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Inorganic nanoparticles and the microbiome

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 4936-4954页

作者： Kunyu Qiu phillip G. Durham Aaron c. Anselmo Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina atChapel Hill Chapel Hill NC27599 USA

Routine exposure to inorganic nanoparticles （NPs） that are incorporated into consumer products such as foods/drinks, packaging materials, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products （e.g. cosmetics, sunscreens, shampoos） occurs on a daily basis. The standard everyday use of these products facilitates interactions between the incorporated inorganic NPs, mammalian tissues （e.g. skin, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity）, and the community of microbes that resides on these tissues. changes to the microbiome have been linked to the initiation/ progression of many diseases and there is a growing interest focused on understanding how inorganic NPs can initiate these changes. As these mechanisms are revealed and defined, it may be possible to rationally design microbiota- modulating therapies based on inorganic NPs. In this article, we will：（i） provide a background on inorganic NPs that are commonly found in consumer products such as those that incorporate titanium, zinc, silver, silica, or iron, （ii） discuss how NP properties, microbiota composition, and the physiological microenvironment can mediate the effects that inorganic NPs have on the microbiota, and （iii） highlight opportunities for inorganic NP therapies that are designed to interact with, and navigate, the microbiome.

关键词： inorganic nanoparticles microbiota microbiome bacteria metals

Vaccinations in immunosuppressive-dependent pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第42期23卷 7644-7652页

作者： Huyen-Tran Nguyen phillip Minar Kimberly Jackson Patricia c Fulkerson Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

AIM To determine the vaccination rates in pediatric immunosuppression-dependent inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and review the safety and efficacy of vaccinations in this *** The electronic medical records from October 2009 to December 2015 of patients diagnosed with IBD at 10 years of age or younger and prescribed antitumor necrosis factor alpha(anti-TNF-α) therapy were reviewed for clinical history, medication history, vaccination history, and hepatitis B and varicella titers. Literature discussing vaccination response in IBD patients were identified through search of the MEDLINE database and reviewed using the key words "inflammatory bowel disease", "immunization", "vaccination", "pneumococcal", "varicella", and "hepatitis B". Non-human and non-English language studies were excluded. Search results were reviewed by authors toselect articles that addressed safety and efficacy of immunizations in inflammatory bowel *** A total of 51 patients diagnosed with IBD prior to the age of 10 and receiving anti-TNF-α therapy were identified. Thirty-three percent of patients(17/51) had incomplete or no documentation of vaccinations. Sixteen case reports, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and randomized trials were determined through review of the literature to describe the safety and efficacy of hepatitis B, pneumococcal, and varicella immunizations in adult and pediatric patients with IBD. These studies showed that patients safely tolerated the vaccines without significant adverse effects. Importantly, IBD patients receiving immunosuppressive medications, particularly anti-TNF-α treatment, have decreased vaccine response compared to controls. However, the majority of patients are still able to achieve protective levels of specific antibodies. cONcLUSION Immunizations have been shown to be well-tolerated and protective immunity can be achieved in patients with IBD requiring immunosuppressive therapy.

关键词： Vaccination Immunosuppression Earlyonset inflammatory bowel disease Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease

An efficient semi-blind source extraction algorithm and its applications to biomedical signal extraction

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Science in china(Series F) 2009年第10期52卷 1863-1874页

作者： YE YaLan SHEU phillip c-Y ZENG JiaZhi WANG Gang LUKe School of computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China Department of Electrical Engineering and computer Science University of California Irvine CA 92697-2625 USA School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China

In many applications, such as biomedical engineering, it is often required to extract a desired signal instead of all source signals. This can be achieved by blind source extraction （BSE） or semi-blind source extraction, which is a powerful technique emerging from the neural network field. In this paper, we propose an efficient semi-blind source extraction algorithm to extract a desired source signal as its first output signal by using a priori information about its kurtosis range. The algorithm is robust to outliers and spiky noise because of adopting a classical robust contrast function. And it is also robust to the estimation errors of the kurtosis range of the desired signal providing the estimation errors are not large. The algorithm has good extraction performance, even in some poor situations when the kurtosis values of some source signals are very close to each other. Its convergence stability and robustness are theoretically analyzed. Simulations and experiments on artificial generated data and real-world data have confirmed these results.

