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基于优先填补策略的Spark数据均衡分区方法

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电子学报 2024年

作者：何玉林吴东彤 philippe Fournier-Viger 黄哲学人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室(深圳) 深圳大学计算机与软件学院

Spark作为基于内存计算的分布式大数据处理框架，运行速度快且通用性强.在任务计算过程中，Spark的默认分区器HashPartitioner在处理倾斜数据时，容易产生各个分区数据量不平衡的情况，导致资源利用率低且运行效率差.现存的Spark均衡分... 详细信息

Spark作为基于内存计算的分布式大数据处理框架，运行速度快且通用性强.在任务计算过程中，Spark的默认分区器HashPartitioner在处理倾斜数据时，容易产生各个分区数据量不平衡的情况，导致资源利用率低且运行效率差.现存的Spark均衡分区改进方法，例如多阶段分区、迁移分区和采样分区等，大多存在尺度把控难、通信开销成本高、对采样过度依赖等缺陷.为改善上述问题，本文提出了一种基于优先填补策略的分区方法，同时考虑了样本数据和非样本数据的分配，以便实现对全部数据的均衡分区.该方法在对数据采样并根据样本信息估算出每个键的权值后，将键按照权值大小降序排列，依次将键在满足分区容忍度的条件下分配到前面的分区中，为未被采样的键预留后面的分区空间，以获得针对样本数据的分区方案. Spark根据分区方案对样本中出现的键对应的数据进行分区，没有出现的键对应的数据则直接映射到可分配的最后一个分区中.实验结果表明，新分区方法能够有效实现Spark数据的均衡分区，在美国运输统计局发布的真实航空数据集上，基于该方法设计的优先填补分区器的总运行时间比HashPartitioner平均缩短了15.3%，比现有的均衡数据分区器和哈希键值重分配分区器分别平均缩短了38.7%和30.2%.

关键词：均衡分区优先填补策略数据倾斜 Spark算子大数据

Protein-S-100-beta is increased in patients with decompensated cirrhosis admitted to ICU

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 222-230页

作者： Nicolas Weiss Simona Tripon Maxime Mallet Françoise Imbert-Bismut Mehdi Sakka Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot philippe Sultanik Sarah Mouri Marika Rudler Dominique Thabut Sorbonne Université AP-HP.Sorbonne UniversitéHôpital de la Pitié-SalpêtrièreDépartement de NeurologieUnitéde Médecine Intensive RéanimationàOrientation NeurologiqueParisFrance Brain Liver Pitié-Salpêtrière(BLIPS)Study Group INSERM UMR_S 938Centre de recherche Saint-AntoineMaladies métaboliquesBiliaires et Fibro-Inflammatoire du FoieInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition(ICAN)ParisFrance Groupe de Recherche Clinique en REanimation et Soins intensifs du Patient en Insuffisance Respiratoire aiguE(GRC-RESPIRE)Sorbonne Université ParisFrance Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP.Sorbonne UniversitéHôpital de la Pitié-SalpêtrièreService d'hépato-GastroentérologieUnitéde Soins Intensifs d'HépatologieParisFrance Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP.Sorbonne UniversitéService de Biochimie MétaboliqueHôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles FoixDMU BioGeMParis F-75013France UniversitéParis Cité UFR de PharmacieCNRSInsermUTCBSParisFrance

