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Thirty-two essential questions for understanding the social-ecological system of forage fish:the case of pacific herring

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第4期2卷 44-55页

作者： phillip S.Levin Tessa b.Francis Nathan g.Taylor Conservation biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNOAA Fisheries2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112USA Puget Sound Institute University of Washington Tacoma326 East D StreetTacomaWashington 98421USA Fisheries and Oceans Canada 3190 Hammond Bay RoadNanaimoBritish Columbia V9T 1K6Canada

Forage fishes are ecologically and economically important low trophic level species,and in recent years interest in their biology and management has *** Herring are emblemat-ic of the management issues facing forage species-they are central components of the Northeast Pacific pelagic food web and support important commercial *** addition,the importance of Herring to indigenous peoples have made them cultural keystone *** employed a participatory process to promote collaborative priority-setting for this critical forage *** with managers,the fisher-ies industry,indigenous peoples,and scientists,we co-constructed a conceptual model of the Pacific Her-ring social-ecological system(SES)in the Northeast *** then identified a set of questions,that,if answered,would significantly increase our ability to sustainably manage the Herring *** objective was to generate a road map for scientists who wish to conduct useful forage fish research,for resource managers who wish to develop new research efforts that could fill critical gaps,and for public agencies and private foundations seeking to prioritize funding on forage fish issues in the *** this socio-cultural centrality comes complexity for fisheries *** participatory process highlighted the value of conceptualizing the full SES,overcame disciplinary differences in scientific approaches,research philos-ophy,and language,and charted a path forward for future research and management for forage species.

关键词： fisheries forage fish interdisciplinary science Pacific Herring Pacific Ocean social-ecological system

bile acids as global regulators of hepatic nutrient metabolism

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Liver Research 2017年第1期1卷 10-16页

作者： phillip b.Hylemon Kazuaki Takabe Mikhail Dozmorov Masayuki Nagahashi Huiping Zhou Department of Microbiology and Immunology Medical College of Virginia CampusVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Mcguire VA Medical Center RichmondVAUSA Department of Surgery Medical College of Virginia CampusVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Department of biostatistics Medical College of Virginia CampusVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Department of Surgery Niigata UniversityJapan

bile acids(bA)are synthesized from cholesterol in the *** are essential for promotion of the absorption of lipids,cholesterol,and lipid-soluble vitamins from the *** are hormones that regulate nutrient metabolism by activating nuclear receptors(farnesoid X receptor(FXR),pregnane X receptor,vitamin D)and g protein-coupled receptors(e.g.,TgR5,sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2))in the liver and *** the liver,S1PR2 activation by conjugated bAs activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT signaling pathways,and nuclear sphingosine kinase *** latter produces sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P),an inhibitor of histone deacetylases 1/2,which allows for the differential up-regulation of expression of genes involved in the metabolism of sterols and *** discuss here the emerging concepts of the interactions of bAs,FXR,insulin,S1P signaling and nutrient metabolism.

关键词： Sphingosine-1-phosphate Sphingosine kinase 2 Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 Fatty liver Epigenetics

Carbon dioxide:A new material for energy storage

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第4期24卷 295-304页

作者： Jacques Amouroux Paul Siffert Jean Pierre Massué Simeon Cavadias béatriz Trujillo Koji Hashimoto phillip Rutberg Sergey Dresvin Xianhong Wang Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (ENSCP) Université Pierre et Marie Curie ParisFrance 2. European Material Research Society(EMRS)StrasbourgFrance 3. Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Plasmas et Traitement de Surface(LGPPTS)Université Pierre et Marie Curie ParisFrance 4. Institute Polytechnic National de MéxicoMexico 5. Lab Electrotechnic and Electrophysic State Polytechnical University of St.PetersbourgRussia 6. Tohoku UniversityJapan Tohoku Institute of Technology Japan Plasma Laboratory State Polytechnical University of St.Petersbourg Russia 9. Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryCASChina

Though carbon dioxide is the main green house gas due to burning of fossil resource or miscellaneous chemical processes,we propose here that carbon dioxide be a new material for energy *** it can be the key to find the solution for three critical issues facing the world:food ecosystems,the greenhouse issue and energy *** propose to identify the carbon recovery through a circular industrial revolution in the first part,and in the second part we present the starting way of three business plants to do that from industrial *** pointing out all the economic constraints and the hidden competitions between energy,water and food,we try to qualify the phrase "sustainable development" and open the way of a huge circular economy.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Energy storage material Carbon dioxide recovery Chemical utilization Circular economy Sustainable development

Relation between the permeability and the degree of coil overlap of polymer in the bulk state

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2007年第11期18卷 1423-1426页

作者： Quan Fu An Jin Wen Qian Meng Wang Yin Lu phillip Choi Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization （Ministry of Education） Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 PR China Faculty of Science Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 PR China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G6 Canada

based on the expression of the index of coil interpenetration （i.e., the degree of coil overlap, ξb） of amorphous polymers in the bulk state proposed by Qian, the ξb was rewritten as ξb = ρb [η]θ/1.66 via Hory＇s intrinsic viscosity equation at them conditions. The ξb ofpoly （vinyl chloride）（PVC） dense membranes with different molecular weights and cellulose diacetate （CA） dense membranes prepared using different solvents were determined. The permeability, permeation coefficient （P） of nitrogen and permeation flux （J） of liquid through both membranes, respectively, was measured. P and J decreased exponentially with increasing ξb for PVC and CA membranes were revealed.

