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Use of Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy for Node Positive Breast Cancer Does Not Result in Excess Lung and Heart Irradiation

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2017年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： phillip prior Irina Sparks J. Frank Wilson Joseph Bovi Adam Currey Julie Bradley Tracy Kelly X. Allen Li Julia R White Department of Radiation Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA Department of Radiation Oncology Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

Purpose: This work evaluates the use of target and organs at risk (OAR) dose-volume goals in 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) planning for node positive breast cancer (NPBC) patients undergoing regional nodal irradiation after lumpectomy/mastectomy. Methods: Dosimetric data for 262 NPBC patients receiving regional nodal and whole breast/chest wall (WB/CW) irradiation from 2000-2009 were analyzed. In all cases, target & OAR volumes were delineated on treatment CT scans for field generation and dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were generated. Cases were analyzed to identify how frequently they met treatment planning institutional dose-volume goals (“institutional guidelines” & standardized in 2005) and how this would affect OAR doses. Results: The incidence of cases from 2000-2009 meeting current institutional guidelines improved over the study period. Target coverage improved from 2005-2009, when guidelines were followed as a part of the plan approval. Those cases from 2000-2004 meeting acceptable target goals were found to be significantly different from those cases from 2005-2009 (p < 0.01). However, no significant difference between cases meeting OAR goals for plans from 2000-2004 versus 2005-2009 was found. Conclusions: The use of institutional guidelines in 3DCRT for WB/CW and regional nodal irradiation for NPBC patients improved target coverage without a statistically significant increase in heart and lung doses.

关键词： Node Positive Breast Cancer Dose-Volume Goals Target Coverage CT Based Planning

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Making the case for the evolving role of social media in health professions education and a literature review on the application of some in ophthalmology

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第2期9卷 1-11页

作者： Helena prior Filipe Mila Kostic Mildred Lopez Karl Golnik West Lisbon Hospitals Center Hospital Egas MonizLisbonPortugal Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research LisbonPortugal Continuing Education and Development in Health Professions RichboroPAUSA Coordinación de Educación en Salud Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS)Mexico CityMexico Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixAZUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in *** study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in *** key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational ***:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of ***,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past *** Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning *** integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning *** consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within ***:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational *** literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology *** advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.

关键词： Social media(SoMe) health professions education(HPE) active learning social learning technology enhanced learning

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Is magnesium deficiency the major cause of needle chlorosis of Pinus taeda in Brazil?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 209-221页

作者： Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta Shizuo Maeda Valdécio dos Santos dos Santos Rodrigues Tamires Maiara Ercole Stephen Arthur prior Ana Elisa Lyra Brumat Amanda Pacheco Cardoso Moura Julierme Zimmer Barbosa João Bosco Vasconcellos Gomes Department of Soil Sciences and Agriculture Engineering Federal University of ParanáR.dos Funcionários1540.CuritibaParanáCEP 80035‑050Brazil Brazilian Agricultural Research Company Embrapa FlorestasEstr.da Ribeira–Br‑476Km 111–Parque Monte Castelo.ColomboParanáCEP 83411‑000Brazil United States Department of Agriculture‑Agricultural Research Service USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory411 South Donahue DriveAuburnAL 36832USA Reforestation Remasa Rodovia PR 170–Km 522.BiturunaParanáCEP 84640‑000Brazil Federal Institute of Southeast of Minas Gerais R.Luz Interior360.Juiz de ForaMinas Gerais CEP 36030‑713Brazil

Needle chlorosis(NC)in Pinus taeda *** in Brazil becomes more frequent after second and third harvest rotation *** a study to identify factors contributing to yellowing needle chorosis(YNC),trees were grown in soils originating from contrasting parent materials,and soils and needles(whole,green and chlorotic portions)from 1-and 2-year-old branches and the first and second needle flush release at four sites with YNC on *** were analyzed for various elements and *** soils had very low base levels(Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and K^(+))and P,suggesting a possible lack of multiple *** symptoms started at needle tips,then extended toward the needle base with *** flush needles had longer portions with YNC than second flush needles *** from the lower crown also had more symptoms along their length than those higher in the *** were similar to those reported for *** chlorotic portions,Mg and Ca concentrations were well below critical values;in particular,Mg levels were only one third of the critical value of 0.3 g kg^(-1).Collectively,results suggest that Mg deficiency is the primary reason for NC of *** in various parent soils in Brazil.

