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chitin-glucan improves important pathophysiological features of irritable bowel syndrome

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第16期30卷 2258-2271页

作者： caroline Valibouze caroline Dubuquoy philippe chavatte Michaël Genin Veronique Maquet Salvatore Modica Pierre Desreumaux christel Rousseaux Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Lille UniversityLille 59037France Intestinal Biotech Development Facultéde MédicineLille 59045France U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Universitéde LilleLille 59000France ULR 2694-METRIcS Évaluation des Technologies de santéet des Pratiques MédicalesUniversity of LilleLille 59000France KitoZyme SA Institution SociétéAnonymeZone 2Parc des Hauts SartsRue de MilmortHerstal 4040Belgium Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Lille University HospitalLille 59037France

BAcKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most frequent and debilitating conditions leading to gastroenterological ***,recommended treatments remain limited,yielding only limited therapeutic ***-glucan(cG)is a novel dietary prebiotic classically used in humans at a dosage of 1.5-3.0 g/d and is considered a safe food ingredient by the European Food Safety *** provide an alternative approach to managing patients with IBS,we performed preclinical molecular,cellular,and animal studies to evaluate the role of chitin-glucan in the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in *** To evaluate the roles of cG in visceral analgesia,intestinal inflammation,barrier function,and to develop computational molecular *** Visceral pain was recorded through colorectal distension(cRD)in a model of long-lasting colon hypersensitivity induced by an intra-rectal administration of TNBS[15 milligrams(mg)/kilogram(kg)]in 33 Sprague-Dawley *** pressure was regularly assessed during the 9 wk-experiment(weeks 0,3,5,and 7)in animals receiving cG(n=14)at a human equivalent dose(HED)of 1.5 g/d or 3.0 g/d and compared to negative control(tap water,n=11)and positive control(phloroglucinol at 1.5 g/d HED,n=8)*** anti-inflammatory effect of cG was evaluated using clinical and histological scores in 30 c57bl6 male mice with colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)administered in their drinking water during 14 ***-29 cells under basal conditions and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were treated with cG to evaluate changes in pathways related to analgesia μ-opioid receptor(MOR),cannabinoid receptor 2(cB2),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,inflammation[interleukin(IL)-10,IL-1b,and IL-8]and barrier function[mucin 2-5Ac,claudin-2,zonula occludens(ZO)-1,ZO-2]using the real-time PcR *** modelling of cG,LPS,lipoteichoic acid(LTA),and phospholipomannan(PLM)was developed,and the abili

关键词： chitin-glucan Irritable bowel syndrome Abdominal pain Inflammation Intestinal barrier Molecular modelling Microbial cell walls chelation

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cURDIS:A template for incremental curve discretization algorithms and its application to conics

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虚拟现实与智能硬件（中英文） 2024年第5期6卷 358-382页

作者： philippe LATOUR Marc VAN DROOGENBROEcK Montefiore Institute University of LiègeQuartier Polytech 1Allée de la découverte 104000 LiègeBelgium

We introduce cURDIS,a template for algorithms to discretize arcs of regular curves by incrementally producing a list of support pixels covering the *** this template,algorithms proceed by finding the tangent quadrant at each point of the arc and determining which side the curve exits the pixel according to a tailored *** two elements can be adapted for any type of curve,leading to algorithms dedicated to the shape of specific *** the calculation of the tangent quadrant for various curves,such as lines,conics,or cubics,is simple,it is more complex to analyze how pixels are traversed by the *** the case of conic arcs,we found a criterion for determining the pixel exit *** leads us to present a new algorithm,called.cURDIS-c,specific to the discretization of conics,for which we provide all the ***,the criterion for conics requires between one and three sign tests and four additions per pixel,making the algorithm efficient for resource-constrained systems and feasible for fixed-point or integer arithmetic *** algorithm also perfectly handles the pathological cases in which the conic intersects a pixel twice or changes quadrants multiple times within this pixel,achieving this generality at the cost of potentially computing up to two square roots per *** illustrate the use of cURDIS for the discretization of different curves,such as ellipses,hyperbolas,and parabolas,even when they degenerate into lines or corners.

关键词： computer graphics curve discretization conics Rasterization Ellipse drawing conic spline conic pencil

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Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effects and Tree Equity

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Jillian Gorrell Sharon R. Jean-philippe Paul D. Ries Jennifer K. Richards Neelam c. Poudyal Rochelle Butler School of Natural Resources University of Tennessee 203 Third Creek Building Knoxville Tennessee USA

In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.

