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Associated Factors with Early Sexual Intercourse among In-School Adolescents in Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期14卷 898-907页

作者： Aymar pierre Gildas Oko Dumez Ngoma Judicaël Kambourou Eryx Darius Mbou Essie Neli Yvette Ngakengni Lynda Tchidjo Ngamo Georges Marius Moyen Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Pediatrics Teaching Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Background: Early sexual intercourse (ESI) is a global public health problem. In Congo, associated factors with ESI have been under-studied. Objective: To analyse factors associated with early sexual intercourse among in-school adolescents in Brazzaville. Method: A cross-sectional analytic study with three-stage random sampling was carried out from March 2 to June 2, 2022 in Brazzaville secondary and high schools. Adolescents in the selected schools were interviewed about their sexual and social behaviour, and their family and school environment. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with ESI. The significance level of the p-value was set at 5% and the confidence interval at 95%. Results: Of a total of 1100 adolescents surveyed, 800 (72.7%) had ESI, 98% of them were female. The main reason for early initiation of sexual intercourse was curiosity (81.8%). Non-use of condoms and multiple sexual partnerships were noted respectively in 98.7% and 68.7% of adolescents who had experienced ESI. Female gender (p Conclusion: The prevalence of ESI is high, and the factors identified in this study may help to reduce it.

关键词： Associated Factors Early Sex Adolescents Brazzaville

A Review on Complex System Engineering

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第6期33卷 1755-1784页

作者： PARREND pierre COLLET pierre ECAM Strasbourg-Europe 2Rue de MadridSchiltigheimFrance University of Strasbourg StrasbourgFrance

Complexity is commonly summarized as‘the actions of the whole are more than the sum of the actions of the parts’.Understanding how the coherence emerges from these natural and artificial systems provides a radical shift in the process of thought,and brings huge promises for controlling and fostering this *** authors define the term‘Complex System Engineering’to denote this approach,which aims at transferring the radical insights from Complex System Science to the pragmatic world of engineering,especially in the Computing System Engineering domain.A theoretical framework for Complex System Engineering is built by the morphogenetic engineering framework,which identifies a graduation of models,in growing order of generative *** implementation of Complex System Engineering requires a portfolio of operational solutions:The authors therefore provide a classification of Complex System application approaches to answer this challenge and support the emergence of Complex System Engineers capable of addressing the issues of an ever more connected world.

关键词： Complex networks complex software engineering complex systems design structure matrix emergent engineering evolutionary algorithms organically grown architectures

Resistant Pulmonary TB-HIV Co-Infection in an Infant: About a Case

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 420-425页

作者： Mariam Maiga pierre Togo Tati Simaga Mariam Traoré Moussa Konaté Mamadou Diallo Alou Samaké Mamadou Keïta Korotoumou Wélé Diallo Djibril Kassogué Pediatrics Department Distric VI Reference Health Center Bamako Mali Paediatrics Department Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Pediatrics Department Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Paediatrics Department Timbuktu Regional Hospital Bamako Mali

Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is difficult, especially in resource-limited countries where the number of reported cases of TB-HIV co-infection continues to rise. This co-infection poses a diagnostic and therapeutic problem for caregivers. We report a case of rifampicin-resistant HIV-TB pulmonary coinfection in a 19-month-old infant.

关键词： Tuberculosis Rifampicin Resistance HIV Infants

Biodiversity of Edible Caterpillars of Imbrasia and Host Plants in Boukoko (Central African Republic)

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第1期12卷 38-55页

作者： Lucie Aba-Toumnou Solange-Patrica wango Denis Beina Jean-pierre Moalbaye Gorgon Igor Touckia Rufin Reo-Ndouba Felix Allah-Barem Olga Diane Yongo Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development Faculty of Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology and Biodiversity University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Center of Studies and Research on Pharmacopoeia and Traditional African Medicine (CERPHAMETA) University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Plant and Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory Faculty of Science University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Higher Institute for Rural Development (ISDR) University of Bangui Mba&iumlki Central African Republic Central African Republic Institute of Agriculture Research Bangui Central African Republic

In Central African Republic, edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender are income of rural populations, present an opportunity to improve food security and belonging to the category of Non-wood forest products. The goal of this study is to document the ecology of caterpillars of genre Imbrasia in relation to its host plants in Boukoko. The questionnaire was addressed to the actors of the collection and consumption of caterpillars in this Commune, to their local knowledge concerning this food resource as well as the plants of their locality on which caterpillars are collected. The survey took place in September to October 2022 and as a general rule, the 120 respondents were elderly people whose age range varied from 35 to 70 years old. Plant samples are collected in their natural environment. Based on local names;herbaria are mounted, plants photographed and samples collected. The types of edible caterpillars have been inventoried in the field in collaboration with the local populations who consume them. Based on local names, the caterpillars are captured manually from morphological traits and then stored in bottles containing 70% ethanol. The specimens were identified. The data was entered into the Excel spreadsheet which also made it possible to produce histograms with the frequencies of the plant species most valued by the different caterpillars. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then performed using R software to highlight the correlation between caterpillars and host plants. The main economic importance trees hosting edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender in Boukoko region are: Entandrophragma cylindricum, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Maesopsis eminii, Albizia ferruginea, Macaranga spinosa, Amphimas ferrugineus, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Racosperma auriculiforme, Eribroma oblonga. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) carried out to assess the variability between the different species of caterpillars according to their host plants shows that the first two axes