Background Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is highly prevalent in patients with liver *** pathophysiology of HE is centered on the synergic role of hyperammonemia and systemic ***,some data suggest altered functioning of the blood–brain barrier(BBB).Assessing BBB function is challenging in clinical practice and at the ***-S-100 Beta(PS100-Beta)could be a useful peripheral marker of BBB permeability in *** study aimed to assess plasmatic PS100-Beta levels in a prospective cohort of patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)with decompensated cirrhosis with and without overt *** We retrospectively evaluated a prospective cohort of cirrhotic patients admitted to the ICU from October 2013 to September 2015 that had an available plasmatic PS100-Beta *** with previous neurological impairment or limitation of intensive or resuscitative measures were *** HE was defined as West-Haven grades 2 to *** patients were compared to a control cohort of outpatient clinic cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients explored for isolated elevation of liver *** ICU discharge,the patients were followed for at least 3 months for the occurrence of overt *** outcomes(liver transplantation or death)were *** ability of PS100-Beta–in combination with other factors–to predict overt HE was evaluated in a multivariate analysis using logistic *** ratios were used to determine the effects and calculate odds ratios(OR).Survival analysis was performed by using the Kaplan–Meier method and survival between groups was compared using a Log-rank *** A total of 194 ICU patients and 207 outpatients were included in the *** levels of plasmatic PS100-Beta were detected in the ICU decompensated cirrhotic patients compared with the outpatients([0.15±0.01]mg/L vs.[0.08±0]mg/L,P<0.001).ICU patients with overt HE had higher levels of PS100-Beta([0.19±0.03]mg/L)compared with the

关键词： Cirrhosis Hepatic encephalopathy Blood-brain barrier PS100-Beta Liver disease

Severe asthma exacerbation:Changes in patient characteristics,management,and outcomes from 1997 to 2016 in 40 ICUs in the greater Paris area

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 209-215页

作者： Romy Younan Jean Loup Augy Bertrand Hermann Bertrand Guidet philippe Aegerter Emmanuel Guerot Ana Novara Caroline Hauw-Berlemont Amer Hamdan Clotilde Bailleul Francesca Santi Jean-Luc Diehl Nicolas Peron Nadia Aissaoui Intensive Care Unit AP-HPGeorges Pompidou European HospitalUniversitéde ParisParisFrance Intensive Care Unit AP-HPSaint Antoine HospitalUniversités de SorbonneUniversitéPierre et Marie CurieParisFrance INSERM U1136 ParisFrance Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University INSERM U1018Groupe Interrégional de Recherche Clinique et d'InnovationÎle-de-FranceFrance Respiratory Medicine Department AP-HPGeorges Pompidou European HospitalUniversitéde ParisParisFrance Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis INSERM UMR-S1140Universitéde ParisParisFrance Intensive Care Unit and Biosurgical Research Lab(Carpentier Foundation) AP-HPGeorges Pompidou European HospitalParisFrance Paris-Cardiovascular-Research-Center INSERM U970ParisFrance

Background Despite advances in asthma treatments,severe asthma exacerbation(SAE)remains a life-threatening condition in adults,and there is a lack of data derived from adult patients admitted to intensive care units(ICUs)for *** current study investigated changes in adult patient characteristics,management,and outcomes of SAE over a 20-year period in 40 ICUs in the greater Paris *** In this retrospective observational study,admissions to 40 ICUs in the greater Paris area for SAE from January 1,1997,to December 31,2016 were *** primary outcome was the proportion of ICU admissions for SAE during 5-year *** outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality,and the use of mechanical ventilation and *** analysis was performed to assess factors associated with ICU *** A total of 7049 admissions for SAE were *** each 5-year period,the proportion decreased over time,with SAE accounting for 2.84%of total ICU admissions(n=2841)between 1997 and 2001,1.76%(n=1717)between 2002 and 2006,1.05%(n=965)between 2007 and 2011,and 1.05%(n=1526)between 2012 and *** median age was 46 years(interquartile range[IQR]:32–59 years),55.41%were female,the median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 20(IQR:13–28),and 19.76%had mechanical *** use of mechanical ventilation remained infrequent throughout the 20-year period,whereas the use of catecholamine *** and hospital mortality rates *** associated with ICU mortality were renal replacement therapy,catecholamine,cardiac arrest,pneumothorax,acute respiratory distress syndrome,sepsis,and invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV).Non-survivors were older,had more severe symptoms,and were more likely to have received *** ICU admission for SAE remains uncommon,and the proportion of cases decreased over *** a slight increase in symptom severity during a 20-year period,ICU and hospital mortality *** requirin

