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Climate change impacts on eutrophication in the Po River(Italy):Temperature-mediated reduction in nitrogen export but no effect on phosphorus

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 148-163页

作者： Elisa Soana Maria pia Gervasio Tommaso Granata Daniela Colombo Giuseppe Castaldelli Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of FerraraVia Luigi Borsari 4644121 FerraraItaly CESI-Italian Electrical and Technical Experimental Center via Rubattino 5420134MilanoItaly

Rivers worldwide are under stress from eutrophication and nitrate pollution,but the ecological consequences overlap with climate change,and the resulting interactions may be unexpected and still *** Po River basin(northern Italy)is one of the most agriculturally productive and densely populated areas in *** remains unclear whether the climate change impacts on the thermal and hydrological regimes are already affecting nutrient dynamics and transport to coastal *** present work addresses the long-term trends(1992-2020)of nitrogen and phosphorus export by investigating both the annual magnitude and the seasonal patterns and their relationship with water temperature and discharge *** the constant diffuse and point sources in the basin,a marked decrease(-20%)in nitrogen export,mostly as nitrate,was recorded in the last decade compared to the 1990 s,while no significant downward trend was observed for *** water temperature of the Po River has warmed,with the most pronounced signals in summer(+0.13℃/year)and autumn(+0.16℃/year),together with the strongest increase in the number of warm days(+70%-80%).An extended seasonal window of warm temperatures and the persistence of low flow periods are likely to create favorable conditions for permanent nitrate removal via denitrification,resulting in a lower delivery of reactive nitrogen to the *** present results show that climate change-driven warming may enhance nitrogen processing by increasing respiratory river metabolism,thereby reducing export from spring to early autumn,when the risk of eutrophication in coastal zones is higher.

关键词： Nutrient export Eutrophication Climate change Water temperature Denitrification Po River

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MIS 5e sea surface temperature estimation;a multi-proxy approach using a marine macrofossil assemblage(Mar Piccolo,Gulf of Taranto,Southern Italy)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 327-350页

作者： Pierluigi Santagati Edoardo Perri Maria pia Bernasconi Mario Borrelli Salvatore Guerrieri Salvatore Critelli Dipartimento di Biologia Ecologia e Scienze della TerraUniversita della Calabriavia Pietro Bucci87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Ambientale Universita della Calabriavia Pietro Bucci87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly

It is reported a multi-proxy palaeoclimatic study conducted on a MIS 5e calcarenite from the Mar Piccolo Basin(MP),Gulf of Taranto(GT)(Central Mediterranean).The calcarenite returned a rich malacofauna consisting of 120 extant species,including four of the tropical Senegalese Fauna,today absent in the *** biogeographic-climatic affinity of the assemblage shows,compared to today,a double percentage of warm affinity species,while the cold affinity species are nearly equally represented,indicating a warmer but not strictly tropical *** is confirmed by the most recurring preferred SST ranges of the assemblage,indicating an average of 20℃.The skeletal compositions of five well-preserved molluscan and coral specimens were analyzed for trace elements and stable isotopes for further mean SST *** the comparison of the results of several equations available in literature,it appears that only some SST estimations are realistic,converging into similar values of,on average,20.8±0.9℃.Considering all the used proxies,the MIS 5e SST difference compared to today falls in the range 1.2—2.0℃for the GT(being a more reasonable scenario)and 2.0—2.8℃for the *** is not a firmly tropical-like SST setting as suggested by the sole Senegalese fauna,indicating at least 2.7℃—3.5℃more than today’s GT and MP,*** approximations and assumptions made for obtaining SST values with any single proxy indicate the need of a multi-proxy approach to define the best SST estimation.

