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Feasibility of housefly larvae-mediated vermicomposting for recycling food waste added digestate as additive

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第6期128卷 150-160页

作者： Guangyu Cui Fan Lü Tao Lu Hua Zhang Pinjing He Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization Shanghai 200092China

The development of methods for the efficient treatment and application of food waste digestate is an important research goal.Vermicomposting via housefly larvae is an efficient way to reduce food waste and achieve its valorization,however,studies on the application and performance of digestate in vermicomposting are rarely.The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the co-treatment of food waste and digestate as an additive via larvae.Restaurant food waste(RFW)and household food waste(HFW)were selected to assess the effects of waste type on vermicomposting performance and larval quality.Waste reduction rates of 50.9%–57.8%were observed in the vermicomposting of food waste mixed with digestate at a ratio of 25%,which were slightly lower than those for treatments without the addition of digestate(62.8%–65.9%).The addition of digestate increased the germination index,with a maximum value of 82%in the RFW treatments with 25%digestate,and decreased the respiration activity,with a minimum value of 30 mg-O_(2)/g-TS.The larval productivity of 13.9%in the RFW treatment system with a digestate rate of 25%was lower that without digestate(19.5%).Materials balance shows that larval biomass and metabolic equivalent had decreasing trends as the amount of digestate increased and HFW vermicomposting exhibited lower bioconversion efficiency than that of RFW treatment system regardless of the addition of digestate.These results suggest that mixing digestate at a low ratio(25%)during vermicomposting of foodwaste especially RFW could lead to considerable larval biomass and generate relatively stable residues.

关键词： Biogas digestate Food waste Housefly larvae Larvae valorization Vermicomposting

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Material flow analysis and global warming potential assessment of an industrial insect-based bioconversion plant using housefly larvae

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 483-495页

作者： Tao Lu Fan Lü Nanlin Liao Honghui Chai Hua Zhang Pinjing He Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Source Reuse Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Zhejiang Qihe Ecological Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310052China

The significant increase in the demand for biomass waste treatment after garbage classification has led to housefly larvae treatment becoming an attractive treatment option.It can provide a source of protein while treating biomass waste,which means that nutrients can be returned to the natural food chain.However,the performance of this technology in terms of its environmental impacts is still unclear,particularly with regards to global warming potential(GWP).This study used a life cycle assessment(LCA)approach to assess a housefly larvae treatment plant with a treatment capacity of 50 tons of biomass waste per day.The LCA results showed that the 95% confidence intervals for the GWP in summer and winter were determined to be 24.46-32.81 kg CO_(2) equivalent(CO_(2)-eq)/ton biomass waste and5.37-10.08 kg CO_(2)-eq/ton biomass waste,respectively.The greater GWP value in summer is due to the longer ventilation time and higher ventilation intensity in summer,which consumes more power.The main GWP contributions are from(1)electricity needs(accounting for 78.6% of emissions in summer and 70.2%in winter)and(2)product substitution by mature housefly larvae and compost(both summer and winter accounting for 96.8% of carbon reduction).

关键词： Biomass waste Musca domestica Housefly larvae Life cycle assessment Global warming potential

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Achievements and policy trends of extended producer responsibility for plastic packaging waste in Europe

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2022年第2期4卷 91-103页

作者： Shari Lorang Zhan Yang Hua Zhang Fan Lü Pinjing He College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

The vastly increasing generation of plastic packaging waste has outgrown the infrastructure capacity to manage this waste effectively,resulting in critical aquatic and terrestrial pollution.In 1994,the European Commission implemented the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC,responding to growing concerns regarding the environmental impact of packaging and safe waste management.This study analyses how Germany,Spain,France,Italy,and Poland—the five most populous countries in the EU(European Union)—manage their plastic packaging waste,and evaluates their established Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)schemes,which are mandatory for all EU Member States by the end of 2024.This research shows that EPR schemes improve the financial and operational viability of plastic waste management in the scope countries,resulting in higher collection and recycling rates.Take-back requirements can incentivise producers to put less plastic packaging on the market,and advanced disposal fees can encourage eco-design.The Producer Responsibility Organisation plays a crucial role in both producer and consumer awareness,and in ensuring that plastic waste is safely managed.However,the local recycling infrastructure of 6.5 Mt in 2018 is a major barrier to reaching 50%recycling of plastic packaging in the EU by 2025.The European recycling capacity only covered about 23%of the cumulative post-consumer plastic waste generation,delaying the transition to the EU circular plastic economy.The recycling capacity has increased by 3 Mt between 2018 and 2020 and needs to continue its rapid expansion to become autonomous in reaching the recycling targets.

