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Photovoltaic waste management in sub-Saharan Africa:current practices in Burkina Faso

Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 271-282页

作者： Kodami Badza Yrebegnan Moussa Soro Marie sawadogo Laboratoire Energies Renouvelables et EfficacitéEnergétique Institut International d'Ingenierie de I'Eau et de I'Environnement(2iE)01 BP 594 OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa is witnessing a proliferation of photovoltaic(PV)waste due to the increasing number of solar PV power *** waste(panels,batteries,electrical cables,mounting structures,and inverters)consists of elements such as mercury,cadmium,chromium,lead,copper,aluminum,fluorinated compounds,and plastics that are toxic to human health and the environment if a proper management system is not *** many studies worldwide have focused on PV waste management,very few have been conducted in sub-Saharan *** study aims to investigate the current PV waste management system in Burkina Faso,determine stakeholder profiles,and propose strategies to enhance the existing *** research,interviews,questionnaires,and field visits were used in the *** survey showed that young people,mainly under 30 years of age and with a primary education,dominate(70%)in terms of PV waste collection and repair activities,while the more technical recycling and export activities are carried out mainly(88%)by stakeholders older than 40 years and with a secondary education(60%).Among the older stakeholders,100%are aware of the hazardous nature of PV waste,whereas 36%are young *** an environmental perspective,the main source of contamination observed is the release of lead-rich sulfuric acids into water and soil during the collection and repair *** the recycling of batteries and electrical cables,toxic fumes are emitted into the air,and recycling residues rich in toxic substances are *** reduce risks to human health and the environment when managing PV waste,the introduction of legislation,the multiplication of collection points and appropriate infrastructures,the training and awareness-raising of stakeholders,and the extended responsibility of manufacturers are *** on the economic feasibility of setting up formal management structures are needed to complete this work.

关键词： Photovoltaic waste Sub-Saharan Africa Waste management Recycling Batteries Incineration

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Physical and coupled fully three-dimensional numerical modeling of pressurized bottom outlet flushing processes in reservoirs

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第5期34卷 461-474页

作者： Ousmane sawadogo Gerrit R.Basson Simon Schneiderbauer Department of Civil Engineering Stellenbosch University Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Multi-scale Modelling of Multiphase Processes Johannes Kepler University

Sediment deposition in reservoirs is an important research topic in engineering practice. Reservoir sedimentation has the potential to affect flood levels, drainage for agricultural land, pump station and hydropower operation as well as navigation. This paper describes the development of a coupled fully three-dimensional(3 D) numerical model for the prediction of the local sediment flushing scour upstream of the bottom outlet. The presented numerical model solves the Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with the k-ε turbulence model which includes both sediment transport and hydrodynamic parameters. The proposed coupled fully 3 D numerical model is used to simulate experimental tests based on non-cohesive sediment. The geometric features of the scour hole(temporal and spatial hole development) upstream of the bottom outlet were reasonably well predicted compared to the experimental data. Furthermore, the velocity field upstream of the bottom outlet was in good agreement with measurements. The proposed numerical model for bottom outlet flushing was, therefore, validated because of its ability to accurately predict the scour hole development during the flushing process. The proposed numerical model can be considered reliable provided that the model is correctly calibrated and set up to reflect the conditions of a particular case study.

关键词： Bottom outlet Coupled flow/sediment model Sediment flushing 3D numerical model Packed bed Reservoir

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Bt cotton seed purity in Burkina Faso:status and lessons learnt

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Journal of Cotton Research 2020年第4期3卷 260-267页

作者： BOURGOU Larbouga KARGOUGOU Ester sawadogo Mahamadou FOK Michel INERA Programme CotonBP 208Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso SOFITEX Laboratoire Contrôle QualitéSemences01 BP 147Bobo-Dioulasso 01Burkina Faso UniversitéOuaga1 Joseph Ki-Zerbo 09 BP 848Ouagadougou 09Burkina Faso CIRAD F-34398 MontpellierFrance UPR AIDA Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance.