关键词： Epidemiology Intensive care unit Mechanical ventilation Severe asthma exacerbation

太平洋十年涛动对全球地表气温变化的影响足迹

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 445-448页

作者：梁莉莉 Alan D.Ziegler 陈德亮 philippe Ciais 李肇新梁时婧王大山徐荣嵘曾振中 School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources Mae Jo UniversityChiang Mai 50000Thailand Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement UniversitéParis-SaclayGif-sur-Yvette 91191France Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Centre national de la recherche scientifiqueSorbonne UniversitéÉcole Normale SupérieureÉcole PolytechniqueParis 75000France Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Sea surface temperature modes have been found to modulate anthropogenic global warming rates on annual and decadal timescales,sometimes leading to periods of“slowdown”despite increasing greenhouse gas emissions^([1]).

关键词：太平洋十年涛动地表气温 greenhouse

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Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Insulin Sensitivity and Islet β-Cell Secretory Function in Diabetic Patients from South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Cross-Sectional Study

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 81-94页

作者： Dieudonne Masemo Bihehe Ahadi Birindwa Bwihangane Jean-Paulin Mukonkole Mbo Michel Hermans philippe Bianga Katchunga Faculté de Médecine H&#244pital Général de Référence de Panzi Université Evangélique en Afrique Bukavu DR Congo Département de Biologie Faculté des Sciences Université Officielle de Bukavu Bukavu DR Congo Département de Médecine Interne Université de Kisangani Kisangani DR Congo Service d’endocrinologie et de Diabétologie Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgique Département de Médecine Interne Cliniques Universitaires de Bukavu Université Officielle de Bukavu Bukavu DR Congo

Background: The role of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa has not been adequately assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low vitamin D level and secondary hyperparathyroidism and their association with insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretory function among Congolese type 2 diabetics. Methodology: Fasting glycaemia, fasting insulin, 25OH D3 and human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) were measured in one hundred and eighty-four type 2 diabetic patients followed as outpatients in South Kivu. Levels of 25OH D3 65 pg/ml defined low vitamin D and elevated parathyroid hormone levels, respectively. The HOMA model was used to measure insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretory function. Results: Medians (IQR) were 25.3 (20.4 - 32.4) ng/ml for 25OH D3 and 53.7 (38.4 - 115.7) pg/ml for hPTH. 58.7% of diabetics had insulin resistance, 126 (68.5%) had low vitamin D and 80 (43.5%) had hyperparathyroidism. In multivariate analysis, hPTH (partial r = −0.28;p = 0.0002) and 25OH D3 (partial r = 0.16;p = 0.03) showed an independent association with insulin sensitivity after adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference. Finally, hPTH (partial r = 0.27;p = 0.0002) was the sole determinant of β-cell secretory function. Conclusions: This study confirms the high prevalence of low vitamin D level and secondary hyperparathyroidism and their association with insulin resistance and impaired islet β-cell secretory function among Congolese with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation should be envisaged for cases of deficiency in this region.

关键词： Vitamin D Parathyroid Hormone Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Resistance South Kivu

Neuroanatomical Basis of Postoperative Pain and Assessment of Its Management in a Series of Patients Undergoing Caesarean Sections

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Pain Studies and Treatment 2024年第2期12卷 21-32页

作者： Moustapha Diedhiou philippe Manyacka Ma Nyemb Ndiamé Sarr Aissatou Sarr Ousmane Thiam Mohamed Lamine Fall Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger Saint Louis University Saint Louis Senegal Intensive Care Unit Saint Louis Regional Hospital Saint Louis Senegal

