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Economic analysis of atmospheric mercury emission control for coal-fired power plants in China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 125-134页

作者： Maria pia Ancora Lei Zhang Shuxiao Wang Jeremy Schreifels Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex

Coal combustion and mercury pollution are closely linked, and this relationship is particularly relevant in China, the world＇s largest coal consumer. This paper begins with a summary of recent China-specific studies on mercury removal by air pollution control technologies and then provides an economic analysis of mercury abatement from these emission control technologies at coal-fired power plants in China. This includes a cost-effectiveness analysis at the enterprise and sector level in China using 2010 as a baseline and projecting out to 2020 and2030. Of the control technologies evaluated, the most cost-effective is a fabric filter installed upstream of the wet flue gas desulfurization system（FF ＋ WFGD）. Halogen injection（HI） is also a cost-effective mercury-specific control strategy, although it has not yet reached commercial maturity. The sector-level analysis shows that 193 tons of mercury was removed in 2010 in China＇s coal-fired power sector, with annualized mercury emission control costs of 2.7 billion Chinese Yuan. Under a projected 2030 Emission Control（EC） scenario with stringent mercury limits compared to Business As Usual（BAU） scenario, the increase of selective catalytic reduction systems（SCR） and the use of HI could contribute to 39 tons of mercury removal at a cost of 3.8 billion CNY. The economic analysis presented in this paper offers insights on air pollution control technologies and practices for enhancing atmospheric mercury control that can aid decision-making in policy design and private-sector investments.

关键词： Atmospheric mercury Coal-fired power plants China Cost-effectiveness Activated carbon and halogen injection

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Monodisperse hollow silica spheres： An in-depth scattering analysis

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Nano Research 2016年第5期9卷 1366-1376页

作者： pia Ruckdeschel Martin Dulle Tobias Honold Stephan Forster Matthias Karg Markus Retsch Physical Chemistry 1 - Polymer Systems University ofBayreuth Universitatsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany Physical Chemistry 1 University of Bayreuth Universitatsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany Physical Chemistry 1 - Colloidal Systems University of Bayreuth Universitatsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany

Herein, we fabricate hollow silica nanoparticles with exceptionally narrow size distributions that inherently possess two distinct length scales-tens of nanometers with regards to the shell thickness, and hundreds of nanometers in regards to the total diameter. We characterize these structures using dynamic and static light scattering （DLS and SLS）, small angle X-ray scattering （SAXS）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and we demonstrate quantitative agreement among all methods. The ratio between the radius of gyration （SLS） and hydrodynamic radius （DLS） in these particles equals almost unity, corresponding to ideal capsule behavior. We are able to resolve up to 20 diffraction orders of the hollow sphere form factor in SAXS, indicating a narrow size distribution. Data from light and X-ray scattering can be combined to a master curve covering a q-range of four orders of magnitude assessing all hierarchical length scales of the form factor. The measured SLS intensity profiles noticeably change when the scattering contrast between the interior and exterior is altered, whereas the SAXS intensity profiles do not show any significant change. Tight control of the aforementioned length scales in one simple and robust colloidal building block renders these particles suitable as future calibration standards.

关键词： hollow sphere silica nanoparticle small angle X-ray scattering light scattering nanoscale characterization

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Postmortem imaging as a complementary tool for the investigation of cardiac death

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第3期4卷 211-222页

作者： Katarzyna Michaud pia Genet Sara Sabatasso Silke Grabherr Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneSwitzerland Geneva University Hospital University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

In the past 2 decades,modern radiological methods,such as multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT),MDCT-angiography,and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)were introduced into postmortem practice for investigation of sudden death (SD),including cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD).In forensic cases,the underlying cause of SD is most frequently cardiovascular with coronary atherosclerotic disease as the leading *** are many controversies about the role of postmortem imaging in establishing the cause of death and especially the value of minimally invasive autopsy *** paper discusses the state of the art for postmortem radiological evaluation of the heart compared to classical postmortem examination,especially in cases of *** SCD cases,postmortem CT is helpful to estimate the heart size and to visualize haemopericardium and calcified plaques and valves,as well as to identify and locate cardiovascular *** methods are useful to provide a detailed view of the coronary arteries and to analyse them,especially regarding the extent and location of stenosis and *** postsurgical cases,it allows verification and documentation of the patency of stents and bypass grafts before opening the *** MRI is used to investigate soft tissues such as the myocardium,but images are susceptible to postmortem changes and further work is necessary to increase the understanding of these radiological aspects,especially of the ischemic *** postsurgery cases,the value of postmortem imaging of the heart is reportedly for the diagnostic and documentation *** implementation of new imaging methods into routine postmortem practice is challenging,as it requires not only an investment in equipment but,more importantly,investment in the expertise of interpreting the *** those requirements are implemented,however,they bring great advantages in investigating cases of SCD,as they allow documentation of the body,ori

