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Transformation of organic matters in fresh leachate during anaerobic degradation under long hydraulic retention time

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第9期21卷 1302-1308页

作者： XU Suyun,he pinjing,LU Fan,LI Min,SHAO Liming State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

This study investigated the biodegradability of fresh leachate from a young municipal solid waste landfill at the inoculum to substrate ratios （V/V） of 10/100, 25/100, 50/100 and 100/100, as well as the transformation of organic matters in leachate under prolonged hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 50 d. Fresh leachate showed a good biodegradability, with chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency as high as 87%-92% and cumulative methane yield close to theoretical value （0.35 L CH4/g CODdeg）. Methane production and COD depletion presented biphasic characteristics associated with the successive utilization of two major intermediates, acetate and propionate, The biphasic degradation of fresh leachate was resulted from the different hydrolysis rates of diverse substrates and the changes in microorganism community structure. After 50 d, the effluents were dominated by high-MW organic compounds （MW 〉 10 kDa） at each inoculum ratio, which might be refractory compounds released from cell lyses.

关键词： biodegradability biomass lyses methane production ratio of inoculum to substrate volatile fatty acids

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论比较文学文本变异学的五个层面

中国比较文学 2022年第4期 166-179页

作者：付品晶西南交通大学人文学院

比较文学文本的变异主要体现在语言的变异、叙事的变异、形象的变异、主题的变异和文类的变异上。文学文本的变异发生主要有两个方面的因素:宏观方面主要是历史语境和文化环境,微观方面是译者和作家个性特征。由于五个层面的文本变异,... 详细信息

比较文学文本的变异主要体现在语言的变异、叙事的变异、形象的变异、主题的变异和文类的变异上。文学文本的变异发生主要有两个方面的因素:宏观方面主要是历史语境和文化环境,微观方面是译者和作家个性特征。由于五个层面的文本变异,文学文本在他国获得了新生,经过过滤、误读和变异,文学文本方能在异国异土扎根、成长,从而其艺术生命得以延伸,文本内涵得以丰富。

关键词：语言变异叙事变异形象变异主题变异文类变异

Enzyme extraction by ultrasound from sludge flocs

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 204-210页

作者： YU Guanghui,he pinjing,SHAO Liming,ZHU Yishu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Enzymes play essential roles in the biological processes of sludge treatment. In this article, the ultrasound method to extract enzymes from sludge flocs was presented. Results showed that using ultrasound method at 20 kHz could extract more types of enzymes than that at 40 kHz and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA） methods. The optimum parameters of ultrasound extraction at 20 kHz were duration of 10 min and intensity of 552 W/g TSS. Under the optimum condition, ultrasound could break the cells and extract both the extracellular and a small part of intercellular enzymes. Ultrasound intensity was apparently more susceptive to enzyme extraction than duration, suggesting that the control of intensity during ultrasound extraction was more important than that of duration. The Pearson correlation analysis between enzyme activities and cation contents revealed that the different types of enzymes had distinct cation binding characteristics.

关键词： enzymes extracellular polymeric substances extraction method sludge flocs statistical analysis ultrasound

Release of volatile organic compounds during bio-drying of municipal solid waste

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第5期22卷 752-759页

作者： pinjing he,Jiafu Tang,Dongqing Zhang,Yang Zeng,Liming ShaoState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Three treatments were tested to investigate the release concentrations of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） during the bio-drying of municipal solid waste （MSW） by the aerobic and combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes.Results showed that VOCs were largely released in the first 4 days of bio-drying and the dominant components were：dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl sulfide,benzene,2-butanone,limonene and methylene chloride.Thus,the combined hydrolytic-aerobic process was suggested for MSW bio-drying due to fewer aeration quantities in this phase when compared with the aerobic process,and the treatment strategies should base on the key properties of these prominent components.Malodorous sulfur compounds and terpenes were mainly released in the early phase of bio-drying,whereas,two peaks of release concentrations appeared for aromatics and ketones during bio-drying.Notably,for the combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes there were also high concentrations of released aromatics in the shift from hydrolytic to aerobic stages.High concentrations of released chlorinateds were observed in the later phase.For the VOCs produced during MSW bio-drying,i.e.,malodorous sulfur compounds,terpenes and chlorinateds,their release concentrations were mainly determined by production rates;for the VOCs presented initially in MSW,such as aromatics,their transfer and transport in MSW mainly determined the release concentrations.