关键词： Forest Degradation Losing Biodiversity of Consumed Insects Local Population

Massive Epistaxis Revealing a Post-Traumatic Aneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery: A Clinical Case and Review of the Literature

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第2期13卷 120-125页

作者： Yannick Mossus Maguy Mbede Roger Meva’a Biouélé Leonel Atanga Adèle-Rose Ngo Nyeki pierre Ongolo Zogo François Djomou Alexis Ndjolo Department of Ophthalmology ENT and Stomatology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Medical Imaging Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms are an unusual but serious cause of epistaxis. This epistaxis is massive and sometimes uncontrollable threatening the vital prognosis of patients. We report the case of a 16-year-old adolescent received in emergency with severe bilateral epistaxis, asthenia and grade-3 left exophthalmos. In his history, the subject had been the victim of an assault six months before consultation. He had received blows on the cephalic extremity with light but repeated epistaxis. The treatment consisted to blood products transfusion and local compression by sterile gazes. An ICA aneurysm in sphenoid sinus has been confirmed in a craniofacial CT scan coupled to vascular opacification. Although the ICA has a variable course in contact with the sphenoid sinus, massive epistaxis would be the consequence of a pronounced dehiscence of the ICA in the sphenoid sinus, particularly in a traumatic context. In front of this type of epistaxis in our context, general practitioners must be able to suspect a ruptured ICA aneurysm in the presence of exophthalmos and a notion of old or recent cranio-encephalic injury. Additionally, due to the high morbidity and mortality of this condition, a monitoring algorithm is necessary for patients with head trauma to facilitate early detection.

关键词： Aneurysm Internal Carotid Artery Head Trauma Epistaxis

Postoperative Complications in the General Surgery Department of the Cs Ref of Commune I of the District of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第6期15卷 409-419页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake Hamidou Dembele Lamine Diarra Issaka Togola Modibo Sanogo Modibo Dembele Bakary Tientigui Traore Alhassane Togo Adégné pierre Kante Lassana Department of General Surgery Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako Bamako Mali Directorate of Social and Health Services of the Armies Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery CHU Gabriel Tour Bamako Mali

Postoperative complications represent important indicators for the quality of surgical care. The objectives of this work were to study post-operative complications in the general surgery department of the Cs ref of commune I in Mali, to determine the frequency of post-operative complications, to identify the factors of occurrence, to describe the clinical aspects, diagnostic and therapeutic in order to assess the additional cost linked to post-operative complications. This study was prospective, carried out in the general surgery department on 300 cases of surgical interventions. It covered all patients aged at least 15 years, operated on and hospitalized or not, and who presented complications during the 30 days postoperatively. Patients under the age of 15 were not included (our general surgery department is not a pediatric surgery department). We collected 300 patients among whom 199 (66.33%) were men and 101 (33.66%) women, i.e. a sex ratio = 1.9. The average age was 38 years with extremes of 15 and 87 years. The main initial diagnoses were: acute appendicitis, peritonitis, occlusions, wall hernias, hemorrhoids, uterine prolapse, uterine myomas, ovarian cysts and acute cholecystitis. Emergencies represented 43% (N = 129) of interventions with 6.98% post-operative complications (POC). Postoperative complications were dominated by surgical site infections, 75% of cases (N = 20), wall hemorrhage 5% (N = 1), testicular necrosis 5% (N = 1) and testicular calcification 5% (N = 1), wire rejection 5% (N = 1) and death 5% (N = 1). The management of postoperative complications was surgical in 95% and medical in 100%. Their occurrence extended the hospital stay by 3.65 days and increased the average cost of care by 60541.85 CFA francs. The mortality index lowered by efficient management of complications (IMAGE) calculated in relation to deaths was 95% of cases. Anemia, ASA score ≥ III, Alteimeir II and IV classes, duration of surgery and post-operative hospitalization were

关键词： Complications Post Opératoires Chirurgie Cs Ref CI Bamako Mali

What May Future Electricity Markets Look Like?

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第3期11卷 705-713页

作者： pierre Pinson Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonU.K Department of Technology Management and EconomicsTechnical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby IEEE

Should the organization,design and functioning of electricity markets be taken for granted?Definitely *** decades of evolution of electricity markets in countries that committed early to restructure their electric power sector made us believe that we may have found the right and future-proof model,the substantially and rapidly evolving context of our power and energy systems is challenging this idea in many ***,that situation brings both challenges and *** include accommodation of renewable energy generation,decentralization and support to investment,while opportunities are mainly that advances in technical and social sciences provide us with many more options in terms of future market *** here take a holistic point of view,by trying to understand where we are coming from with electricity markets and where we may be *** electricity markets should be made fit for purpose by considering them as a way to organize and operate a socio-techno-economic system.