Background:Since the commercial release of Bt cotton in Burkina Faso in 2009,the issue of seed purity in producers’fields has rarely been addressed in an unbiased and objective *** potential for contamination of conventional seed varieties with Bt traits and the consequent threat to the continuation of organic cotton production has been ***,studies are rare on the varietal purity of Bt cotton seeds,despite the implications for the effectiveness and sustainability of their *** paper compensates for the lack of research on the varietal purity of cotton seeds in Burkina Faso by reporting the results of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay tests collected in 2015 on samples of both conventional and Bt varieties from 646 ***:According to the conservative criteria used to declare the presence of a Bt gene in a given variety(more than 10%of seeds of conventional variety exhibit Bt traits,and at least 90%of seeds of Bt variety exhibit Bt traits),seed purity was very questionable for both types of *** the supposedly conventional variety,the Cry1Ac gene was observed in 63.6%of samples,the Cry2Ab gene was observed in 59.3%of samples,and both genes were detected in 52.2%of the seed *** 29.3%of the seeds that were supposed to be of conventional type contained no Bt ***,for the labeled Bt variety,the Cry1Ac gene was found in only 59.6%of samples,the Cry2Ab gene was found in 53.6%of the samples,and both genes were found in 40.4%of the ***,for the seeds that were supposed to contain both genes(Bollguard 2),both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab genes were found in only 40.4%of the samples,only one of the genes was found in 32.4%of the samples,and 27.2%of the seeds in the samples contained *** factors are responsible for the severe lack of seed ***,conventional varieties are being contaminated with Bt traits because of a failure to revise the seed production scheme in Burkina Faso to prevent cross-pollinat

关键词： Conventional cotton Organic cotton GM cotton Seed production scheme Seed control Burkina Faso

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Perspectives in restoration: storage and pretreatments of seeds for better germination of Sudanian savanna-woodland species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第4期27卷 773-778页

作者： S.D.Dayamba P.Savadogo S.Diawara L.sawadogo World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) West and Central Africa Regional Office - Sahel Node World Agroforestry Centre & International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRAF-ICRISAT) West and Central Africa Region-Sahel Node De'partement Productions Forestie`res Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles

Insufficient knowledge of the germination ecology of local species is one of the main constraints to restoration of degraded rural lands. We tested seeds from fourteen Sudanian savanna species targeted for restoration for their response to two different pretreatments（conventional and prolonged acid pretreatments） and two different storage conditions（ambient room conditions and refrigerator at 4 C）. For 6 of the studied species, longer soaking in sulphuric acid significantly improved germination rates and also reduced the germination time of some species. Storage condition, in general did not affect germination rates except for two species where cool storage depressed germination. The practical implication is that, for the species tested, when mature seeds are collected for plantation in the upcoming rainy season, there is no need to invest in infrastructure and energy for storing in cold *** study also revealed that in general when seeds are stored in ambient conditions from the time of collection up to seeding time, although germination rate does not increase, germination time is shortened and this could be of great interest in synchronizing germination in real field conditions.

关键词： germination restoration plantation ambient mature stored ecology degraded shortened longer

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Between Euthanasia and Dysthanasia: The Ethical Issue of Sedation in the Terminal Phase of Illness