关键词： MiS 5e Sea surface temperature Palaeoclimate proxy Fossil fauna Gulf of Taranto

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Female genital schistosomiasis,human papilloma virus infection,and cervical cancer in rural Madagascar:a cross sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第5期12卷 100-100页

作者： Jean-Marc Kutz pia rausche Tahinamandranto Rasamoelina Sonya Ratefiarisoa Ravo Razafindrakoto Philipp Klein Anna Jaeger Rivo Solotiana Rakotomalala Zoly Rakotomalala Bodo Sahondra Randrianasolo Sandrine McKay-Chopin Jürgen May Rapahel Rakotozandrindrainy Dewi Ismajani Puradiredja Elisa Sicuri Monika Hampl Eva Lorenz Tarik Gheit Rivo Andry Rakotoarivelo Daniela Fusco Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM) Hamburg Germany German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems Germany Centre Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) Antananarivo Madagascar Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Androva Mahajanga Madagascar Association K’OLO VANONA Antananarivo Madagascar International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Lyon France University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar Barcelona Institute for Global Health (IS Global) Barcelona Spain Köln-Hohenlind Hospital Cologne Germany University of Fianarantsoa Fianarantsoa Madagascar

Background Women’s health in resource-limited settings can benefit from the integrated management of high-burden diseases,such as female genital schistosomiasis(FGS)and human papilloma virus(HPV)-related cervical *** schistosomiasis-endemic countries such as Madagascar,data on FGS and HPV prevalence are lacking as well as preventive measures for both *** study aims to estimate the prevalence of FGS and HPV in rural Madagascar,and to examine associated risk factors to identify opportunities for improving women’s *** After initial community outreach activities,interested women aged 18-49 years were recruited consecutively in 2021 at three primary health care centers in the district of *** was detected by *** images were double-blind reviewed by two independent specialists.A Luminex bead-based assay was performed on cervical vaginal lavage specimens for HPV ***(CPR)and adjusted prevalence ratios(APR)of associations between selected factors and FGS and HPV positivity were estimated using univariable and multivariable binary Poisson regression with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results Among 500 women enrolled,302 had complete information on FGS and HPV diagnosis,and were thus eligible for *** the sample,189(62.6%,95%CI:56.9-68.1)cases of FGS were detected.A total of 129 women(42.7%,95%CI:37.1-48.5)tested positive for *** total,80 women(26.5%,95%CI:21.6-31.8)tested positive for both *** association was observed between FGS and HPV positivity,while previous pregnancy(APR=0.65,95%CI:0.43-0.78)and older age(APR=0.59,95%CI:0.42-0.81)are showing a negative association with HPV infection compared to no previous pregnancy and younger age *** The results of the study show that FGS and HPV are highly prevalent in rural *** concurrent prevalence of these two conditions requires urgent adaptations of public health strategies to improve women’s health,such as integrated

关键词： Women’s health Female genital schistosomiasis Human papilloma virus Cervical cancer Public health Madagascar

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Prevalence and risk distribution of schistosomiasis among adults in Madagascar:a cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 136-136页

作者： Sarah Katharina Gruninger Tahinamandranto Rasamoelina Rivo Andry Rakotoarivelo Anjarasoa Ravo Razafindrakoto Zaraniaina Tahiry Rasolojaona Rodson Morin Rakotozafy Patrick Richard Soloniaina Njary Rakotozandrindrainy pia rausche Cheick Oumar Doumbia Anna Jaeger Alexandre Zerbo Heidrun von Thien Philipp Klein Govert van Dam Egbert Tannich Norbert Georg Schwarz Eva Lorenz Jürgen May Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy Daniela Fusco Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg Germany German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems Germany Centre d’Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar Department of Infectious Diseases University of Fianarantsoa Andrainjato Fianarantsoa Madagascar Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar University Clinical Research Centre (UCRC) University of Sciences Technics and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Department of Parasitology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands National Reference Centre for Tropical Pathogens (NRC) Hamburg Germany Institute of Medical Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Tropical Medicine I University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany

Background The goal to eliminate the parasitic disease of poverty schistosomiasis as a public health problem is aligned with the 2030 United Nations agenda for sustainable development goals,including universal health coverage(UHC).Current control strategies focus on school-aged children,systematically neglecting *** aimed at providing evidence for the need of shifting the paradigm of schistosomiasis control programs from targeted to generalized approaches as key element for both the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem and the promotion of *** In a cross-sectional study performed between March 2020 and January 2021 at three primary health care centers in Andina,Tsiroanomandidy and Ankazomborona in Madagascar,we determined prevalence and risk factors for schistosomiasis by a semi-quantitative PCR assay from specimens collected from 1482 adult *** and multivariable logistic regression were performed to evaluate odd *** The highest prevalence of ***,*** and co-infection of both species was 59.5%,61.3%and 3.3%,in Andina and Ankazomborona *** prevalence was observed among males(52.4%)and main contributors to the family income(68.1%).Not working as a farmer and higher age were found to be protective factors for *** Our findings provide evidence that adults are a high-risk group for *** data suggests that,for ensuring basic health as a human right,current public health strategies for schistosomiasis prevention and control need to be re-addressed towards more context specific,holistic and integrated approaches.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mansoni Universal health coverage Madagascar