关键词： bio-drying municipal solid waste odors release concentration volatile organic compounds

Thermal stabilization of chromium slag by sewage sludge: Effects of sludge quantity and temperature

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1110-1115页

作者： Changlin Wu,Hua Zhang,pinjing he,Liming Shao State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science & Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science & Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China. E-mail: solidwaste@***

To investigate the feasibility of detoxifying chromium slag by sewage sludge, synthetic chromium slag containing 3% of Cr（Ⅵ） was mixed with sewage sludge followed by thermal treatment in nitrogen gas for stabilizing chromium. The effects of slag to sludge ratio （0.5, 1 and 2） and temperature （200, 300, 500, 700 and 900℃） on treatment efficiency were investigated. During the mixing process before thermal treatment, 59.8%-99.7% of Cr（Ⅵ） was reduced, but Cr could be easily leached from the reduction product. Increasing heating temperature and decreasing slag to sludge ratio strengthened the reduction and stabilization of Cr（Ⅵ）. When the slag to sludge ratio was 0.5 and thermal treatment temperature was 300℃, the total leached Cr and Cr（Ⅵ） declined to 0.55 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L respectively, and 45.5% of Cr in the thermally treated residue existed as residual fraction. A two-stage mechanism was proposed for the reduction and stabilization of Cr.

关键词： chromium slag sewage sludge reduction detoxification thermal treatment leached concentration

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太湖沉水植物残体理化性质和资源性分析

农业资源与环境学报 2023年第4期40卷 873-882页

作者：张宁何品晶章骅宗兵年吕凡同济大学固体废物处理与资源化研究所上海200092 同济大学农业环境与生态研究所上海200092

太湖区域的沉水植物残体产生量大、二次污染严重,亟需解决其资源化利用问题。资源化利用技术的选择取决于生物质废物的理化性质。为此,本研究分析了太湖区域5种沉水植物和1种对照浮水植物的生物化学组成、元素组成、厌氧和好氧生物稳定... 详细信息

太湖区域的沉水植物残体产生量大、二次污染严重,亟需解决其资源化利用问题。资源化利用技术的选择取决于生物质废物的理化性质。为此,本研究分析了太湖区域5种沉水植物和1种对照浮水植物的生物化学组成、元素组成、厌氧和好氧生物稳定性以及热转化过程特征。结果表明:沉水植物的木质纤维素含量(以干质量计)为17.1%~31.7%,低于常见的挺水植物和浮水植物;蛋白质、脂肪含量(以干质量计)分别为11.3%~19.9%和1.8%~3.2%,低于大部分浮水植物;沉水植物具有木质纤维素含量低、适口性好的特点,可经过加工后用作饲料。生物化学甲烷潜力的分析结果显示,粗破碎沉水植物的累计甲烷产量(以有机质质量计)为106.2~150.2 mL·g^(-1),低于常规厌氧消化处理物料的产气量,不适合以单一底物方式进行厌氧消化。沉水植物的7日好氧呼吸量(O2,以干质量计)在534.5~698.8 mg·g^(-1)范围内,一级降解速率常数为0.051~0.097 d-1,快速降解的特性显示其适合采用堆肥技术进行处理。热重分析表明沉水植物的热转化温度低,更适合生产用作吸附剂、土壤调理剂的生物炭。

关键词：沉水植物残体性质生物化学甲烷潜力好氧呼吸量热重分析资源化利用

A　perspective　analysis　on　municipal　solid　waste(MSW)　energy　recovery　in　China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期9卷 96-100页

作者： he pinjing, Shao Liming National Laboratory of Pollution Control and Reclamation, School of Environmental Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

The paper analysed the current situation of municipal solid waste(MSW) quantity and quality in China and the changing tendencies of its composition. Further more, the energy value of MSW was discussed. To the point of the technical and economic aspects, the feasibility of the energy recovery from MSW was also analysed. The conclusion is that the energy can be effectively recovered through a landfill gas utilization process and the energy produced by an incineration process. Through a suitable energy recovery process, it is possible to improve the economic viability of a MSW treatment process.