关键词： Degree of coil overlap Permeability Dense polymer membranes

Elimination of Hepatitis C in Liver Transplant Recipients

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第3期6卷 247-250页

作者： Sammy Saab Youssef Challita phillip H.Chen Melissa A.Jimenez Alex D.Lee Elena g.Saab Timothy Ahn gina Choi Francisco A.Durazo Mohamed M.El-Kabany Steven-Huy b.Han Jonathan grotts Vatche g.Agopian Ronald W.busuttil Department of Medicine University of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA

background and Aims:Recurrent hepatitis C(HCV)disease in liver transplant(LT)recipients is associated with significant morbidity and *** the availability of noninterferon-based therapy,eliminating HCV may be achievable in LT ***:We studied all consecutive recipients who underwent LT at the University of California Los Angeles be-tween January 2005 and June *** collected data on date of transplant and last follow-up,as well as laboratory *** also recorded type and timing of antiviral therapy relative to *** were performed to assess the proportion of LT recipi-ents who are viremic after ***:Six hundred thirty-four patients underwent LTwith a diagnosis of *** was a statistically significant trend for patients to be cured be-fore(pgible for therapy,8%and 74%were treated within 12 months of transplant for the study periods 2005 to 2013 and 2014 to 2016,*** was a significant decrease between the two study periods in the proportion of patients undergoing re-LT 1 year after the original LT:5.5%(n=28/510)and 1.5%(n=2/124)respec-tively for study periods 2005 to 2013 and 2014 to 2016 respec-tively(p=0.011).Conclusions:The proportion of LTrecipients who are viremic has decreased over *** HCV in LT recipients is feasible after the introduction of direct-acting *** HCV should translate to improved clinical out-comes in LT recipients who were transplanted for HCV infection with longer *** results suggest the de-creased need for transplant in the direct-acting agents era.

关键词： Hepatitis C Direct-acting agents Liver transplant Elimination

Clinical, cellular, microscopic, and ultrastructural studies of a case of fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium

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bone Research 2017年第2期5卷 123-136页

作者： Melissa L barron Mark S Rybchyn Sutharshani Ramesh Rebecca S Mason S Fiona bonar Paul Stalley Sundeep Khosla bernie Hudson Christopher Arthur Edward Kim Roderick J Clifton-bligh phillip b Clifton-bligh Department of Physiology School of Medical Sciences Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney 2006 New South Wales Australia Douglas HanlyMoir Pathology Macquarie Park 2113 New South Wales Australia Department of Orthopaedics Royal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdown 2050 New South Wales Australia Department of Endocrinology Mayo Clinic Rochester 55905 MN USA Department of Microbiology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards 2065 New South Wales Australia Department ofMicrobiology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards 2065 New South Wales Australia Department of Haematology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards 2065 New South Wales Australia Department of Endocrinology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards 2065 New SouthWales Australia and Faculty of Medicine University of Sydney Sydney 2006 New South Wales Australia

Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium is a rare disorder of bone usually characterized by marked osteopenia and associated with variable osteoporosis and osteosclerosis, changing over time. Histological examination shows that newly formed collagen is abnormal, lacking birefringence when examined by polarized light. The case presented demonstrates these features and, in addition, a previously undocumented finding of a persistent marked reduction of the serum C3 and C4. Osteoblasts established in culture from a bone biopsy showed abnormal morphology on electron microscopy and increased proliferation when cultured with benzoylbenzoyl-ATP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, contrasting with findings in normal osteoblasts in culture. A gene microarray study showed marked upregulation of the messenger RNA(mRNA) for g-protein-coupled receptor 128(gPR 128), an orphan receptor of unknown function and also of osteoprotegerin in the patient's osteoblasts in culture. When normal osteoblasts were cultured with the patient's serum, there was marked upregulation of the mRNA for aquaporin 1. A single pathogenetic factor to account for the features of this disorder has not been defined, but the unique findings described here may facilitate more definitive investigation of the abnormal bone cell function.

关键词： ultrastructural cellular Clinical

Sensor-based Algorithm for Mid-Season Nitrogen Application in Corn

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2017年第10期7卷 278-287页

作者： Ahmad Khalilian Nicholas g. Rogers phillip b. Williams Young J. Han Ali Mirzakhani Nafchi Joe Mari Maja Michael W. Marshall Jose O. Payero Department of Agricultural Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Edisto Research and Education Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA

Applying insufficient nitrogen (N) in a highly responsive crop, such as corn, results in lower grain yield, quality, and profits. On the other hand, when nitrogen is applied in excess of crop needs, profit is reduced and negative environmental consequences are likely. The objective of this study was to develop and employ a sensor-based algorithm to determine the mid-season N requirements for deficit-irrigated corn in Coastal Plain soils. The algorithm was developed using varied prescription rate N plot on two soil types. The test plots received nine different rates of N fertilizer, replicated 5 times in plots of each soil type using a Randomized Complete block design. A 6-row greenSeeker optical sensor was used to measure plant NDVI, between the V6 to V8 growth stages. The sensor readings were used to develop an algorithm to be used in the estimation of side-dress N application in corn. The NDVI sensor readings were collected at the V6 to V8 growth stage during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons correlated with actual corn yields (R2 > 0.68, p g with the actual yield to produce a yield potential for each growing season for deficit-irrigated corn crop. In summary, the algorithm developed from the NDVI readings reduced N application rates by 21% and 34% in soil types 1 and 2, respectively, compared to the normal grower practice (226 kg N/ha) with no reduction in corn yields.