关键词： blind source extraction blind source separation independent component analysis electrocardiogram fetal EcG Atrial Fibrillation

Keratoconus in a patient with Alport syndrome: A case report

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World Journal of clinical cases 2019年第19期7卷 3012-3017页

作者： Majid Moshirfar David F Skanchy Aaron T Gomez Yasmyne c Ronquillo Benjamin Buckner phillip c Hoopes John A.Moran Eye center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84101United States Utah Lions Eye Bank Salt Lake CityUT 84101United States Hoopes Durrie Rivera Research center Hoopes VisionDraperUT 84020United States Kellogg Eye center Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48103United States The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine EdinburgTX 78542United States

BAcKGROUND Known ocular manifestations of Alport syndrome include features such as anterior lenticonus and fleck retinopathy. Reports of keratoconus in such patients are limited. We report tomographic findings consistent with keratoconus in a patient with Alport *** SUMMARY A 52-year-old female was referred to our ophthalmology clinic with decreased vision and increased tearing. She was diagnosed with stage Ⅲ Alport syndrome two years prior. Upon examination she was found to have average keratometries of 48D bilaterally with tomographic evidence of *** Although a rare presentation, concurrent Alport syndrome and keratoconus should be considered when reviewing the ocular health of Alport syndrome patients and appropriate management steps should be taken upon the diagnosis.

关键词： Alport syndrome,Keratoconus Type Ⅳ collagen cOL4A genes corneal ectasia case report

Temperature-dependent development of Xyleborus fornicatus （coleoptera： Scolytidae）, the shot-hole borer of tea in Sri Lanka： Implications for distribution and abundance

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Insect Science 2007年第4期14卷 301-308页

作者： RAVINDRA SAMPATH WALGAMA MYRON phillip ZALUcKI SchoolofIntegrativeBiology UniversityofQueenslandSt.LuciaQueensland4072Australia

The effect of temperature on the rate of development of Xyleborus fornicatus （Eichh.） was determined by rearing individuals under a range of constant temperatures （15 - 32℃）. Rates of development changed in a linear fashion over a wide range of temperatures. Estimates of lower development thresholds were obtained for eggs （15.7±0.5℃）, larvae （15.8±0.8℃） and pupae （14.3±1.4℃） and the degree days （DD） for development were 70±4.4, 95±8.5 and 72±5.1 DD, respectively. Optimum temperature for development was around 30~c for all stages. Temperature fluctuation in cooler High country areas （above 1400 m） with a mean temperature around 15℃ seems to be critical for the development of the pest, which may be responsible for the near absence of pest in those areas. Temperature fluctuations （18- 30℃） in the Mid country region （600- 1200 m） favor the development of the pest compared to development under constant conditions. The altitudinal distribution of the shot-hole borer across tea growing areas in Sri Lanka is, therefore, mainly governed by temperature.

关键词： damage levels degree-days developmental thresholds tea growing regions

comparison of FDA safety and efficacy data for KAMRA and Raindrop corneal inlays

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第9期10卷 1446-1451页

作者： Majid Moshirfar Jordan D Desautels Ryan T Wallace Nicholas Koen phillip c.Hoopes HDR Research center Hoopes VisionDraperUtah 84020United States john A.Moran Eye center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtah 84132United States Tufts University School of Medicine BostonMassachusetts 02111United States Brigham Young University ProvoUtah 84602United States Brown University Alpert School of Medicine ProvidenceRhode Island 02906United States

AIM：To provide a side-by-side analysis of the summary of safety and effectiveness data（SSED）submitted to the FDA for the KAMRA and Raindrop corneal inlays for the correction of ***：SSED reports submitted to the FDA for KAMRA and Raindrop were compared with respect to loss of corrected distance visual acuity（cDVA）,adverse event rates,induction of astigmatism,retention of contrast sensitivity,stability of manifest refractive spherical equivalent（MRSE）,and achieved monocular uncorrected near visual acuity（UNVA）at ***：Totally 442/508 of KAMRA patients and344/373 Raindrop patients remained enrolled in the clinical trials at *** proportion of KAMRA and Raindrop patients who lost≥2 lines of cDVA at 24mo was 3.4%and1%,*** adverse event rate was comparable between the *** significant inductions of astigmatism were *** technologies induced a transient myopic shift in MRSE followed by a hyperopic shift and subsequent *** 87%of KAMRA and 98%of Raindrop patients attained a monocular UNVA of J5（20/40）or better at 24mo,28%of KAMRA and 67%of Raindrop patients attained a monocular UNVA of J1（20/20）or better at ***：Both devices can be considered safe and effective,however,the results of corneal inlay implantation are mixed,and long-term patient satisfaction will likely depend on subjective expectations about the capabilities of the *** in surgical technique and postoperative care within and between the two clinical trials diminishes the comparative power of this article.

