepatoprotective properties. Naringenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, antifibrogenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties that is capable of preventing liver damage caused by different agents. The main protective effects of naringenin in liver diseases are the inhibition of oxidative stress, transforming growth factor(TGF-β) pathway and the prevention of the transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells(HSC), leading to decreased collagen synthesis. Other effects include the inhibition of the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK), toll-like receptor(TLR) and TGF-β non-canonical pathways, the inhibition of which further results in a strong reduction in ECM synthesis and deposition. In addition, naringenin has shown beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) through the regulation of lipid metabolism, modulating the synthesis and oxidation of lipids and cholesterol. Moreover, naringenin protects from HCC, since it inhibits growth factors such as TGF-β and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), inducing apoptosis and regulating MAPK pathways. Naringenin is safe and acts by targeting multiple proteins. However, it possesses low bioavailability and high intestinal metabolism. In this regard, formulations, such as nanoparticles or liposomes, have been developed to improve naringenin bioavailability. We conclude that naringenin should be considered in the future as an important candidate in the treatment of different liver diseases.

关键词： Naringenin transforming growth factor liver fibrosis MAPKs CCl4 flavonoids JNK hepatic stellate cells cirrhosis Smads α-SMA

Import Determinants of Organelle-Specific and Dual Targeting Peptides of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 121-136页

作者： Changrong Ge erika Spanning Elzbieta Glaser Ake Wieslander Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Center for Biomembrane Research Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden Medical Inflammation Research Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institute SE-171 77 Stockholm Sweden

Most of the mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as precursor proteins carrying an N-terminal targeting peptide （TP） directing them specifically to a correct organelle. However, there is a group of proteins that are dually targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts using an ambiguous N-terminal dual targeting peptide （dTP）. Here, we have investigated pattern properties of import determinants of organelle-specific TPs and dTPs combining mathematical multivariate data analysis （MVDA） with in vitro organellar import studies. We have used large datasets of mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins found in organellar proteomes as well as manually selected data sets of experimentally confirmed organelle-specific TPs and dTPs from Arabidopsis thaliana. Two classes of organelle-specific TPs could be distinguished by MVDA and potential patterns or periodicity in the amino acid sequence contributing to the separation were revealed, dTPs were found to have intermediate sequence features between the organelle-specific TPs. Interestingly, introducing positively charged residues to the dTPs showed clustering towards the mitochondrial TPs in silico and resulted in inhibition of chloroplast, but not mitochondrial import in in vitro organellar import studies. These findings suggest that positive charges in the N-terminal region of TPs may function as an ＇avoidance signal＇ for the chloroplast import.

关键词： dual targeting ambiguous targeting signal mitochondria chloroplast protein import partial least square discriminant analysis Arabidopsis thaliana.

Hypothalamic expression of PD-L1: does it mediate hypothalamitis?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第6期16卷 625-626页

作者： erika Iervasi Antonella Strangio Daniele Saverino Department of Experimental Medicine University of GenovaVia De Toni1416132 GenovaItaly IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Largo Rosanna Benzi1016132 GenovaItaly

Recently,immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the landscape of advanced cancer *** specific blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4)and programmed cell death-protein 1(PD-1)or its ligand(PD-L1)... 详细信息

关键词： cancer treatment. death

Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections after liver transplantation: An ever-growing challenge

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第20期20卷 6201-6210页

作者： Guilherme Santoro-Lopes erika Ferraz de Gouvêa Infectious Diseases Clinic Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ-CEP 21941-913 Brazil Department of Preventive Medicine School of Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ-CEP 21941-590 Brazil

Bacterial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant *** the last two decades,various multidrug-resistant(MDR)pathogens have emerged as relevant causes of infection in this *** this fact reflects the spread of MDR pathogens in health care facilities worldwide,several factors relating to the care of transplant donor candidates and recipients render these patients particularly prone to the acquisition of MDR bacteria and increase the likelihood of MDR infectious outbreaks in transplant *** awareness of this high vulnerability of transplant recipients to infection leads to the more frequent use of broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy,which further contributes to the selection of drug *** vicious cycle is difficult to avoid and leads to a scenario of increased complexity and narrowed therapeutic *** by MDR pathogens is more frequently associated with a failure to start appropriate empiric antimicrobial *** lack of appropriate treatment may contribute to the high mortality occurring in transplant recipients with MDR ***,high therapeutic failure rates have been observed in patients infected with extensively-resistant pathogens,such as carbapenemresistant Enterobacteriaceae,for which optimal treatment remains *** such a context,the careful implementation of preventive strategies is of utmost importance to minimize the negative impact that MDR infections may have on the outcome of liver transplant *** article reviews the current literature regarding the incidence and outcome of MDR infections in liver transplant recipients,and summarizes current preventive and therapeutic recommendations.

关键词： Multidrug resistance Bacterial infections Organ transplantation Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Liver transplantation

eUREkA! T cells answer nature’s call

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第7期20卷 692-693页

作者： Beth Kelly erika L.Pearce Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Nitrogen is critical for cell growth, proliferation, and function. Amino acid (AA) catabolism is a major source of intracellular nitrogen for biosynthesis but also generates the nitrogen-containing molecule ammonia (NH3+), which can accumulate to toxic levels in a cell if not exported to the circulation and detoxified by the urea cycle in the liver. In a recent paper in Nature Immunology, Tang et al. [1] discovered a functional urea cycle in memory T cells, which metabolizes ammonia, prevents its toxic accumulation.

关键词： function. ammonia cycle

Increased Mortality Risk in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Scoping Review

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Phenotypic plasticity is maintained despite geographical isolation in an African cichlid fish,Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

Open Journal of Pediatrics（儿科学期刊） 2024年第4期 754页

作者： Devin Evavold Tyler Mueller erika Johnson Marilyn G.Klug Larry Burd

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第1期9卷 85-96页

作者： Kirsten E.WIENS erika CRISPO Lauren J.CHAPMAN Department of Pathology New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Biology and Health Sciences Pace UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Biology McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA

Gene flow among populations in different selective environments should favor the evolution of phenotypic plasticity over local *** in development is a common response to long-term hypoxia in some widespread African fishes,including Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor,a cichlid that exploits both normoxic(high oxygen)rivers/lakes and hypoxic(low oxygen)*** studies have shown that fish from normoxic and hypoxic sites differ in many traits,including gill size,brain size and body shape,and that much of this vari-ation reflects developmental ***,these earlier studies focused on areas in Uganda where gene flow between swamp and river or lake populations is *** this study we tested the hypothesis that ***-color from a relatively isolated lake population(Lake Saka,Uganda)exhibit low levels of plasticity in traits re-lated to oxygen *** broods of *** from Lake Saka were reared under low and high dis-solved oxygen,and traits related to gill size,brain mass and body shape were ***,both gill size and brain mass showed high levels of developmental *** suggest that high levels of plasticity,particularly in the gill size of ***,reflects low costs of maintaining the plastic response,even in rela-tively isolated populations.

关键词： brain geometric morphometrics gills hypoxia riverine fish