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Overview of Rim2/Hipa transposon superfamily:Structure, distribution, transposition and utilization

Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2008年第4期18卷 375-379页

作者： pingfang tian a, zuhua he b a college of life science and technology, beijing university of chemical technology, beijing 100029, china b shanghai institute of plant physiology and ecology, shanghai institute for biological sciences, chinese academy of sciences, shanghai 200032, china college of life science and technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China shanghai institute of plant physiology and ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

The rice Rim2/Hipa is a unique transposon superfamily in Oryza genomes, which can be transcriptionally activated by the infection of the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea and its elicitors. Rim2/Hipa elements belong to En/Spm family, with perfect terminal inverted repeats in both ends, direct and inverted sub-terminal repeats, and 3-bp target site duplication upon insertion. Intriguingly, the typical ’CACTG’ end sequences in the terminal inverted repeats of most Rim2/Hipa elements distinguish them from previously reported CACTA elements, such as En/Spm, Tam1, and Tgm1, which harbor ’CACTA’ sequence in their terminal inverted repeats. In particular, the plentiful Rim2/Hipa elements unevenly distribute over all 12 chromosomes and make up at least 1% of the entire genome. Southern hybridization revealed the existence of Rim2/Hipa elements in all rice varieties examined and the Rim2/Hipa core sequence is unique to rice genomes. Evidence derived from sequence analysis indicated the occurrence of transposition events during the long evolution. The abundance and insertion polymorphisms suggested their applications as novel molecular marker in rice fingerprinting and fine chromo- some mapping. This paper aims at outlining the Rim2/Hipa elements with respect to their structure, distribution, transposition and utilization.

关键词： Rim2/Hipa elements Structure Distribution Transposition Utilization

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Cold exposure promotes coronavirus infection by altering the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism to reduce host immunity

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Frigid Zone Medicine 2023年第4期3卷 216-231,I0002-I0006页

作者： Gaosong Wu Yuhao Zhang Ningning Zheng Saisai tian Jingyu Liao Wanqi Le Houkai Li Weidong Zhang institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China School of Traditional chinese Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198China School of Pharmacy Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China Department of Phytochemistry School of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China institute of Medicinal plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China

Objective:Cold exposure has been suggested to be advantageous for the spread and infection of the coronavirus,and the gut microbiota influences the severity of the infection by modulating host inflammatory and immune ***,it remains unclear whether the promotion of viral infection through cold exposure is linked to the gut ***:In this study,we performed an unbiased analysis of gut microbiota,serum,and lung tissue metabolome changes in cold-exposed and virus-infected mice,alongside the assessment of immune-inflammatory indicators in serum and lung ***:The results revealed that both cold exposure and viral infection significantly decreased the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes(CD4^(+)T cells,CD8^(+)T cells,and b cell)and increased the expression of inflammatory factors(IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and IFN-γ).Meanwhile,cold exposure disrupted the homeostasis of gut microbiota,elevating the abundance of pathogenic bacteria(Staphylococcus)and diminishing the abundance of beneficial bacteria(Alistipes).Notably,in virus-infected mice exposed to a cold environment,the reduction in the abundance of beneficial bacteria Alistipes was more pronounced than in cases of single virus infection and cold *** of altered serum and lung tissue metabolites highlighted glycerophospholipids,fatty acids,and eicosanoids as the most affected metabolites by cold *** metabolites,closely associated with virus infection,exhibited a significant correlation with immune-inflammatory ***:These findings establish a mechanistic connection between cold exposure and virus infection,suggesting that cold exposure-induced dysregulation of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism diminishes host immunity,promoting virus infection.

关键词： cold exposure coronavirus infection gut microbiota lipid metabolism immune

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