关键词： Nutritional deficiency Forest management Soil depletion Pine foliar analysis Needle chlorosis

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Exercise for stroke prevention

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 59-68页

作者： Peter L prior Neville Suskin Lawson Health Research Institution LondonOntarioCanada St.Josephs Health Care Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Program LondonOntarioCanada Department of Medicine(Cardiology) Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

We review evidence concerning exercise for stroke *** biological reasons suggest that exercise would be important in preventing *** definitive randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of physical activity(PA)and exercise on preventing stroke and mortality are lacking,observational studies,small randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses have provided evidence that PA and exercise favourably modify stroke risk factors,including hypertension,dyslipidaemia,diabetes,sedentary lifestyle,obesity,excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco *** is,therefore,important to understand the factors associated with poststroke PA/exercise and cardiorespiratory *** associated factors include self-efficacy,social support and quality of patients’relationships with health *** associated factors include logistical barriers,medical comorbidities,stroke-related deficits,negative exercise beliefs,fear of falling,poststroke fatigue,arthropathy/pain and *** research is needed to specify efficacious behavioural approaches to increase poststroke *** techniques probably include physician endorsement of exercise programmesto patients,enhancement of patient-professional relationships,providing patients an exercise rationale,motivational interviewing,collaborative goal-setting with patients,addressing logistical concerns,social support in programsmes,structured exercise programming,individualised behavioural instruction,behavioural diary recording,reviewing behavioural consequences of exercise efforts,reinforcing successful exercise *** programming without counselling may increase short-term activity;simple advice or information-giving is probably *** patients or those with cognitive impairment may need increased structure,with emphasis on behaviour per se,versus self-regulation *** support the latest American Heart Association/American Stroke Associati

关键词： prevention behaviour programming

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Impact of Tillage and Fertilizer Application Method on Gas Emissions in a Corn Cropping System

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Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 604-615页

作者： K. SMITH D. WATTS T. WAY H. TORBERT S. prior Department of Math Science and Technology University of Minnesota Crookston Crookston MN 56716 (USA) USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory 411 S. Donahue Dr. Auburn AL 36832 (USA)

Tillage and fertilization practices used in row crop production are thought to alter greenhouse gas emissions from soil. This study was conducted to determine the impact of fertilizer sources, land management practices, and fertilizer placement methods on greenhouse gas （CO2, CH4, and N2O） emissions. A new prototype implement developed for applying poultry litter in subsurface bands in the soil was used in this study. The field site was located at the Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center in the Appalachian Plateau region of northeast Alabama, USA, on a Hartsells fine sandy loam （fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults）. Measurements of carbon dioxide （CO2）, methane （CH4）, and nitrous oxide （N20） emissions followed GRACEnet （greenhouse gas reduction through agricultural carbon enhancement network） protocols to assess the effects of different tillage （conventional vs. no-tillage） and fertilizer placement （subsurface banding vs. surface application） practices in a corn （Zea mays L.） cropping system. Fertilizer sources were urea-ammonium nitrate （UAN）, ammonium nitrate （AN） and poultry litter （M） applied at a rate of 170 kg ha^（-1） of available N. Banding of fertilizer resulted in the greatest concentration of gaseous loss （CO2 and N2O） compared to surface applications of fertilizer. Fertilizer banding increased CO2 and N2O loss on various sampling days throughout the season with poultry litter banding emitting more gas than UAN banding. Conventional tillage practices also resulted in a higher concentration of CO2 and N2O loss when evaluating tillage by sampling day. Throughout the course of this study, CH4 flux was not affected by tillage, fertilizer source, or fertilizer placement method. These results suggest that poultry litter use and banding practices have the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： conventional tillage global warming potential greenhouse gases no-tillage poultry litter