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic pathology sudden cardiac death postmortem imaging postmortem CT-angiography minimally invasive autopsy autopsy

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Methodological impact of starch determination on starch content and ileal digestibility of starch in grain legumes for growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 459-466页

作者： Dagmar Jezierny Rainer Mosenthin Nadja Sauer Klaus Schwadorf pia Rosenfelder-Kuon University of Hohenheim Institute of Animal ScienceEmil-Wolff-Strasse 1070599 StuttgartGermany Agricultural Analytic andResearch Institute Speyer Obere Langgasse 4067346 SpeyerGermany University of Hohenheim Core Facility HohenheimEmil-Wolff-Strasse 1270599 StuttgartGermany

Background： Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility（AID） of starch in different grain legume cultivars for pigs by means of both a polarimetric and enzymatic method for starch ***： Three experiments were conducted with six barrows each which were fitted with ileal T-cannulas. In total, 18 diets including six different cultivars of faba beans（Vicia faba L.） and peas（Pisum sativum L.）, five different cultivars of lupins（Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.）, and one diet with a soybean meal（SBM） were ***： The starch content of faba beans and peas was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） when determined polarimetrically than enzymatically（438 vs. 345 g/kg dry matter（DM） in faba beans and 509 vs. 390 g/kg DM in peas, respectively）.Considerable lower starch contents were obtained in lupins and SBM, with 82 and 48 g/kg DM（analyzed polarimetrically） and ＆lt;1.1 and 3 g/kg DM（analyzed enzymatically）, respectively. Mean values for contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and acid detergent fiber（ADF） in grain legumes ranged from 111 and 79 g/kg DM in peas to248 and 207 g/kg DM in lupins, respectively. Contents of condensed tannins in the colored flowered faba bean cultivars ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 g/kg DM. The AID of starch was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） in pea than in faba bean cultivars,and using the polarimetric starch determination method resulted in greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） digestibility values than using enzymatic starch analysis（84 vs. 80% in faba beans and 86 vs. 83% in peas）. Moreover, AID of starch differed（P ＆lt; 0.05）within pea cultivars and starch digestibility in faba beans decreased linearly（P ＆lt; 0.05） as the content of condensed tannins increased. However, there was no relationship between contents of NDF and ADF and AID of starch in pea and faba bean ***： Both contents and AID of starch in

关键词： Grain legumes Growing pigs Ileal starch digestibility Starch determination method

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Reduction in sperm aneuploidy levels in severe oligoasthenoteratospermic patients after medical therapy： a preliminary report

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第4期14卷 591-598页

作者： Giorgio Cavallini Maria Cristina Magli Andor Crippa Anna pia Ferraretti Luca Gianaroli Medicitalia Andrological Section Outpatient Clinic of Ferrara Ferrara 44100 Italy Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction Societa Italiana di Medicina della Riproduzione (SISMER) Bologna 40138 Italy Operative Unit of Assisted Reproduction Societa Italiana di Medicina della Riproduzione (SISMER) Bologna 40138 Italy

The objective of this study was to investigate whether medical therapy can reduce sperm aneuploidy levels and irfiprove the results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） in patients with severe idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia （OAT）. Thirty-three infertile couples requiring ICSI because of severe idiopathic OAT after at least one unsuccessful ICSI cycle were considered. Semen parameters （concentration, motility and morphology）, the percentage of aneuploid sperm and the results of ICSI （the number of oocytes fertilized, embryos transferred, biochemical pregnancies, clinical pregnancies and live births） were compared before and after a 3-month course of treatment with L-carnitine 1 g given twice per day＋acetyI-L-carnitine 500 mg given twice per day＋one 30-mg cinnoxicam tablet every 4 days. Aneuploidy was assessed using fluorescent in situ hybridisation （FISH） performed on chromosomes X, Y, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21 and 22. The results showed that 22 of the 33 patients had a reduced frequency of aneuploid sperm and improved sperm morphology after treatment （group 1）, and 11 showed no change （group 2）. The numbers of biochemical pregnancies, clinical pregnancies and live births were significantly higher in group I than in group 2. No significant difference was found between the groups regarding the numbers of oocytes fertilized and embryos transferred. The side effects were negligible. The numbers of ICSI pregnancies and live births in severe idiopathic OAT patients improved with a course of L-carnitine, acetyI-L-carnitine and cinnoxicam.

