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Farmers’ Knowledge and Perceptions of the Effects of Climate Variability and Pollution on Crop Production and Their Varying Adaptation Strategies in The Gambia

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第3期13卷 543-566页

作者： pierre anthony mendy Mawa Kone Ado Baba Ahmed Sidat Yaffa Alpha Kargbo Afua Amponsah Amankwah Kossi-Messan Jacques Agboka Blessing Chinomso Okorie Assan Sowe Echene Jatta Department of Physical and Natural Sciences School of Arts & Sciences University of The Gambia Banjul The Gambia West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) Department of Biosciences Universit Flix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences University of The Gambia Banjul The Gambia School of Education University of The Gambia Banjul The Gambia Department of Sociology and Social Work College of Humanities and Social Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Crop and livestock production is critical to food security in The Gambia. Over the years, the country has experienced a reduced yield due to perceived climate change events with limited studies on how climate change and pollution affect crop production. This study assesses farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of the effects of climate variability and pollution on crop production and their varying adaptation strategies in The Gambia. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study. The sample size for quantitative data collection was calculated as 432 while the qualitative data involves both the focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The focus group discussions comprised two districts in each of the six agricultural regions and two farming communities engaged in crop production were chosen from each district. Furthermore, eight key informant interviews from relevant institutions were conducted. The study shows that The Gambia is highly vulnerable to extreme climatic events. Although most farmers opined that agricultural land contamination emanates from farm runoff and indiscriminate waste dumping, they had little knowledge of heavy metal pollution and bioremediation. The results showed that farmers experienced constraints such as inadequate access to credit, water, and irrigation facilities, insufficient access to efficient inputs, salt intrusion, etc. which threatened food security. The study concludes that crop farmers acknowledged the existence and impacts of climate change, and therefore recommend the availability and affordability of climate change resilient crops and promote variability awareness campaigns to address climate change impacts in The Gambia.

关键词： Climate Change Extreme Weather Vulnerability Risks Hazards Adaptation Strategies

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Phenotypical Aspects of a Familial Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 168-173页

作者： Irma Eneida Dos Santos Joseph Matar Mass Ndiaye Mariama Diambone Badji Alioune Abdoulaye Ndongo Gerauld Akpo Jean pierre Diagne Gabriel Karold mendy Mouhamed Attye Aboubacry Sadikh Sow Elhadji Amadou Ba Paule Aida Ndoye Roth Ophthalmology Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Radiological Imaging Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Ophthalmology Department of Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal

Aim: To report a familial case of syndromic retinitis pigmentosa identified at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar and to describe their clinical characteristics ophthalmic. Observation: We report a sibling group of nine children, four died at a young age from unknown causes. Three children were affected by retinitis pigmentosa, two cases were syndromic. A history of nyctalopia was found in all three affected children. The mean age of onset of decreased visual acuity was 6.6 years. Patient 1 affected by syndromic retinitis pigmentosa had an extraocular sign of cystic dilation of the main bile duct. Patient 2 had myoclonic epilepsy, psychomotor retardation, and the molar tooth sign on cerebral MRI (highly suggestive of Joubert syndrome). The third child had isolated retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmological examinations (fundus examination, electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials) and pediatric examinations in the remaining two children were normal. Discussion and Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa is a rare degenerative disease that can be associated with several other malformations, highlighting the importance of screening for associated conditions. It presents a grim functional prognosis and a life prognosis dependent on extraocular manifestations. Molecular biology (karyotyping, next-generation sequencing) could have identified the implicated genes and allowed for a formal diagnosis and genetic counseling.

关键词： Retinitis Pigmentosa Syndromic Heredity Ciliopathy

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Numerical Approach of Network Problems in Optimal Mass Transportation

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第5期3卷 457-466页

作者： Lamine Ndiaye Babacar Mbaye Ndiaye pierre mendy Diaraf Seck Laboratory of Mathematics of Decision and Numerical Analysis (LMDAN) FASEG University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Unité Mixte Internationale UMMISCO Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Bondy France

In this paper, we focus on the theoretical and numerical aspects of network problems. For an illustration, we consider the urban traffic problems. And our effort is concentrated on the numerical questions to locate the optimal network in a given domain (for example a town). Mainly, our aim is to find the network so as the distance between the population position and the network is minimized. Another problem that we are interested is to give an numerical approach of the Monge and Kantorovitch problems. In the literature, many formulations (see for example [1-4]) have not yet practical applications which deal with the permutation of points. Let us mention interesting numerical works due to E. Oudet begun since at least in 2002. He used genetic algorithms to identify optimal network (see [5]). In this paper we introduce a new reformulation of the problem by introducing permutations . And some examples, based on realistic scenarios, are solved.