Introduction: In recent decades, the cost of postoperative pain has been the subject of many studies based on protocols developed by scientific societies for its assessment and optimization. At the Regional Hospital of Saint-Louis (Senegal), several protocols have been developed for pain management, but no study has focused on the assessment of postoperative pain management specifically. We therefore initiated this work, the objectives of which were to remind the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological bases of postoperative pain, and to analyze the assessment and management of this pain in patients who have undergone a caesarean section. Materials and methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study, which took place in the gynecology-obstetrics department, over a period from January 2019 to July 2020. All patients who gave birth by cesarean section were included. The data was collected from a survey sheet written for this purpose. For each of the patients, the information was taken every day throughout the duration of postoperative hospitalization. Results: It appears from our work that after a cesarean section, the pain felt evolves on the first postoperative days with a peak during the second day. As in the data reported in the literature, there does not seem to be a difference in terms of pain intensity and analgesia dosage between scheduled and emergency caesarean sections. However, young age and female gender—for other types of surgeries—are risk factors associated with high postoperative pain scores. This trend is probably related to the low pain experience of tested patients. Our initial hypothesis was that acute post-operative pain after caesarean sections could be linked to defects in the perception and processing of pain by caregivers. Indeed, we have shown that awareness-raising, information, and training actions have made it possible to significantly improve the management of pain after a cesarean section. Conclusion: After a cesarean section the p

关键词： Postoperative Pain Neuroanatomical Bases Assessment Cesarean Section

基于同步辐射光源微CT技术及分水岭图像分割方法量化乳腺癌胫骨转移小鼠模型局部骨组织及血管

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中国医学影像技术 2024年

作者：徐豪赵乙頔于露陈丁钰刘继琛赵涵孟竹 philippe Clezardin 沈阳大学科技创新研究院沈阳理工大学理学院里昂大学LYOS实验室

目的观察基于同步辐射光源微CT(SR-μCT)技术及分水岭图像分割方法量化乳腺癌胫骨转移小鼠模型胫骨局部三维骨组织和血管的价值。方法建立乳腺癌胫骨转移小鼠模型，分别予口服Vatalanib、注射Bevacizumab、联合Vatalanib与Bevacizumab... 详细信息

目的观察基于同步辐射光源微CT(SR-μCT)技术及分水岭图像分割方法量化乳腺癌胫骨转移小鼠模型胫骨局部三维骨组织和血管的价值。方法建立乳腺癌胫骨转移小鼠模型，分别予口服Vatalanib、注射Bevacizumab、联合Vatalanib与Bevacizumab治疗及注射安慰剂。于注射肿瘤细胞后第8天（T1）及第22天（T2）结合注射血管对比剂和SR-μCT对注射部位骨组织和血管网络行高分辨力同步成像，以自动化标记的分水岭图像分割方法、全局阈值方法及区域生长方法分割局部骨组织和血管，利用戴斯相似系数（DSC）评估图像分割质量；获取局部胫骨解剖学量化参数，包括骨组织体积分数（BV/TV）、血管体积分数（VV/TV）、骨组织平均厚度（***）及血管平均厚度（***），比较相同时间点、不同治疗方案之间，以及相同治疗方案、不同时间点之间解剖学量化参数。结果基于标记分水岭算法分割骨组织和血管结构的DSC达0.95以上，高于其他方法（P均＜0.05）。不同治疗方案之间T1小鼠胫骨解剖学量化参数差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）；联合药物治疗方案下***2结果低于其他治疗方案（P均＜0.05）。联合药物治疗方案下，相比T1，T2乳腺癌骨转移小鼠胫骨BV/TV、***数值增大而VV/TV数值减小（P均＜0.05）；Vatalanib和Bevacizumab治疗方案下T2时间点小鼠胫骨BV/TV、***及***数值均增大（P均＜0.05）；安慰剂方案下BV/TV、***数值增大（P均＜0.05）。结论结合SR-μCT技术和自动化标记分水岭算法可初步量化评估乳腺癌胫骨转移小鼠胫骨局部骨组织和血管三维结构。

关键词： X线显微体层摄影术肿瘤转移小鼠血管图像处理,计算机辅助

Stochastic Simulation of Saline Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifer of Saloum, Senegal