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Substrates of the m^(6)A demethylase FTO:FTO-LINE1 RNA axis regulates chromatin state in mESCs

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2627-2629页

作者： pia Sommerkamp European Molecular Biology Laboratory(EMBL) Meyerhofstraße 169117 HeidelbergGermany

In a recent paper published in Science,Wei et *** that long-interspersed element-1(LINE1)RNA is a key target of the N6-methyladenosine(m6A)‘eraser’fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO).The FTO-LINE1 RNA axis ... 详细信息

关键词： al. obesity FTO

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Maximizing Convergence Speed for Second Order Consensus in Leaderless Multi-Agent Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第2期9卷 259-269页

作者： Gianvito Difilippo Maria pia Fanti Agostino Marcello Mangini Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Polytechnic University of BariBari 70125Italy IEEE

The paper deals with the consensus problem in a leaderless network of agents that have to reach a common velocity while forming a uniformly spaced ***,the final common velocity(reference velocity)is determined by the agents in a distributed and leaderless ***,the consensus protocol parameters are optimized for networks characterized by a communication topology described by a class of directed graphs having a directed spanning tree,in order to maximize the convergence rate and avoid *** advantages of the optimized consensus protocol are enlightened by some simulation results and comparison with a protocol proposed in the related *** presented protocol can be applied to coordinate agents such as mobile robots,automated guided vehicles(AGVs)and autonomous vehicles that have to move with the same velocity and a common inter-space gap.

关键词： Consensus protocols directed spanning tree multiagent systems networked systems second-order consensus

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Acoustic and visual adaptations to predation risk: a predator affects communication in vocal female fish

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 149-157页

作者： Isabelle pia MAIDITSCH Friedrich LADICH Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology University of ViennaAlthanstraBe 14Vienna 1090Austria

Predation is an important ecological constraint that influences communication in *** respond to predators by adjusting their visual signaling behavior,but the responses in calling behavior in the presence of a visually detected predator are largely *** hypothesize that fish will reduce visual and acoustic signaling including sound levels and avoid escalating fights in the presence of a *** test this we investigated dyadic contests in female croaking gouramis(Trichopsis vittata,Osphronemidae)in the presence and absence of a predator(Astronotus ocella-tus,Cichlidae)in an adjoining *** behavior in *** consists of lateral(visual)displays,antiparallel circling,and production of croaking sounds and may escalate to frontal *** analyzed the number and duration of lateral display bouts,the number,duration,sound pressure level,and dominant frequency of croaking sounds as well as contest *** number and duration of lateral displays decreased significantly in predator when compared with nopredator *** number of sounds per contest dropped in parallel but no significant changes were observed in sound *** the presence of a predator,dyadic contests were decided or terminated during lateral displays and never escalated to frontal *** gouramis showed approaching behavior toward the predator between lateral *** is the first study supporting the hypothesis that predators reduce visual and acoustic signaling in a vocal *** properties,in contrast,did not *** signaling and the lack of escalating contests reduce the fish's conspicuousness and thus predation threat.