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 39-49页

作者： Joseph sawadogo Faculty of Human and Social Sciences Department of Philosophy Faculty of Medicine University Saint Thomas d’Aquin (USTA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Deep sedation, euthanasia and therapeutic relentlessness lead us today to rethink the paradigm of life and the contingency of human existence. Between therapeutic relentlessness, the unreasonable care which uses heavy therapeutic means which are often disproportionate to the expected benefit, namely keeping alive a patient whose condition is considered medically hopeless;and euthanasia which would precipitate the process of death would be sedation in the terminal phase of the illness. Should doctors and families of comatose patients decide the “life” and “death” of their patients? For anti-euthanasia associations, doctors, relatives of terminally ill patients and the State itself, if they accept the principle of euthanasia, they are “murderers”, while for pro-euthanasists, the dignity of the human being would recommend that the days of patients in situations considered critical be shortened, to avoid unnecessary suffering and humiliation. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify relevant articles relating to euthanasia, dysthanasia and sedation in the terminal phase of illness. The search was conducted in French or English in three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Objectives: The objectives of this article are: 1) define the terminologies and concepts of palliative sedation, deep sedation, deep and continuous sedation until death, euthanasia and dysthanasia;2) present aspects of the meaning of life and the human person in African cultures;and 3) propose an ethical reflection on the value of life. Results: After precisely defining the concepts of euthanasia, dysthanasia and sedation, this research presented the African anthropological and ethical approach to the mysteries of life and death. Conclusion: With this in mind, the golden rule of medicine always remains as such “Primum non nocere”.

关键词： Euthanasia Dysthanasia End-Of-Life Sedation Palliative Care African Cultures

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Biscuits: a systematic review and meta-analysis of improving the nutritional quality and health benefits

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 335-352页

作者： MahamadéGoubgou Laurencia TSongré-Ouattara Fabrice Bationo Hagrétou Lingani-sawadogo Yves Traoré Aly Savadogo Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology(LABIA)University Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougouBurkina Faso Department of Food Technology(DTA) Research Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology(IRSAT)OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Biscuits are ready-to-eat foods that are traditionally prepared mainly with wheat flour,fat,and ***,biscuits’technologies have been rapidly developed to improve their nutritional *** study aimed to determine the strategies of improving the nutritional quality of biscuits and the potential health benefits associated with them.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted,including articles on biscuits improved by technological processes and raw materials *** were searched from Google Scholar,PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science published between 1997 and 2020,in English and *** meta-analysis was performed using RStudio software,version 4.0.4 to classify the *** hundred and seven eligible articles were ***,pea,potato,sorghum,buckwheat,and flaxseed flours were respectively the most found substitutes to wheat *** the meta-analysis shown that the copra and foxtail millet biscuit fortified with amaranth,the wheat biscuits fortified with okra,and rice biscuits fortified with soybeans had a high protein *** biscuits therefore have a potential to be used as complementary *** substitution of sugar and fat by several substitutes lead to a decrease in carbohydrates,fat,and energy *** has also brought about an increase in other nutrients such as dietary fiber,proteins/amino acids,fatty acids,and phenolic *** the sugar and fat substitutes,stevia and inulin were respectively the most *** the use of biscuits in clinical trials,they were mainly used for addressing micronutrient deficiency and for weight loss.

关键词： Biscuit Technology Nutrition Health benefits

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Experimental and Numerical Study of Energy Losses in a Barbecue Oven in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2020年第1期9卷 31-52页

作者： Gael Lassina sawadogo Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables(LETRE) Universite Pr Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougouBurkina Faso Departement Energie Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquees et Technologies(IRSAT)OuagadougouBurkina Faso Laboratoire de Mathematiques et Physique(LAMPS) Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia(France)PerpignanFrance

This work concerns an experimental and numerical study of energy losses in a typical oven usually used in the agro-food craft sector in Burkina Faso. The experimental results were obtained by infrared thermography of the oven and by monitoring the evolution of the wall temperatures using thermocouples connected to a data acquisition system. These results indicate that the energy losses are mainly through the walls of the oven. The numerical study based on the energy balance and corroborated by the experimental study made it possible to quantify these losses of energy which represents almost half of the fuel used. These results will allow us to work on a new, more efficient oven model for the grilling sector in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Grill Oven Optimization Energy Losses Nodal Method

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Some Biological Features of <i>Aphtona whitfieldi</i>Bryant (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an Insect Pest of <i>Jatropha curcas</i>L. in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第4期4卷 231-239页