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Analysis of an event study using the Fama–French five‑factor model:teaching approaches including spreadsheets and the R programming language

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2042-2075页

作者： Monica Martinez‑Blasco Vanessa Serrano Francesc prior Jordi Cuadros IQS School of Management-Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 39008017 BarcelonaSpain IQS School of Engineering-Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 39008017 BarcelonaSpain

The current financial education framework has an increasing need to introduce tools that facilitate the application of theoretical models to real-world data and ***,only a limited number of free tools are available for this *** this lack of tools,the present study provides two approaches to facilitate the implementa-tion of an event *** first approach consists of a set of MS Excel files based on the Fama–French five-factor model,which allows the application of the event study methodology in a semi-automatic *** second approach is an open-source R-programmed tool through which results can be obtained in the context of an event study without the need for programming *** tool widens the calculus possibilities provided by the first approach and offers the option to apply not only the Fama–French five-factor model but also other models that are common in the finan-cial *** is a user-friendly tool that enables reproducibility of the analysis and ensures that the calculations are free of manipulation *** approaches are freely available and ready-to-use.

关键词： Event study Fama–French five-factor model Financial education Teaching innovation Spreadsheet R programming language

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Is magnesium deficiency the major cause of needle chlorosis of Pinus taeda in Brazil?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期 213-225页

作者： Ant?nio Carlos Vargas Motta Shizuo Maeda Valdécio dos Santos dos Santos Rodrigues Tamires Maiara Ercole Stephen Arthur prior Ana Elisa Lyra Brumat Amanda Pacheco Cardoso Moura Julierme Zimmer Barbosa Jo?o Bosco Vasconcellos Gomes Department of Soil Sciences and Agriculture Engineering Federal University of Paraná Brazilian Agricultural Research Company Embrapa Florestas 3. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory 4. Reforestation Remasa 5. Federal Institute of Southeast of Minas Gerais

Needle chlorosis(NC) in Pinus taeda L. systems in Brazil becomes more frequent after second and third harvest rotation cycles. In a study to identify factors contributing to yellowing needle chorosis(YNC), trees were grown in soils originating from contrasting parent materials, and soils and needles(whole, green and chlorotic portions) from 1-and 2-year-old branches and the first and second needle flush release at four sites with YNC on P. taeda were analyzed for various elements and properties. All soils had very low base levels(Ca2+, Mg2+and K+) and P, suggesting a possible lack of multiple elements. YNC symptoms started at needle tips, then extended toward the needle base with time. First flush needles had longer portions with YNC than second flush needles did. Needles from the lower crown also had more symptoms along their length than those higher in the canopy. Symptoms were similar to those reported for Mg. In chlorotic portions, Mg and Ca concentrations were well below critical values; in particular, Mg levels were only one third of the critical value of 0.3 g kg-1. Collectively, results suggest that Mg deficiency is the primary reason for NC of P. taeda in various parent soils in Brazil.

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Supramolecular Self-assembly Formed from Cucurbit[8]uril and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2023年第6期39卷 1058-1063页

作者： WANG Chenghui YU Zhichao BAI Qinghong PAN Dingwu prior Timothy J TAO Zhu REDSHAW Carl XIAO Xin Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025P.R.China Chemistry School of Natural SciencesUniversity of HullHull HU67RXUK

The binding behavior of cucurbit[8]uril(Q[8])and p-hydroxybenzoic acid(p-HBA)has been investigated using ^(1)H NMR titration experiments,UV-Vis absorption,isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC),and X-ray *** revealed that the Q[8]can accommodate two p-HBA molecules to form a 1:2 host-guest inclusion complex in solution,namely(p-HBA)2@Q[8].From a poorly scattering crystal,we were able to identify two symmetry unique Q[8]rings,but with different p-HBA *** structure can be represented as Q[8]+1.5 p-HBA,which gives Q[8]@(p-HBA)2∙Q[8]@p-HBA as the structural *** supramolecular structure was screened for its ability to capture *** experimental results showed that the adsorption efficiency of the supramolecular organic framework material for iodine capture was 43.8%,with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 223.3 mg/g.