关键词： KAMRA Raindrop presbyopia comeal inlay

STUDIES ON RELATION BETWEEN INTRINSIc VIScOSITY OF POLYELEcTROLYTES IN SOLUTIONS USED FOR LAYER-BY-LAYER SELFASSEMBLY AND THEIR cORRESPONDING ADSORPTION AMOUNTS IN THE RESULTANT MULTILAYER MEMBRANES

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2009年第3期27卷 297-306页

作者：钱锦文安全福 phillip choi Department of Polymer Science & Engineering Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization(Ministry of Education)Zhejiang University Department of chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada T6G 2G6

The adsorption amount of poly(styrene sulfonate) and poly(dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride) (PSS/PDDA) self-assembled multilayer membranes in designed dipping solvents were measured by UV-Vis-spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance (QcM). Intrinsic viscosities of PSS and PDDA in corresponding dipping solvents were determined by an Ubbelohde viscometer. It is found that the adsorption amount of PSS/PDDA self-assembled multilayer membranes built up in different dipping solutions, added salt concentration, pH of solution and solvent quality, respectively changed oppositely with the corresponding intrinsic viscosity of PSS and PDDA in dipping solvents. A negative relation between the adsorption amount and intrinsic viscosity was revealed, and explained in term of the concept of excluded volume of polymer molecule in dilute solutions.

关键词： Self-assembled multilayer membrane PSS/PDDA Polyelectrolyte solution Intrinsic viscosity

Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope excursion:Ediacaran revolution in the world ocean's meridional overturning circulation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第2期9卷 391-402页

作者： George E.Williams phillip W.Schmidt Department of Earth Sciences University of Adelaide MagneticEarth

The late Ediacaran Shuram-Wonoka excursion, with δ^(13)c_(carb) values as low as-12‰(PDB) in marineshelf deposits and spanning up to 10 Myr, is the deepest and most protracted δ^(13)c_(carb) negative anomaly recognised in Earth history. The excursion formed on at least four continents in low(≤32°) palaeolatitudes, and in china is associated with a major phosphogenic event. Global and intrabasinal correlation, magnetostratigraphy, isotope conglomerate tests and further geochemical data are consistent with a primary or syn-depositional origin for the excursion. continental-margin phosphorites are generated by oceanic upwelling driven by surface winds, and δ^(13)c_(carb) negative anomalies are explicable by oceanic upwelling of 13 c-depleted deep oceanic waters, arguing that a feature common to these exceptional Ediacaran events was unprecedented perturbation of the world ocean. These events occurred during the transition from an alien Proterozoic world marked by low-palaeolatitude glaciation near sea level and strong seasonality to the familiar Phanerozoic Earth with circum-polar glaciation and temperate climate, suggesting that the Shuram-Wonoka excursion is related to this profound change in Earth's climate system. Of various hypotheses for Proterozoic low-palaeolatitude glaciation, only the high obliquity(>54°) hypothesis, which posits secular decrease in obliquity to near the present-day value(23.5°) during the Ediacaran, predicts an unparalleled revolution in the Ediacaran world ocean. The obliquity controls the sense of the world ocean's meridional overturning circulation, which today is driven by the sinking of cold, dense water at the poles and upwelling driven by zonal surface *** the decreasing obliquity passed the critical value of 54° during the Ediacaran the meridional temperature gradient reversed, with the equator becoming warmer than the poles and Hadley lowlatitude(c zonal circulation reversing. This reversal of the temperat

关键词： Ediacaran Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope excursion Oceanic meridional circulation Atmospheric circulation Proterozoic paleoclimate Obliquity of the ecliptic

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热力学遗传算法计算效率的改进

软件学报 2008年第7期19卷 1613-1622页

作者：应伟勤李元香 SHEU phillip c-Y 武汉大学软件工程国家重点实验室湖北武汉430072 Department of Electrical Engineering and computer Science University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

热力学遗传算法(thermodynamical genetic algorithms,简称TDGA)借鉴固体退火过程中能量与熵的竞争模式来协调GA中"选择压力"和"种群多样性"之间的冲突.然而TDGA目前极高的计算代价限制了其应用.为了提高TDGA的计算效率,首先定义一种等... 详细信息

热力学遗传算法(thermodynamical genetic algorithms,简称TDGA)借鉴固体退火过程中能量与熵的竞争模式来协调GA中"选择压力"和"种群多样性"之间的冲突.然而TDGA目前极高的计算代价限制了其应用.为了提高TDGA的计算效率,首先定义一种等级熵(rating-based entropy,简称RE)度量方法,它能以较小的计算成本度量种群中个体适应值的分散程度.然后引入分量热力学替换规则(component thermodynamical replacement,简称cTR),有效地降低了替换规则的复杂度.同时也证明了cTR规则具有驱动种群自由能近似最速下降的能力.在0-1背包问题上的实验结果表明,RE方法和cTR规则在保持TDGA良好的性能与稳定性的同时,极大地提高了其计算效率.

关键词：遗传算法热力学计算效率多样性度量潜换规则