关键词： acetyI-L-carnitine cinnoxicam ICSl L-carnitine male infertility oligoasthenoteratospermia sperm aneuploidy

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An evaluation of intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of torsional mode versus longitudinal ultrasound mode phacoemulsification:a Meta-analysis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第6期9卷 890-897页

作者： pia Leon Ingrid Umari Alessandro Mangogna Andrea Zanei Daniele Tognetto University Eye Clinic of Trieste Ospedale MaggioreTrieste34125Italy Department of Medicine Surgery and Health SciencesUniversity of TriesteTrieste 34149Italy

AIM： To evaluate and compare the intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes of torsional mode and longitudinal mode of phacoemulsification. METHODS： Pertinent studies were identified by a computerized MEDLINE search from January 2002 to September 2013. The Meta-anaiysis is composed of two parts. In the first part the intraoperative parameters were considered： ultrasound time （UST） and cumulative dissipated energy （CDE）. The intraoperative values were also distinctly considered for two categories （moderate and hard cataract group） depending on the nuclear opacity grade. In the second part of the study the postoperative outcomes as the best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） and the endothelial cell loss （ECL） were taken in consideration. RESULTS： The UST and CDE values proved statistically significant in support of torsional mode for both moderate and hard cataract group. The analysis of BCVA did not present statistically significant difference between the two surgical modalities. The ECL count was statistically significant in support of torsional mode （P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： The Meta -analysis shows the superiority of the torsional mode for intraoperative parameters （UST, CDE） and postoperative ECL outcomes.

关键词： conventional (longitudinal) phacoemulsi-fication phacoemulsification torsional phacoemulsification

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Density of states characterization of TiO_(2) films deposited by pulsed laser deposition for heterojunction solar cells

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4048-4057页

作者： Daniele Scire Roberto Macaluso Mauro Mosca Maria pia Casaletto Olindo Isabella Miro Zeman Isodiana Crupi Department of Engineering University of PalermoViale delle ScienzeEd.9Palermo 90128Italy Institute of Nanostructured Materials(ISMN) National Research Council(CNR)Via Ugo La Malfa 153Palermo 90146Italy Photovoltaic Materials and Devices Group Delft University of TechnologyMekelweg 4Delft 2628CDthe Netherlands

The application of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))in the photovoltaic(PV)field is gaining traction as this material can be deployed in doping-free heterojunction solar cells with the role of electron selective *** modeling-based optimization of such contact,knowledge of the titanium oxide defect density of states(DOS)is *** this paper,we report a method to extract the defect density through nondestructive optical measures,including the contribution given by small polaron optical *** presence of both related to oxygen-vacancy defects and polarons is supported by the results of optical characterizations and the evaluation of previous observations resulting in a defect band fixed at 1 eV below the conduction band edge of the *** cells employing pulsed laser deposited-TiO_(2)electron selective contacts were fabricated and *** J-V curve of these cells showed,however,an S-shape,then a detailed analysis of the reasons for such behavior was carried *** use a model involving the series of a standard cell equivalent circuit with a Schottky junction in order to explain these atypical performances.A good matching between the experimental measurements and the adopted theoretical model was *** extracted parameters are listed and analyzed to shed light on the reasons behind the low-performance cells.