关键词： Digitalization electricity markets mechanism design optimization renewable energy

Factors associated with decreased compliance after on-site extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation for acute respiratory distress syndrome:A retrospective,observational cohort study

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 194-201页

作者： Sylvain Le Pape Florent Joly François Arrivé Jean-pierre Frat Maeva Rodriguez Maïa Joos Laura Marchasson Mathilde wairy Arnaud WThille Rémi Coudroy Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers Service de Médecine Intensive RéanimationPoitiersFrance INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402 IS-ALIVE Research GroupUniversitéde PoitiersPoitiersFrance

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)for acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is systematically associated with decreased respiratory system compliance(CRS).It remains unclear whether transportation to the referral ECMO center,changes in ventilatory mode or settings to achieve ultra-protective ventilation,or the natural evolution of ARDS drives this change in respiratory ***,we assessed the precise moment when CRS decreases after ECMO cannulation and identified factors associated with decreased *** To rule out the effect of transportation and the different modes of ventilation on CRS,we conducted a retrospective,single-center,observational cohort study from January 2013 to May 2020,on 22 patients with severe ARDS requiring on-site ECMO and ventilated in pressure-controlled mode to achieve ultra-protective *** was assessed at different time points ranging from 12 h before ECMO cannulation to 72 h after ECMO *** primary outcome was the relative change in CRS between 3 h before and 3 h after ECMO *** secondary outcomes included variables associated with the relative changes in CRS within the first 3 h after ECMO cannulation and the relative changes in CRS at each time *** CRS decreased within the first 3 h after ECMO cannulation(−28.3%,95%confidence interval[CI]:−38.8 to−17.9,Pwas mild before and after these first 3 h after ECMO *** achieve ultra-protective ventilation,respiratory rate decreased in the mean by–13 breaths/min(95%CI:−15 to−11)and driving pressure by−8.3 cmH2O(95%CI:−11.2 to−5.3),resulting in decreased tidal volume by−3.3 mL/kg of predicted body weight(95%CI:−3.9 to−2.6)as compared to before ECMO cannulation(P<0.001 for all).Plateau pressure reduction,driving pressure reduction,and tidal volume reduction were significantly associated with decreased CRS after ECMO cannulation,whereas neither respiratory rate,positive end-expiratory pr

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndrome Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Driving pressure Respiratory compliance

Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Inguinal Hernia in Children in the General Surgery Department of Reference Health Center in Commune I of Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 54-63页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake Hamidou Simpara Mama Diarra Issaka Sanogo Modibo Sidibe Souleymane Togola Modibo Dembele Bakary Tientigui Coulibaly Yacaria Togo pierre Adégné Kante Lassana Department of General Surgery the Reference Health Center of Commune I Bamako Mali Directorate of Social Health Service the Armed Forces of Mali Bamako Mali Department of Pediatric Surgery Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Pediatric Surgery Gabriel TOURE University Hospital Bamako Mali

Inguinal hernia in children is a congenital pathology in children linked to the persistence of the peritoneo-vaginal canal in children and the NüCK canal in girls;persisting into adulthood. This work aimed to study inguinal hernia in children in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of the Bamako District;to determine the frequency of inguinal hernia;describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of inguinal hernias and in order to evaluate the cost of treatment. This was a prospective study from April 2017 to March 2018 during which 60 children with an inguinal hernia were collected. Inguinal hernias in children represented 9.23% of patients operated on in the department. The average age was 59.23 months with extremes of one month and 180 months and a standard deviation of 49.23 years. The male sex was dominant with a sex ratio equal to 9:1. The notion of prematurity was found in 11.7% and was associated with a testicle not in place in 1.7% of cases. 41.7% of our patients were referred by a doctor and 66.7% of patients presented with painless, intermittent inguino-scrotal swelling (83.3% of cases). The hernia was discovered before one week of life in 50% of cases. Inguinal swelling was absent in 11.7% but observed intraoperatively. The inguinal hernia was unilateral in 91.7% of cases and 70% of hernias were discovered by the parents during pushing efforts. The inguinal hernia was located on the right in 61.7% of cases. The hernia swelling was soft, painless, impulsive and reducible in 78.3% of cases. The swelling was inguino-scrotal in 58.3% of cases. The hernia was simple in 95% of patients and hernial strangulation was observed in 3 cases or 5% of cases. 98.3% of patients were ASA I. The treatment was carried out openly in all our patients including closure of the vaginal peritoneal canal in 95% of cases under general anesthesia in 98.3% of cases. The morbidity rate was 8.4% (surgical site infection: 6.7% of ca

关键词： Inguinal Hernia Child Surgery Cs Ref C I Bamako Mali