关键词： Extended producer responsibility Plastic packaging EU plastics strategy Plastic waste management Recycling

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Flow analysis of major and trace elements in residues from large-scale sewage sludge incineration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 99-109页

作者： Siyuan Yu Hua Zhang Fan Lü Liming Shao Pinjing He State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Institute of Waste Treatment&Reclamation College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

Increase of sewage sludge(SS)has led to the construction of more incineration plants,exacerbating to the production of SS incineration residues.However,few studies have considered the mass balance of elements in large-scale SS incineration plants,affecting the residues treatment and utilization.In this study,flow analysis was conducted for major and trace elements in the SS,the fly ash(sewage sludge ash,SSA)and bottom ash from two large-scale SS incineration plants.The elemental characteristics were compared with those of coal fly ash(CFA),and air pollution control residues from municipal solid waste incineration(MSWIA),as well as related criteria.The results showed that the most abundant major element in SSA was Si,ranging from 120 to 240 g/kg,followed by Al(76–348 g/kg),Ca(26–113 g/kg),Fe(35–80 g/kg),and P(26–104 g/kg),and the trace elements were mainly Zn,Ba,Cu,and Mn.Not all the major elements were derived from SS.Most trace elements in the SS incineration residues accounted for 82.4%–127%of those from SS,indicating that SS was the main source of trace elements.The partitioning of heavy metals in the SS incineration residues showed that electrostatic precipitator ash or cyclone ash with high production rates were the major pollutant sinks.The differences in some major and trace elements could be indicators to differentiate SSA from CFA and MSWIA.Compared with related land criteria,the pollutants in SSA should not be ignored during disposal and utilization.

关键词： Sewage sludge ash Sewage sludge incineration Electrostatic precipitator ash Cyclone ash Flow analysis Mass balance

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Metal distribution characteristic of MSWI bottom ash in view of metal recovery

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第2期29卷 178-189页

作者： Yi Xia Pinjing He Liming Shao Hua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control&Resource Reuse Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Center for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns&Rural Area Ministry of Housing and Urban-RuralDevelopment of China(MOHURD)Shanghai 200092China

Bottom ash is the major by-product of municipal solid waste incineration（MSWI）, and is often reused as an engineering material, such as road-base aggregate. However, some metals（especially aluminum） in bottom ash can react with water and generate gas that could cause expansion and failure of products containing the ash; these metals must be removed before the ash is utilized. The size distribution and the chemical speciation of metals in the bottom ash from two Chinese MSWI plants were examined in this study, and the recovery potential of metals from the ash was evaluated. The metal concentrations in these bottom ashes were lower than that generated in other developed countries. Specifically, the contents of Al,Fe, Cu and Zn were 18.9–29.2, 25.5–32.3, 0.7–1.0 and 1.6–2.5 g/kg, respectively. Moreover,44.9–57.0 wt.% of Al and 55.6–75.4 wt.% of Fe were distributed in bottom ash particles smaller than 5 mm. Similarly, 46.6–79.7 wt.% of Cu and 42.9–74.2 wt.% of Zn were concentrated in particles smaller than 3 mm. The Fe in the bottom ash mainly existed as hematite, and its chemical speciation was considered to limit the recovery efficiency of magnetic separation.

关键词： Municipal solid waste incineration Bottom ash Metal speciation Metal recovery Size distribution

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Road to full bioconversion of biowaste to biochemicals centering on chain elongation: A mini review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第12期31卷 50-64页

作者： Wenhao Han Pinjing He Liming Shao Fan Lü State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Toums&Rural Area Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China(MOHURD)China

Production of biochemicals from waste streams has been attracting increasing worldwide interest to achieve climate protection goals.Chain elongation(CE)for production of mediumchain carboxylic acids(MCCAs,especially caproate,enanthate and caprylate)from diverse biowaste has emerged as a potential economic and environmental technology for a sustainable society.The present mini review summarizes the research utilizing various synthetic or real waste-derived substrates available for MCCA production.Additionally,the microbial characteristics of the CE process are surveyed and discussed.Considering that a large proportion of recalcitrantly biodegradable biowaste and residues cannot be further utilized by CE systems and remain to be treated and disposed,we propose here a loop concept of bioconversion of biowaste to MCCAs making full use of the biowaste with zero emission.This could make possible an alternative technology for synthesis of value-added products from a wide range of biowaste,or even non-biodegradable waste(such as,plastics and rubbers).Meanwhile,the remaining scientific questions,unsolved problems,application potential and possible developments for this technology are discussed.

关键词： Organic waste Waste valorization Chain elongation Medium-chain carboxylic acids Functional microbes Electron donors

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Importance of storage time in mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 76-83页

作者： Fan Lü Xian Xu Liming Shao Pinjing He State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuses Tongji University Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji University Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area Ministry of Housing and Urban–Rural Development of PR China

Storage was used as a pretreatment to enhance the methanization performance of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. Food wastes were separately stored for 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 12 days, and then fed into a methanogenic reactor for a biochemical methane potential（BMP） test lasting up to 60 days. Relative to the methane production of food waste stored for 0–1 day（285–308 m L/g-added volatile solids（VSadded））, that after2–4 days and after 5–12 days of storage increased to 418–530 and 618–696 m L/g-VSadded,respectively. The efficiency of hydrolysis and acidification of pre-stored food waste in the methanization reactors increased with storage time. The characteristics of stored waste suggest that methane production was not correlated with the total hydrolysis efficiency of organics in pre-stored food waste but was positively correlated with the storage time and acidification level of the waste. From the results, we recommend 5–7 days of storage of food waste in anaerobic digestion treatment plants.