关键词： solar cell heterojunction photovoltaic(PV) defect density small polaron pulsed laser deposition(PLD) titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)) defects

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Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in racial and ethnic migrant groups

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第3期24卷 424-437页

作者： Ravi Misra Omar Faiz pia Munkholm Johan Burisch Naila Arebi Department of Gastroenterology St.Marks Academic Institute Surgical Epidemiology Trials and Outcome CentreSt.Marks Academic Institute Department of Gastroen-terology North Zealand University Hospital

AIM To summarise the current literature and define patterns of disease in migrant and racial *** A structured key word search in Ovid Medline and EMBASE was undertaken in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies on incidence, prevalence and disease phenotype of migrants and races compared with indigenous groups were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Individual studies showed significant differences in incidence, prevalence and disease phenotype between migrants or race and indigenous groups. Pooled analysis could only be undertaken for incidence studies on South Asians where there was significant heterogeneity between the studies [95% for ulcerative colitis(UC), 83% for Crohn's disease(CD)]. The difference between incidence rates was not significant with a rate ratio South Asian: Caucasian of 0.78(95%CI: 0.22-2.78) for CD and 1.39(95%CI: 0.84-2.32) for UC. South Asians showed consistently higher incidence and more extensive UC than the indigenous population in five countries. A similar pattern was observed for Hispanics in the United States. Bangladeshis and African Americans showed an increased risk of CD with perianal disease. CONCLUSION This review suggests that migration and race influence the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease. This may be due to different inherent responses upon exposure to an environmental trigger in the adopted country. Further prospective studies on homogenous migrant populations are needed to validate these observations, with a parallel arm for in-depth investigation of putative drivers.

关键词： Epidemiology Ethnicity Migration

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The gut-liver axis as a target of liver disease management

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第1期10卷 100-102页

作者： Claudia Mandato Anna pia Delli Bovi Pietro Vajro Department of Pediatrics AORN“Santobono-Pausilipon”NaplesItaly Pediatrics Department of Medicine and Surgery University of SalernoSalernoItaly

The interplay between the gut and liver,the so called“gut-liver axis”(GLA),plays a significant role in health and *** shown in Figure 1,the GLA is regulated by a number of equally relevant interacting factors including gut microbiota,integrity and function of the intestinal wall,antigen trafficking,mucosal innate immune response,and oxidative stress(1,2).In addition to undigested or unabsorbed food and microorganisms,the gut lumen contains also their fermentation/metabolic products,bile,mucus,and epithelial cells spontaneously exfoliated from the gastrointestinal *** latter is composed of various cell types counting immune cells,goblet cells,and enterocytes strongly connected by tight junctions and covered with a mucus layer that acts as a dynamic *** elucidation of a gut-vascular barrier(GVB)has revealed this structure to intervene to control gut bacteria and antigen translocation from the gut into the blood stream(3).Interestingly,diseases that are characterized or aggravated by impairment of the barrier function(so-called“leaky gut”)and/or particular patterns of the microbiome(e.g.,a lack of balance between Bacteroides and Firmicutes)are not restricted to the intestinal tract and *** relevant examples are represented by diabetes type 1,familial Mediterranean fever,obesity,cardiovascular disease,decreased bone-mass density,autism,dysregulation of immune response and systemic allergic diseases(1).

关键词： Figure gut latter

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Gastric carcinoids:Between underestimation and overtreatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第18期15卷 2177-2183页

作者： Sara Massironi Valentina Sciola Matilde pia Spampatti Maddalena Peracchi Dario Conte Gastroenterology UnitⅡ Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMangiagalli e Regina Elenaand Postgraduate School of GastroenterologyUniversity of Milan20122 MilanItaly

Gastric carcinoids(GCs),which originate from gastric enterochromaffin-like(ECL) mucosal cells and account for 2.4% of all carcinoids,are found increasingly in the course of upper gastrointestinal tract *** nosography includes those occurring in chronic conditions with hypergastrinemia,as the type 1 associated with chronic atrophic gastritis,and the type 2 associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1,and type 3,which is unrelated to hypergastrinemia and is frequently malignant,with distant *** optimal clinical approach to GCs remains to be elucidated,depending upon type,size and number of *** there is agreement concerning the treatment of type 3 carcinoids,for types 1 and 2,current possibilities include simple surveillance,endoscopic polypectomy,surgical excision,associated or not with surgical antrectomy,or total ***,the recent introduction of somatostatin analogues represents a therapeutic option of possibly outstanding relevance.

关键词： Gastric carcinoids Endocrine tumors Well-differentiated tumors Hypergastrinemia Chronicatrophic gastritis Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Multipleendocrine neoplasia tupe 1 Enterochromaffin-like cells

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