关键词： Optimal Mass Transportation Network Urban Traffic Monge-Kantorovich Problem Global Optimization

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Fabrication of electrically contacted plasmonic Schottky nanoantennas on silicon

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Chinese Optics Letters 2018年第5期16卷 27-32页

作者： Mohammad Alavirad anthony Olivieri Langis Roy pierre Berini Department of Electronics Carleton University Centre for Research in Photonics University of Ottawa Department of Electrical Computer and Software EngineeringUniversity of Ontario Institute of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Ottawa Department of Physics University of Ottawa

We fabricate Schottky contact photodetectors based on electrically contacted Au nanoantennas on p-Si for the plasmonic detection of sub-bandgap photons in the optical communications wavelength range. Based on a physical model for the internal photoemission of hot carriers, photons coupled onto the Au nanoantennas excite resonant plasmons, which decay into energetic ＂hot＂ holes emitted over the Schottky barrier at the Au/p-Si interface, resulting in a photocurrent. In our device, the active Schottky area consists of Au/p-Si contact and is very small, whereas the probing pad for external electrical interconnection is larger but consists of Au/Ti/p-Si contact having a comparatively higher Schottky barrier, thus producing negligible photo and dark *** describe fabrication that involves an electron-beam lithography step overlaid with photolithography. This highly compact component is very promising for applications in high-density Si photonics.

关键词： Si Ti Fabrication of electrically contacted plasmonic Schottky nanoantennas on silicon

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Phenotypical Aspects of a Familial Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology（眼科学期刊） 2024年第2期 168页

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Recent advances in the management of rectal cancer: No surgery, minimal surgery or minimally invasive surgery

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第6期9卷 139-148页

作者： Joseph M Plummer pierre-anthony Leake Matthew R Albert Department of Surgery Radiology Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University of the West Indies Center for Colon and Rectal Surgery De-partment of Colon and Rectal Surgery Florida Hospital

Over the last decade,with the acceptance of the need for improvements in the outcome of patients affected with rectal cancer,there has been a significant increase in the literature regarding treatment options available to patients affected by this *** treatment related decisions should be made at a high volume multidisciplinary tumor board,after pre-operative rectal magnetic resonance imaging and the importance of total mesorectal excision(TME)are accepted standard of *** controversial is the emerging role for watchful waiting rather than radical surgery in complete pathologic responders,which may be appropriate in 20%of *** with early T1 rectal cancers and favorable pathologic features can be cured with local excision only,with transanal minimal invasive surgery(TAMIS)because of its versatility and almost universal availability of the necessary equipment and skillset in the average laparoscopic surgeon,emerging as the leading *** trials have raised concerns about the oncologic outcomes of the standard"top-down"TME hence transanal TME(Ta TME"bottom-up")approach has gained popularity as an *** challenges are many,with a dearth of evidence of the oncologic superiority in the long-term for any given ***,this review highlights recent advances in the role of chemoradiation only for complete pathologic responders,TAMIS for highly selected early rectal cancer patients and Ta TME as options to improve cure rates whilst maintaining quality of life in these patients,while we await the results of further definitive trials being currently conducted.

关键词： Rectal cancer Watchful waiting Transanal minimal invasive surgery Transanal total mesorectal excision

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Flow fields and particle trajectories beneath a tidal bore:A numerical study

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第3期33卷 351-370页

作者： Adrien Berchet Bruno Simon anthony Beaudoin pierre Lubin Germain Rousseaux Serge Huberson Institut Pprime Université de Bordeaux

Tidal bores may appear in some estuaries when the tides quickly reach a high level. This phenomenon is rare but has a strong impact during its short duration: i.e. the river bed is significantly eroded and sediments are then transported. In this paper, the trajectories of suspended particles induced by this flow are numerically studied. Four undular bores with Froude numbers between 1.1 and 1.2 are *** similar Froude numbers, various initial flow conditions were selected to produce or not an inversion of the flow direction during the bore passage. The particle trajectories associated with each distinct flow configuration are presented and analyzed. These trajectories, estimated by solving the Maxey-Riley equation, appear to be very different even though the Froude numbers of flows are *** observations are important because the Froude number is often used to characterize a tidal bore as it describes well the free surface, however, it cannot describe the sediment transport. Finally, Chen’s model of wave-current interactions is adapted to fit the cases studied and is applied to the four bores simulated. The results highlight that this latter model can reproduce the observed trajectories and dissociate their different components. From this model, it is shown that the inertial and Basset history effects can be neglected compared to the gravity and flow entrainment effects due to the viscous drag when one wants to determine the long-term trajectories of suspended particles.