关键词： Algorithms Corn Nutrient Management Precision Agriculture Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Sensors

甘蔗野生种割手密远缘杂交后代品质性状的遗传研究

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植物遗传资源学报 2011年第1期12卷 59-63页

作者：吴才文 phillip Jackson 刘家勇赵培方赵俊范源洪刘新龙云南省农业科学院甘蔗科学研究所/云南甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室开远661600 澳大利亚联邦科学院

利用甘蔗品种Co419与野生种割手密云南75-1-2远缘杂交,ROC25与远缘杂交后代云野02-356进行回交,分别获得F1和bC1群体;利用R软件,分析了2个群体全部真实性后代品质性状的遗传表现。结果表明,杂交后代品质性状广义遗传力高,正态分布特性明... 详细信息

利用甘蔗品种Co419与野生种割手密云南75-1-2远缘杂交,ROC25与远缘杂交后代云野02-356进行回交,分别获得F1和bC1群体;利用R软件,分析了2个群体全部真实性后代品质性状的遗传表现。结果表明,杂交后代品质性状广义遗传力高,正态分布特性明显,品质性状间显著正相关;F1含糖量和纤维含量高于商业亲本,但甘蔗蔗糖分、蔗汁糖分、蔗汁锤度和简纯度等性状劣于商业亲本;bC1除含糖量高于双亲外,其他性状介于双亲之间,但主要性状均优于F1,后代性状恢复快。

关键词：甘蔗远缘杂交品质性状遗传

Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第5期1卷 15-32页

作者： Kimberly A.Selkoe Thorsten blenckner Margaret R.Caldwell Larry b.Crowder Ashley L.Erickson Timothy E.Essington James A.Estes Rod M.Fujita benjamin S.Halpern Mary E.Hunsicker Carrie V.Kappel Ryan P.Kelly John N.Kittinger phillip S.Levin John M.Lynham Megan E.Mach Rebecca g.Martone Lindley A.Mease Anne KSalomon Jameal F.Samhouri Courtney Scarborough Adrian C.Stier Crow White Joy Zedler National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis 735 State StreetSuite 300Santa BarbaraCalifornia 93101 USA Hawaii Institute of Marine biology University of HawaiiKaneoheHawaii 96744 USA Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm UniversityKra¨ftriket 2B10691 StockholmSweden Center for Ocean Solutions Stanford Woods Institute for the EnvironmentStanford University473 Via Ortega Room 193StanfordCalifornia 94305 USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary biology 100 Shaffer RoadUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia 95060 USA Environmental Defense Fund 123 Mission Street28th FloorSan FranciscoCalifornia 94105 USA bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106 USA Imperial College London Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst RoadAscot SL57PY United Kingdom School of Marine and Environmental Affairs University of Washington3707 Brooklyn Avenue NESeattleWashington 98105-6715 USA Conservation International Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans7192 Kalaniana‘ole HighwaySuite G230HonoluluHawaii 96825 USA Conservation biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112 USA Department of Economics University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822 USA School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish Columbia V5A1S6 Canada Department of biological Sciences California Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCalifornia 93407 USA botany Department University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA

As climatic changes and human uses intensify,resource managers and other decision makers are taking actions to either avoid or respond to ecosystem tipping points,or dramatic shifts in structure and function that are often costly and hard to *** indicates that explicitly addressing tipping points leads to improved management *** on theory and examples from marine systems,we distill a set of seven principles to guide effective management in ecosystems with tipping points,derived from the best available *** principles are based on observations that tipping points(1)are possible everywhere,(2)are associated with intense and/or multifaceted human use,(3)may be preceded by changes in earlywarning indicators,(4)may redistribute benefits among stakeholders,(5)affect the relative costs of action and inaction,(6)suggest biologically informed management targets,and(7)often require an adaptive response to *** suggest that early action to preserve system resilience is likely more practical,affordable,and effective than late action to halt or reverse a tipping *** articulate a conceptual approach to management focused on linking management targets to thresholds,tracking early-warning signals of ecosystem instability,and stepping up investment in monitoring and mitigation as the likelihood of dramatic ecosystem change *** approach can simplify and economize management by allowing decision makers to capitalize on the increasing value of precise information about threshold relationships when a system is closer to tipping or by ensuring that restoration effort is sufficient to tip a system into the desired regime.

关键词： critical transition ecosystem-based management marine spatial planning nonlinear relationships restoration ecology stakeholder engagement