关键词： perspective analysis energy recovery energy value municipal solid waste(MSW) MSW in China.

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村镇垃圾治理典型案例及问题分析

农业资源与环境学报 2022年第2期39卷 337-345页

作者：崔广宇吕凡章骅邵立明何品晶同济大学固体废物处理与资源化研究所上海200092 上海污染控制与生态安全研究院上海200092 上海多源固废协同处理和能源化工程技术研究中心上海200092

垃圾治理是农村人居环境整治的重要组成部分。当前各地农村围绕垃圾分类、收运及处理处置开展了众多实践尝试。为及时、深入地了解村镇垃圾的治理现状,本文基于2021年村镇垃圾治理实用技术与实践案例征集活动的结果,对比分析了应征案例... 详细信息

垃圾治理是农村人居环境整治的重要组成部分。当前各地农村围绕垃圾分类、收运及处理处置开展了众多实践尝试。为及时、深入地了解村镇垃圾的治理现状,本文基于2021年村镇垃圾治理实用技术与实践案例征集活动的结果,对比分析了应征案例的指标达成状况,系统梳理了村镇垃圾的分类收运、资源化利用及热处理三类典型案例的特点和存在的问题,旨在为我国村镇垃圾治理工作的高效推进提供参考。就分类收运而言,“五网协同”、“一户一码”、第三方运营等管理机制方面的创新对村镇垃圾治理的高效推进具有重要作用,同时也存在目标效果缺乏数据支撑、案例覆盖人口数量少及案例可推广性有待验证等问题。资源化处理方面,升级版的阳光房堆肥技术及模式运行成本较低,操作相对简便,可推广性强;虽然厨余(易腐)垃圾机械制肥推广应用较多,具有一定的适用性,但其运行成本高,且部分运行时间较短的工艺无法满足产物腐熟的要求。易腐垃圾昆虫生物转化技术的减量化和资源化水平较高,有较好的规模化推广应用前景。此外,大部分村镇生活垃圾热处理案例存在运行不稳定及污染物排放不达标等问题,因此应加强原料控制、热解(焚烧)过程优化等方面的科学研究和实践应用。

关键词：农村生活垃圾易腐垃圾垃圾治理蝇蛆黑水虻有机肥料典型案例

诺氟沙星和土霉素对汞在鱼体内积累和转化的影响研究

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环境科学学报 2022年第4期42卷 473-480页

作者：吴品晶曹学洋何鑫龙吴胜春梁鹏浙江农林大学环境与资源学院杭州311300 浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室杭州311300

为阐明诺氟沙星和土霉素对汞(Hg)在鱼体内积累和转化的影响机制,探究了Hg单一暴露、诺氟沙星-Hg和土霉素-Hg复合暴露条件下,鱼体内各器官和组织中总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg)的积累特征.结果表明:Hg单一暴露条件下,鱼体肌肉THg含量随着暴... 详细信息

为阐明诺氟沙星和土霉素对汞(Hg)在鱼体内积累和转化的影响机制,探究了Hg单一暴露、诺氟沙星-Hg和土霉素-Hg复合暴露条件下,鱼体内各器官和组织中总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg)的积累特征.结果表明:Hg单一暴露条件下,鱼体肌肉THg含量随着暴露时间呈先增加后降低的趋势,鱼头和内脏组织的THg含量随暴露时间增加而逐渐增加,内脏组织积累量高于鱼头(p0.05).在诺氟沙星-Hg和土霉素-Hg复合暴露条件下,鱼体内的THg和MeHg含量与Hg单一暴露处理相比均产生显著变化,诺氟沙星和土霉素均能促进THg在鱼体内的积累及抑制MeHg的形成(p<0.01).然而,无论对THg积累的促进作用还是对MeHg形成的抑制作用,诺氟沙星比土霉素作用都更为显著.

关键词：甲基汞无机汞抗生素鱼