关键词： Tidal bores Sediment transport Trajectories Physical modeling Numerical modeling

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Chemical characterization of fine and ultrafine PM, direct and indirect genotoxicity of PM and their organic extracts on pulmonary cells

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 168-178页

作者： Sylvain Billet Yann Landkocz Perrine J. Martin anthony Verdin Frederic Ledoux Capucine Lepers Veronique Andre Fabrice Cazier Francois Sichel Pirouz Shirali pierre Gosset Dominique Courcot University of the Littoral Opal Coast Unit of Environmental Chmistry and Interactions with Liuing Organisms UCEIV EA4492 SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 Dunkerque France Normandy Uniu UNICAEN ABTE EA4651 Caen France University of the Littoral Opal Coast Common Centre of Measurements CCM Dunkerque France Centre Francois Baclesse Caen France Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytologly Saint-Vincent Hospital Catholic Hospital Lille France

Particulate matter in ambient air constitutes a complex mixture of fine and ultrafine particles composed of various chemical compounds including metals, ions, and organics. A multidisciplinary approach was developed by studying physico-chemical characteristics and mechanisms involved in the toxicity of particulate atmospheric pollution. PM0.3-2.s and PM2.5 including ultrafine particles were sampled in Dunkerque, a French industrialized seaside city. PM samples were characterized from a chemical and toxicological point of view. Physico-chemical characterization evidenced that PM2.5 comes from several sources： natural ones, such as soil resuspension and marine sea-salt emissions, as well as anthropogenic ones, such as shipping traffic, road traffic, and industrial activities. Human BEAS-2B tung cells were exposed to PM0.3-2.5, or to the Extractable Organic Matter （EOM） of PM0.3-2.5 and PM2.s. These exposures induced several mechanisms of action implied in the genotoxicity, such as oxidative DNA adducts and DNA Damage Response. The toxicity of PM-EOM was higher for the sample including the ultrafine fraction （PM2.5） containing also higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These results evidenced the major role of organic compounds in the toxicity of PM.

关键词： Air pollution particulate matter PM2.5 Ultrafine particles Physico-chemical characterization Biotransformation Genotoxicity

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Design of a Multimodal Light Sheet Optical System for Multivariate Applications in Phytopathology

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2021年第5期11卷 110-120页

作者： Mama Sangare Mathieu Hebert anthony Cazier pierre Chavel Institut des Sciences Appliquées Université des Sciences Techniques et Technologies de Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Laboratoire Hubert Curien Institut d’Optique Graduate School Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne Université de Lyon CNRS Saint-Etienne France

The design of optical instruments is an active subject due to improvement in lens techniques, fabrication technology, and data handling capacity. Much remains to do to expand its application to phytopathology, which would be in particular quite useful to improve crop growth monitoring in countries like Mali. An optical multimodal system for plant samples has been developed to improve the characterization of leaf disease symptoms, provide information on their effects, and avoid their spread. Potentially inexpensive components (laser, lens, turntables camera and sample, filter, lens, camera and computer) have been selected, assembled and aligned on an optical table into a multimodal system operating in transmission, reflection, diffusion and fluorescence. The illumination and observation angles can be adjusted to optimize viewing conditions in the four modes. This scientific contribution has been an initiation into the design and implementation of an optical instrument. Initial results are shown and will now be extended in cooperation with agronomic laboratories in African countries for tests on specific plant diseases in relation with prevailing climate conditions.

关键词： Design Optical System Light Sheet Multimodal Multivariate Phytopathology

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GEOEssential–mainstreaming workflows from data sources to environment policy indicators with essential variables

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第2期13卷 322-338页

作者： anthony Lehmann Stefano Nativi Paolo Mazzetti Joan Maso Ivette Serral Daniel Spengler Aidin Niamir Ian McCallum pierre Lacroix Petros Patias Denisa Rodila Nicolas Ray Grégory Giuliani enviroSPACE Institute for Environmental SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Dpt.F.-A.Forel for Environment and Water Sciences Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland National Research Council of Italy–Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research Sesto Fiorentino(FI)Italy CREAF Grumets research group CREAF.Edifici C.Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Remote Sensing Section Helmholtz Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for GeosciencesPotsdamGermany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute Senckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungFrankfurt am MainGermany International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis LaxenburgAustria GRID-Geneva Institute for Environmental SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland School of Surveying Engineering Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece GeoHealth Group Institute of Global HealthFaculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

When defining indicators on the environment,the use of existing initiatives should be a priority rather than redefining indicators each *** an Information,Communication and Technology perspective,data interoperability and standardization are critical to improve data access and exchange as promoted by the Group on Earth *** is following an end-user driven approach by defining Essential Variables(EVs),as an intermediate value between environmental policy indicators and their appropriate data *** international to local scales,environmental policies and indicators are increasingly percolating down from the global to the local *** scientific business processes for the generation of EVs and related indicators can be formalized in workflows specifying the necessary logical *** this aim,GEOEssential is developing a Virtual Laboratory the main objective of which is to instantiate conceptual workflows,which are stored in a dedicated knowledge base,generating executable *** interpret and present the relevant outputs/results carried out by the different thematic workflows considered in GEOEssential(***,ecosystems,extractives,night light,and food-water-energy nexus),a Dashboard is built as a visual *** is a valuable instrument to track progresses towards environmental policies.

关键词： SDGs environmental policies essential variables earth observation knowledge base workflows virtual research environment

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