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第8期15卷 863-873页

作者： Seyni Ndoye Amadou Sarr Mathieu Le Coz Cheikh Becaye Gaye Moumtaz Razack philippe Le Coustumer Laboratoire Eau-Energie-Environnement-Procds industriels (LE3PI) Ecole Suprieure Polytechnique Universit Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sngal Dpartement de Gologie Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal CNRS UMR 7285 IC2MP Universit de Poitiers Poitiers France Bordeaux Imaging Center CNRS UAR3420-INSERM US4 Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France

In the Saloum region of central-western Senegal, water needs are essentially met by tapping an underground aquifer associated with the sandy-clay formations of the Continental Terminal, in contact with both the ocean to the west and the highly saline waters of the Saloum River to the north. In this estuarine and deltaic zone with its very low relief, the hydraulic loads in the water tables are generally close to zero or even negative, creating a reversal of the natural flow and encouraging saline intrusion into this system, which makes it very vulnerable. This study concerns the implementation of a numerical model of saline intrusion to provide a better understanding of the vulnerability of the water table by analyzing the variability of the freshwater/saltwater interface. The Modflow-2005 code is used to simulate saline intrusion using the SWI2 module, coupled with the GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) software under the Linux operating system with the steep interface approach. The probable expansion of the wedge is studied in three scenarios, taking into account its position relative to the bedrock at 1 m, 5 m and 10 m. Simulations carried out under imposed potential and river conditions, based on variations in groundwater reserves using two effective porosity values, 10−1 and 10−2, show that the water table is highly vulnerable in the northwest sector. The probable expansion of the wedge increases as the storage coefficient decreases and is more marked with river conditions in the areas surrounding the Saloum River, reaching 6 km with a probability of 1. The probability of the wedge reaching a certain degree of expansion decreases from 1 to 0.5, and then cancels out as it moves inland. The probable position of the wedge is limited to 500 m or even 1 km depending on the corner around the coast to the southwest and in the southern zone. This modelling, carried out under natural conditions, will be developed further, taking into account climatic p

关键词： Saline Intrusion Stochastic Modelling Modflow SWI2 Grass GIS Aquifer Saloum Senegal

基于大数据随机样本划分的分布式观测点分类器

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计算机应用 2024年第6期44卷 1727-1733页

作者：李旭何玉林崔来中黄哲学 philippe Fournier-Viger 人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室(深圳) 广东深圳518107 深圳大学计算机与软件学院广东深圳518060

观测点分类器(OPC)是一种试图通过将多维样本空间线性不可分问题转换成一维距离空间线性可分问题的有监督学习模型,对高维数据的分类问题尤为有效。针对OPC在处理大数据分类问题时表现的较高训练复杂度,在Spark框架下设计一款基于大数... 详细信息

观测点分类器(OPC)是一种试图通过将多维样本空间线性不可分问题转换成一维距离空间线性可分问题的有监督学习模型,对高维数据的分类问题尤为有效。针对OPC在处理大数据分类问题时表现的较高训练复杂度,在Spark框架下设计一款基于大数据的随机样本划分(RSP)的分布式OPC(DOPC)。首先,在分布式计算环境下生成大数据的RSP数据块,并将它转换为弹性分布式数据集(RDD);其次,在RSP数据块上协同式地训练一组OPC,由于每个RSP数据块上的OPC独立训练,因此有高效的Spark可实现性;最后,在Spark框架下将在RSP数据块上协同训练的OPC集成为DOPC,对新样本进行类标签预测。在8个大数据集上,对Spark集群环境下实现的DOPC的可行性、合理性和有效性进行实验验证,实验结果显示,DOPC能够以更低的计算消耗获得比单机OPC更高的测试精度,同时相较于Spark框架下实现的基于RSP模型的神经网络(NN)、决策树(DT)、朴素贝叶斯(NB)和K最近邻(KNN),DOPC分类器具有更强的泛化性能。测试结果表明,DOPC是一种高效低耗的处理大数据分类问题的有监督学习算法。

关键词：大数据分类分布式文件系统随机样本划分观测点分类器 Spark计算框架

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