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作者： lebrun pierre 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the key factors influencing cooperative possibilities in SinoEuropean relations to identify constraining elements of their relations in *** this analysis are presented the policies and environments surrounding each national space ***’s innovation and development in space science have been developed by know-how after the ColdWar era and the nation is now close to become a leader in space-science,resulting into behavioral changes among other nations in *** thesis analyzes the relationship between governments and the socioeconomic benefits for both parties realizing a cooperation,including cost sharing,innovation and *** methodology consists of a case-study analysis and in-depth interviews to obtain reliable data and compare them with past results.A total of 12 indepth interviews have been conducted among decision influencers of space programs: Joint cooperation programs,private entities and *** respondents participated in spacerelated activities and expressed their knowledge about space ***,the results exposed the constraining elements of Sino-European relations in space-related *** security development remains a major constraint affecting their cooperative *** conclusion this thesis argues that transnational threats can provide a good scope for strengthened Sino-European relations in space-related ***,global threats such as climate change and space-debris modify the international structure of States,supporting a double-need for international *** research hopes to provide a clear insight of the relationships between European economies and China as the Chinese space programs evolve quickly.

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Fighting Poor Quality Medicines: Development, Transfer and Validation of Generic HPLC Methods for Analyzing Two WHO Recommended Antimalarial Tablets

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第2期6卷 127-144页

作者： Jérémie Kindenge Mbinze Achille Yemoa pierre lebrun pierre-Yves Sacré Védaste Habyalimana Nicodème Kalenda André Bigot Eugène Atindehou Philippe Hubert Roland Djang’eing’a Marini University of Liege (ULg) Department of Pharmacy CIRM Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Li&egrave ge Belgium Laboratoire d’Analyse des Mé dicaments D&eacute partement de Galé nique et d’Analyse des Mé dicaments Universit&eacute de Kinshasa Kinshasa XI Democratic Republic of Congo UFR Pharmacie Facult&eacute des Sciences de Santé Universit&eacute d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou B&eacute nin Rwanda Biomedical Center Medical Procurement and Production Division Butare Rwanda Université Fé lix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

As serious but neglected public health problems, poor quality medicines, i.e. for antimalarial medicines, urged to be fought. One of the approaches is to consider the analytical chemistry and separative techniques. In this study, a generic liquid chromatographic method was firstly developed for the purpose of screening 8 antimalarial active ingredients, namely amodiaquine (AQ), piperaquine (PPQ), sulfalene (SL), pyrimethamine (PM), lumefantrine (LF), artesunate (AS), artemether (AM) and dihydroartemisinine (DHA) by applying DoE/DS optimization strategy. Since the method was not totally satisfying in terms of peak separation, further experiments were undergone applying the same development strategy while splitting the 8 ingredients into five groups. Excellent prediction was observed prior to correlation between retention times of predicted and observed separation conditions. Then, a successful geometric transfer was realized to reduce the analysis time focusing on the simultaneous quantification of two WHO’s recommended ACTs in anti-malarial fixed-dose combination (AM-LF and AS-AQ) in tablets. The optimal separation was achieved using an isocratic elution of methanol-ammonium formate buffer (pH 2.8;10 mM) (82.5:17.5, v/v) at 0.6 ml/min through a C18 column (100 mm × 3.5 mm, 3.5 μm) thermostated at 25℃. After a successful validation stage based on the total error approach, the method was applied to determine the content of AM/LF or AS/AQ in seven brands of antimalarial tablets currently marketed in West, Central and East Africa. Satisfying results were obtained compared to the claimed contents.

关键词： Antimalarial ACT Simultaneous Determination Poor Quality Substances Design of Experiments Design Space Method Transfer Accuracy Profile

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