关键词： Supramolecular self-assembly Cucurbituril p-Hydroxybenzoic acid

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Scanning Mode Application of Neutron-Gamma Analysis for Soil Carbon Mapping

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Pedosphere 2019年第3期29卷 334-343页

作者： Aleksandr KAVETSKIY Galina YAKUBOVA Nikolay SARGSYAN Clyde WIKLE Stephen A. prior Henry Allen TORBERT Bryan A. CHIN United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) National Soil Dynamics Laboratory Auburn AL 36832 (USA) Auburn University Detection and Food Safety Center Samuel Ginn College of Engineering Auburn AL 36849 (USA)

Soil carbon mapping is extremely useful in assessing the effect of land management practices on soil carbon storage. Applications of neutron-gamma analysis in scanning mode for mapping of soil carbon are discussed. A Global Positioning System(GPS) device and softwares required to simultaneously acquire gamma signals and geographical positions during scanning operations were added to an existing measurement system. The reliability of soil carbon measurements in scanning mode was demonstrated to be in agreement with results acquired from static mode. The error analysis indicated that scanning measurements can be conducted with the same accuracy as static measurements in approximately one fourth the time. To obtain results suitable for mapping analogous to traditional chemical analyses(i.e.,± 0.5 in weight percent or ± 0.5 w%), scanning time over a given site should be ca. 15 min using the current measurement system configuration. Based on this measurement time, a reasonable towing speed of 3–5 km h^-1, the necessity for complete site coverage during scanning, the number of sites(within the surveyed field), and the required total measurement time can be estimated. Soil carbon measurements for 28 field sites(total area ca. 2.5 ha) were conducted in ca. 8 h. Based on acquired data,a soil carbon distribution map was constructed utilizing various softwares. The surveyed field area included an asphalt road that had carbon readings higher than the surrounding land. The clarity with which these carbon-rich zones were delineated on the constructed map represents evidence supporting the veracity of this method. Neutron-gamma analysis technology can greatly facilitate timely construction of soil carbon maps.

关键词： ArcGIS Google Earth Pro IGOR scanning technology soil carbon distribution map soil carbon storage

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Vaccinations in immunosuppressive-dependent pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第42期23卷 7644-7652页

作者： Huyen-Tran Nguyen phillip Minar Kimberly Jackson Patricia C Fulkerson Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

AIM To determine the vaccination rates in pediatric immunosuppression-dependent inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and review the safety and efficacy of vaccinations in this *** The electronic medical records from October 2009 to December 2015 of patients diagnosed with IBD at 10 years of age or younger and prescribed antitumor necrosis factor alpha(anti-TNF-α) therapy were reviewed for clinical history, medication history, vaccination history, and hepatitis B and varicella titers. Literature discussing vaccination response in IBD patients were identified through search of the MEDLINE database and reviewed using the key words "inflammatory bowel disease", "immunization", "vaccination", "pneumococcal", "varicella", and "hepatitis B". Non-human and non-English language studies were excluded. Search results were reviewed by authors toselect articles that addressed safety and efficacy of immunizations in inflammatory bowel *** A total of 51 patients diagnosed with IBD prior to the age of 10 and receiving anti-TNF-α therapy were identified. Thirty-three percent of patients(17/51) had incomplete or no documentation of vaccinations. Sixteen case reports, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and randomized trials were determined through review of the literature to describe the safety and efficacy of hepatitis B, pneumococcal, and varicella immunizations in adult and pediatric patients with IBD. These studies showed that patients safely tolerated the vaccines without significant adverse effects. Importantly, IBD patients receiving immunosuppressive medications, particularly anti-TNF-α treatment, have decreased vaccine response compared to controls. However, the majority of patients are still able to achieve protective levels of specific antibodies. CONCLUSION Immunizations have been shown to be well-tolerated and protective immunity can be achieved in patients with IBD requiring immunosuppressive therapy.

关键词： Vaccination Immunosuppression Earlyonset inflammatory bowel disease Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease

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