关键词： Spatial Analysis Land cover Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) Evapotranspiration Tree canopy Impervious Surface GIS Prediction Model GIS Machine Learning

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Manufacture of Industrial Refractory crucibles Based on clays from Burkina Faso

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Journal of Minerals and Materials characterization and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 79-90页

作者： Kassoum Barry Youssouf Sawadogo Moustapha Sawadogo Brahima Sorgho Mohamed Seynou Boubié Guel philippe Blanchart Lamine Zerbo Laboratory of Molecular chemistry and Materials (Lc2M) University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institute of Research for ceramic (IRcER) European Ceramic Centre (CEC) Limoges France

In Burkina Faso, one of the three largest gold producers in West Africa, foundry activity is often paralyzed when basic equipment such as crucibles and cups are not available or should be imported. However, previous studies have shown the availability of kaolinite-rich clay resources that could be used for the local manufacture of silico-aluminous ceramic crucibles. This work allowed to manufacture industrial ceramic crucibles with local clays and then they were tested in foundry industry. The materials were manufactured from three (03) raw materials including two clays (SAB and ROU) and sand. The chemical and mineral analysis has shown that the raw materials are suitable for the formulation of refractory materials. The results of characterization of the materials formulated showed that the properties of use are appreciable. The porosity of the materials is relatively low (23 - 28 vol%) with a diametral compressive strength between 0.61 and 1.34 MPa. crucibles sintered at 1250˚c with a stay of 2 hours have a mechanical strength capable of supporting the weight of the ores contained. These crucibles have a refractoriness under load (T0.5) above 1141˚c and resist chemical attacks. Tests were carried out in the industry at 1100˚c, and the results were satisfactory.

关键词： Refractory Foundry Activity compressive Strength chemical Resistance

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ceramic Properties of Three Specimens of Alluvial clays Used in Local constructions from Mbouda clay Deposit, West cameroon

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Journal of Minerals and Materials characterization and Engineering 2024年第5期12卷 265-279页

作者： Philémon Zo’o Zame Sylvain Kouayep Lawou philippe Samba Assomo Audrey Erman Moutsou Yannick Lontchi Dzoti Véronique Kamgang Kabeyene Beyala Faculty of Science University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon Higher Teacher Training college Bertoua University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The Mbouda alluvial deposit is located at the foot of the Bamboutos mountains (West cameroon) where three types of clayey materials are widespread. The populations collect these clays in their natural state in view of constructions using fired bricks or compressed blocks. Unfortunately, these buildings are not strong. This study investigates the causes of the strengthlessness of buildings and suggests solutions to overcome the difficulty. The research content includes field and laboratory studies. The methodology consists of sampling black (AN), white (AB) and red (AR) clays specimens identified in the study area and analysing them simultaneously at MIPROMALO (cameroon) and at AcME LAB in Vancouver (canada). The results obtained show a high sand content in the samples AN (64%), AB (55.2%), AR (30.9%). The compressive strength of the built specimens is low at 900˚c considered as the traditional firing temperature AN (0.94 MPa), AB (5.25 MPa), AR (2.18 MPa). The mineralogical series are identically made by kaolinite, chlorite, gibbsite, quartz, muscovite, biotite, goethite, magnetite and hematite. Silica (SiO2) presents higher contents AN (52.87%), AB (48.02%), AR (47.68%) followed by alumina (Al2O3) AN (29.96%), AB (28.13%), AR (24.72%). The other elements are poorly represented.

关键词： Sand Bricks clays Mechanical Properties Local constructions

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control Evaluation of Antagonistic Series Elastic Actuation for a Robotic Endoscope Joint

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第4期19卷 965-974页

作者： Lorin Fasel Nicolas Gerig philippe c.cattin Georg Rauter BIROMED-Lab Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland cIAN Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland

Haptic feedback is typically missing during telemanipulation of surgical robots in minimally invasive surgeries,i.e.,surgeons cannot feel the interaction forces between the instruments and ***,surgeons have to solely rely on visual feedback,which increases complexity of guiding the instruments and poses the safety threat of unperceivable contacts outside the field of *** propose a novel series elastic actuation design for articulated robotic endoscopes to overcome these limitations and evaluate an according device with one *** to the actuation of human fingers,the joint is driven by antagonistic *** are integrated in the transmission between the tendons and the motors outside of the endoscope *** estimated the joint angle and thereby the endoscope shape,measured spring deflection,estimated tendon forces from that deflection,and implemented force control for the endoscope *** torque control and impedance control were evaluated under application of both a continuous force and an impact force to the endoscope *** springs reduced impact forces at the tip of the endoscope through their inherent *** the same time,feeding back the estimated force resulted in a stable tendon force control and a tunable endoscope joint control:Zero torque control effectively reduced the external forces,while the endoscope joint showed the expected stiffness in impedance *** results show that antagonistic series elastic actuation is a promising concept for endoscope joint actuation and that it can lead towards safer robot–tissue interactions in surgical robotics.