关键词： agonistic interactions antipredator behavior croaking gouramis predator inspection signaling behavior

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Mitigation measures of debris flow and landslide risk carried out in two mountain areas of North-Eastern Italy

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1808-1822页

作者： GENEVOIS Rinaldo TECCA pia Rosella GENEVOIS Clervie Padua University Vicolo Mazzini 18Padova 35137Italy CNR-IRPI Corso Stati Uniti 4Padova 35127Italy SINPRO s.r.l. Via deWArtigianato 20Vigonovo(VE)30030Italy

The design of remediation works for the mitigation and prevention of the associated risk is needed where these geological hazards affect anthropized areas. Remedial measures for landslides commonly include slope reshaping, plumbing, drainage, retaining structures and internal slope reinforcement, while debris flow control works consist in open or closed control structures. The effectiveness of the remedial works implemented must be assessed by evaluating the reduction of the risk over time. The choice of the most appropriate and cost-effective intervention must consider the type of hazard and environmental issues, and selects, wherever possible, naturalistic engineering operations that are consequently implemented according to the environmental regulations or the design and specification standards imposed by the competent public administrations. The mitigation procedures consist of five basic steps:(a) acquisition of the knowledge of the hazard process;(b) risk assessment with identification of possible disaster scenarios;(c) planning and designing of specific remedial measures to reduce and/or eliminate the potential risk;(d) slope monitoring after application of remedial measures,(e) transfer of knowledge to the stakeholders. This paper presents two case studies describing the practice for the design of the mitigation measures adopted for debris flow and active landslide sites in North-Eastern Italy. The first case study is a debris flow site, for which, based on observation of past events and numerical simulations using the software FLOW-2D, the most suitable mitigation measures were found to be the construction of a debris basin, barriers and breakers. The second case study deals with an active landslide threatening a village. Based on the landslide kinematics and the results of numerical simulations performed with the code FLAC, hard engineering remedial works were planned to reduce the driving forces with benching and by increasing the available resisting forc

关键词： Debris flows Landslides Geological hazards Mitigation measures FLO-2D FLAC

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Density of states characterization of TiO_(2) films deposited by pulsed laser deposition for heterojunction solar cells

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4048-4057页

作者： Daniele Scire Roberto Macaluso Mauro Mosca Maria pia Casaletto Olindo Isabella Miro Zeman Isodiana Crupi Department of Engineering University of PalermoViale delle ScienzeEd.9Palermo 90128Italy Institute of Nanostructured Materials(ISMN) National Research Council(CNR)Via Ugo La Malfa 153Palermo 90146Italy Photovoltaic Materials and Devices Group Delft University of TechnologyMekelweg 4Delft 2628CDthe Netherlands

The application of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))in the photovoltaic(PV)field is gaining traction as this material can be deployed in doping-free heterojunction solar cells with the role of electron selective *** modeling-based optimization of such contact,knowledge of the titanium oxide defect density of states(DOS)is *** this paper,we report a method to extract the defect density through nondestructive optical measures,including the contribution given by small polaron optical *** presence of both related to oxygen-vacancy defects and polarons is supported by the results of optical characterizations and the evaluation of previous observations resulting in a defect band fixed at 1 eV below the conduction band edge of the *** cells employing pulsed laser deposited-TiO_(2)electron selective contacts were fabricated and *** J-V curve of these cells showed,however,an S-shape,then a detailed analysis of the reasons for such behavior was carried *** use a model involving the series of a standard cell equivalent circuit with a Schottky junction in order to explain these atypical performances.A good matching between the experimental measurements and the adopted theoretical model was *** extracted parameters are listed and analyzed to shed light on the reasons behind the low-performance cells.

关键词： solar cell heterojunction photovoltaic(PV) defect density small polaron pulsed laser deposition(PLD) titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)) defects

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Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and Rare Earth Oxides can quantify diffuse and convergent soil loss and source apportionment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 633-648页

作者： pia Benaud Karen Anderson Mike R.James Timothy A.Quine John N.Quinton Richard E.Brazier CREWW GeographyFaculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUnited Kingdom Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityBailriggLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and Economy.University of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible,convergent fluvial pathways(also known as rills)and the subtle nature of the less-visible,diffuse pathways(interrill areas).The aim of this study was to use Rare Earth Oxide(REO)tracers and Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions,within a controlled laboratory *** experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion *** tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described,and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion;interrill areas were also iden-tified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion *** the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated,under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation,such as compaction,exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse *** discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and REO tagged sediment export were beneficial,identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features,even when the rill extended the full length of the soil *** combination of SfM photogrammetry and REO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry Rare Earth Oxides Tracers Sediment Rainfall simulator Sheetwash Rilling Interrill

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