关键词： Food waste Bio-pretreatment Storage Fermentation Biochemical methane potential Hydrolysates

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Estimating source strengths of HCl and SO_2 emissions in the flue gas from waste incineration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 370-377页

作者： Hua Zhang Siyuan Yu Liming Shao Pinjing He State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

HCl and SO_2 emission is one of the major concerns related to municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI). In this study, a material flow analysis model was developed to estimate the HCl and SO_2 concentrations in the MSWI flue gases(FGs), and their concentrations in the full-scale MSWI were monitored. The calculated concentrations of HCl and SO_2 in the FG were 770–1300 mg/Nm^3 and 150–640 mg/Nm^3, respectively, in close agreement with the monitored values. More than 99% of Cl and 92% of S from the FG were captured into solid residues by the air pollution control(APC) systems. Moreover, since only 48.4%–67.5% of Cl and 21.3%–53.4% of S were transferred to the FG from the municipal solid waste(MSW), it was more reliable to estimate the source strengths and release amounts of HCl and SO_2 in the FG based on the amounts of Cl and S in the APC residues(AR) and exhaust gas rather than in the MSW. This simple method is easily applicable and the estimated results could provide scientific basis for the appropriate design and operation of the APC systems as well as corrosion control of heat recovery systems.

关键词： Municipal solid waste incineration Acid gas Hydrogen chloride Sulfur dioxide Source strength

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Molecular behavior and interactions with microbes during anaerobic degradation of bio-derived DOM in waste leachate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 174-183页

作者： Junjie Qiu Tianqi Li Fan Lü Yulong Huang Chao Li Hua Zhang Liming Shao Pinjing He Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-Processing and Energy Utilization Shanghai 200092China

It is the key to control bio-derived dissolved organic matters (DOM) in order to reduce the effluent concentration of wastewater treatment, especially for waste leachate with high organic contaminants. In the present study, the anaerobic degradation of aerobically stabilized DOM was investigated with DOM substrate isolated through electrodialysis. The degradation of bio-derived DOM was confirmed by reduction of 15%of total organic carbon in 100 days.We characterized the molecular behavior of bio-derived DOM by coupling molecular and biological information analysis. Venn based Sankey diagram of mass features showed the transformation of bio-derived DOM mass features. Occurrence frequency analysis divided mass features into six categories so as to distinguish the fates of intermediate metabolites and persistent compounds. Reactivity continuum model and machine learning technologies realized the semi-quantitative determination on the kinetics of DOM mass features in the form of pseudo-first order, and confirmed the reduction of inert mass features. Furthermore, network analysis statistically establish relationship between DOM mass features and microbes to identify the active microbes that are able to utilize bio-derived DOM. This work confirmed the biological technology is still effective in controlling recalcitrant bio-derived DOM during wastewater treatment.

关键词： Soluble microbial products Data mining Machine learning Solid waste Orbitrap

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Impact of municipal solid waste incineration on heavy metals in the surrounding soils by multivariate analysis and lead isotope analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 47-56页

作者： Yang Li Hua Zhang Liming Shao Xiaoli Zhou Pinjing He State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji University Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area Ministry of Housing Urban-Rural Development

Municipal solid waste(MSW) incineration has become an important anthropogenic source of heavy metals(HMs) to the environment. However, assessing the impact of MSW incineration on HMs in the environment, especially soils, can be a challenging task because of various HM sources. To investigate the effect of MSW incineration on HMs in soils, soil samples collected at different distances from four MSW incinerators in Shanghai, China were analyzed for their contents of eight HMs(antimony, cadmium, chromium, copper,lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc) and lead(Pb) isotope ratios. Source identification and apportionment of HMs were accomplished using principal component analysis and Pb isotope analysis. Results indicated that the relatively high contents of cadmium, lead,antimony, and zinc in the soils at 250 m and 750–1250 m away from the MSW incinerators were related to MSW incineration, while the elevated contents of the other four HMs were associated with other anthropogenic activities. Based on Pb isotope analysis, the contribution ratio of MSW incineration(which had been operated for more than 14 years)to the accumulation of Pb in soil was approximately 10% on average, which was lower than coal combustion only. Incinerator emissions of Pb could have a measurable effect on the soil contamination within a limited area(≤1500 m).

关键词： Municipal solid waste incineration Soils heavy metals Source identification Pb isotope ratios

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