关键词： Minimally invasive surgery RAMIS Robot-assisted surgery Haptic feedback Force control Tendon-driven robotics

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cost of Medical Treatment for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Relation to Patients’ Income and Its Impact on the Prognosis of the Disease, in Bouaké University Hospital

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第1期14卷 8-17页

作者： Yves Ouattara Liliane Ella Godé Zana Diabaté Franck Hermann Koffi Mamadou Korka Diallo philippe Emile France Koffi Bilé Diomandé François Gossé Ibrahim Abib Diomandé Ophthalmology Department of Bouaké University Hospital (cHU de Bouaké) Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction: Medical treatment for POAG is continuous and lifelong treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the cost of this treatment and patients’ income and the impact of this relationship on treatment compliance. Materials and Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim covering sociodemographic data, average incomes, and direct and indirect costs of treatment of 57 patients followed for POAG during the period from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016 (5 years). Results: The patients were aged 25 to 77 years (mean = 54.4 years) with a male predominance (sex ratio = 1.5). Retirees were the most represented (26.32%), followed by workers in the informal sector (14.04%) and housewives (12.28%). Patients who had an annual income less than or equal to 900,000 cFA francs (€1370.83) per year represented 56.14% and those who did not have health coverage represented 57.89%. The treatment was monotherapy (64.91%), dual therapy (31.58%) or triple therapy (3.05%) and the average ratio of “annual cost of treatment to annual income” was 0.56 with for maximum 2.23 and 0.02 as minimum. Patients who considered the cost of treatment unbearable for their income represented 78.95%. conclusion: Prevention of blindness due to glaucoma requires early detection but also the establishment of health coverage mechanisms to improve compliance with medical treatment. In addition, consideration should be given to the development of glaucoma surgery in our country, the indication of which could be the first intention in certain patients, considering for those patients, the geographical and financial accessibility of medical treatment. .

关键词： Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Treatment cost Medical Treatment Income Blindness

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Defining,Explaining and,then,Exploiting the Elusive concept of"Governance"

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第4期12卷 547-567页

作者： philippe c·Schmitter European University Institute FlorenceItaly central European University BudapestHungary

The concept of“governance”has become omnipresent in the lexicon of politics and political *** has very quickly acquired many different meanings,but its most important property seems to be its capacity to serve as a substitute for“government”.The former is(allegedly)good,and the latter is(allegedly)*** this essay,I explore the definition,the presumptions and the utility of governance.I conclude that it can make an important contribution of our understanding of the increasingly complex process of making and implementing public policies,but not as a substitute for government.

关键词： Governance civil society Political citizenship Democracy Policymaking Policy implementation

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Anatomical and electrophysiological plasticity of locomotor networks following spinal transection in the salamander

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第4期29卷 467-476页

作者： Jean-Marie cabelguen Stéphanie chevallier Ianina Amontieva-Potapova céline philippe Neurocentre Magendie INSERM U 862 - Bordeaux University

Recovery of locomotor behavior following spinal cord injury can occur spontaneously in some vertebrates, such as fish, urodele amphibians, and certain reptiles. This review provides an overview of the current status of our knowledge on the anatomical and electrophysiological changes occurring within the spinal cord that lead to, or are associated with the [e-expression of locomotion in spinally-transected salamanders. A better understanding of these processes will help to devise strategies for restoring locomotor function in mammals, including humans.

关键词： salamander spinal cord locomotor recovery regeneration

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Epidemio-clinical-Histopathological Aspects and Therapeutics of Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctival at the University Hospital center of Bouake

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 159-167页

作者： philippe Emile France Koffi Bile Pierre Windinmanegde Djiguimde Gossé François Diomandé Zana Diabate Kouassi Franck-Hermann Koffi Liliale Ella Godé Ange Mickael Goule Opeyemi Babayeju Yves Ouattara Ibrahim Abib Diomande Ophthalmology Department University Hospital Center Bouake C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Ophthalmology Department University Hospital Center Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is one of the most common malignancies in the elderly. Purpose: To describe the specific aspects of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and to determine the therapeutic modalities. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study carried out at the University Hospital center of Bouake over a period of 9 years (From January 2015 to December 2023). We identified all malignant oculo-adnexal and orbital tumors whose histopathological diagnosis was confirmed;monitoring the sorting of squamous cell carcinomas of the conjunctiva among these cancers and studying the different parameters linked to them. Results: The average age of patients is 44.3 years. Male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.12. HIV was the majority ATcD with 64.7%. The main reason for consultation was exophthalmos (36.11%). The average consultation time was 10 months 13 days. Invasive differentiated conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma was predominant at 55.56%. Enucleation was the most performed surgical method. conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a malignant ocular tumor of the elderly whose frequency increases in young adults infected with HIV-AIDS. Invasive differentiated forms are increasingly encountered, limiting treatment to mutilating surgery.

关键词： Malignant Tumor Ocular carcinoma conjunctiva

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