作者： Alizèta sawadogo Souleymane Nacro Fasobiocarburant Léo Burkina Faso Département des Productions Végétales IDR Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso INERA CREAF de Kamboinsé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Aphthona whitfieldi Bryant (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major insect pest of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiacae) in Burkina Faso and other countries in West Africa. The insect pest feeds on the roots and the leaves of the plant. When the attacks are heavy, the plant may lose all its leaves and die off. Unfortunately, little information is available on the biology of this insect pest. A study was conducted on the biology of this insect pest in the Sissili province, South Burkina Faso and resulted in the knowledge of some of the biological features of the insect pest. Aphthona whitfieldi was reared from 13th July to 22th October 2015. Larvae and pupae were collected in J. curcas plantations near Léo, the capital city of the Sissili province, and brought to the laboratory for rearing. The insects were observed daily and the dimensions and the duration of each stage were recorded. We recorded two larval stages (1st and 3rd): a pre-pupa and a pupal stage. The pupa was free and white milk-like. Both the pre-pupa and the pupal stages lasted for five days. The 1st instar larva was smaller than the third one.

关键词： Jatropha curcas Aphthona whitfieldi Biology Burkina Faso

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Physical and Mechanical Features of the Quaternary Basanites of the Cap-Vert Peninsula of Dakar (Senegal, West Africa)

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Geomaterials 2023年第4期13卷 124-138页

作者： Moussa sawadogo Déthie Sarr Geotechnical Department UFR of Engineering Sciences University of Thies Thies Senegal Technosol-Ingenierie Geotechnical Design Office and Laboratory Dakar Senegal

This work presents the results of geotechnical tests carried out in the laboratory on specimens of Quaternary olivine basanites from the Cap-Vert peninsula of Dakar. The samples were taken following geotechnical investigations in the Fann-PE, Mermoz-Ouakam, Yoff and Ngor areas respectively. The results obtained show a dry density between 20.45 and 29.30 kN/m3 which corresponds to medium to high density basanites. The porosity varies between 0.33% and 4.20%. For microlitic basanites, the porosity remains low, on the other hand, for micrograined basanites;a slight increase in porosity is noticed. As for the methylene blue adsorption test value measured, it is between 0.25 and 1.10. The uniaxial compression strength (Rc) and Young’s modulus (E) vary respectively from 12.19 MPa to 41.748 MPa and from 1477.6 MPa to 7699.1 MPa. The low strength values are recorded in altered and vesicular basanites. Also, a correlation was made between uniaxial compression strength and porosity and showed a gradual decrease in strength with increasing porosity.

关键词： Quaternary Basanites Cap-Vert Peninsula of Dakar Uniaxial Compression Strength Young Modulus Porosity Dry Density The Methylene Blue Test

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Comparative Study of the Thermal Comfort of Four Materials Type Used in the Construction of a Building

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2021年第7期15卷 231-242页

作者： Daouda sawadogo Ousmane Coulibaly Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l'Environnement(LPCE) Department of PhysicsJoseph KI-ZERBO University03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso

This research work consisted in making a comparative study of the thermal comfort of four materials types used in the construction of a building.A simulation of the building with the various materials on the KoZiBu software in reference and optimized situation was carried out.A study on the sensitive and air-conditioning loads as well as the curves of temperatures on a building of type F2 in situation of reference and in optimized situation was made on the one hand and the other hand a study on the same building without air-conditioning in reference and optimized ***,the analysis of the results favorizes the choice of the material having the best thermal *** conclusions of these works show that the material that can give the best comfort and the most economics in terms of energy is the adobe which offers temperatures(301.40K or 28.40°C)and a good indoor thermal environment compared to BLT(blocks of cut laterite),BTC(blocks of compressed earth)and cinder *** built with earthen materials offer a better indoor thermal environment than those built with modern construction materials,which are used more and more in the construction of houses in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Materials thermal comfort modeling air conditioning loads sensitive loads KoZiBu

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