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Rational and Continuous Measurement of the Emotional Decision Making in Visual Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions with M.A.R.I.E.: First Half

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 223-264页

作者： philippe granato Shreekumar Vinekar Jean-Pierre Van Gansberghe Raymond Bruyer Unité de R&#233habilitation Psycho-sociale Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier de Denain Denain France Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences College of Medicine University of Oklahoma Oklahoma City USA Brussels Belgium Institute of Psychological Sciences Center of Neuroscience Cognition and Systems University of Louvain Louvain la Neuve Belgium

Context: The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires modeling prior to its implementation in algorithms for most human skills. This observation requires us to have a detailed and precise understanding of the interfaces of verbal and emotional communications. The progress of AI is significant on the verbal level but modest in terms of the recognition of facial emotions even if this functionality is one of the oldest in humans and is omnipresent in our daily lives. Dysfunction in the ability for facial emotional expressions is present in many brain pathologies encountered by psychiatrists, neurologists, psychotherapists, mental health professionals including social workers. It cannot be objectively verified and measured due to a lack of reliable tools that are valid and consistently sensitive. Indeed, the articles in the scientific literature dealing with Visual-Facial-Emotions-Recognition (ViFaEmRe), suffer from the absence of 1) consensual and rational tools for continuous quantified measurement, 2) operational concepts. We have invented a software that can use computer-morphing attempting to respond to these two obstacles. It is identified as the Method of Analysis and Research of the Integration of Emotions (M.A.R.I.E.). Our primary goal is to use M.A.R.I.E. to understand the physiology of ViFaEmRe in normal healthy subjects by standardizing the measurements. Then, it will allow us to focus on subjects manifesting abnormalities in this ability. Our second goal is to make our contribution to the progress of AI hoping to add the dimension of recognition of facial emotional expressions. Objective: To study: 1) categorical vs dimensional aspects of recognition of ViFaEmRe, 2) universality vs idiosyncrasy, 3) immediate vs ambivalent Emotional-Decision-Making, 4) the Emotional-Fingerprint of a face and 5) creation of population references data. Methods: With M.A.R.I.E. enable a rational quantified measurement of Emotional-Visual-Acuity (EVA) of 1) a) an individu

关键词： M.A.R.I.E. Universality Idiosyncrasy Measurement of Emotional Quotient Emotional Fingerprint Emotional Decision-Making Limbic Lobe

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Rational and Continuous Measurement of Emotional-Fingerprint, Emotional-Quotient and Categorical vs Proportional Recognition of Facial Emotions with M.A.R.I.E., Second Half

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第4期14卷 400-450页

作者： philippe granato Shreekumar Vinekar Jean-Pierre Van Gansberghe Raymond Bruyer Unit de Rhabilitation Psycho-Sociale Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier de Denain Denain France Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences College of Medicine University of Oklahoma Oklahoma City USA Mathematics Consultant Brussels Belgium Institute of Psychological Sciences Center of Neuroscience Cognition and Systems University of Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium

Context: The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires modeling prior to its implementation in algorithms for most human skills. This observation requires us to have a detailed and precise understanding of the interfaces of verbal and emotional communications. The progress of AI is significant on the verbal level but modest in terms of the recognition of facial emotions even if this functionality is one of the oldest in humans and is omnipresent in our daily lives. Dysfunction in the ability for facial emotional expressions is present in many brain pathologies encountered by psychiatrists, neurologists, psychotherapists, mental health professionals including social workers. It cannot be objectively verified and measured due to a lack of reliable tools that are valid and consistently sensitive. Indeed, the articles in the scientific literature dealing with Visual-Facial-Emotions-Recognition (ViFaEmRe), suffer from the absence of 1) consensual and rational tools for continuous quantified measurement, 2) operational concepts. We have invented a software that can use computer-morphing attempting to respond to these two obstacles. It is identified as the Method of Analysis and Research of the Integration of Emotions (M.A.R.I.E.). Our primary goal is to use M.A.R.I.E. to understand the physiology of ViFaEmRe in normal healthy subjects by standardizing the measurements. Then, it will allow us to focus on subjects manifesting abnormalities in this ability. Our second goal is to make our contribution to the progress of AI hoping to add the dimension of recognition of facial emotional expressions. Objective: To study: 1) categorical vs dimensional aspects of recognition of ViFaEmRe, 2) universality vs idiosyncrasy, 3) immediate vs ambivalent Emotional-Decision-Making, 4) the Emotional-Fingerprint of a face and 5) creation of population references data. Methods: M.A.R.I.E. enables the rational, quantified measurement of Emotional Visual Acuity (EVA) in an individual obse

关键词： M.A.R.I.E. Universality Idiosyncrasy Measurement of Emotional Quotient Emotional Fingerprint Emotional Decision-Making Limbic Lobe

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Rational and Continuous Measurement of Emotional-Fingerprint, Emotional-Quotient and Categorical vs Proportional Recognition of Facial Emotions with M.A.R.I.E., Second Half

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Open Journal of Psychiatry（精神病学期刊） 2024年第4期 400页

作者： philippe granato Shreekumar Vinekar Jean-Pierre Van Gansberghe Raymond Bruyer

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Rational and Continuous Measurement of the Emotional Decision Making in Visual Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions with M.A.R.I.E.:First Half

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Open Journal of Psychiatry（精神病学期刊） 2024年第3期 223页

作者： philippe granato Shreekumar Vinekar Jean-Pierre Van Gansberghe Raymond Bruyer

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Original and Simple Protocol for Withdrawal of Benzodiazepines to Achieve Sustained Remission

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第2期6卷 195-202页

作者： granato philippe Shreekumar Vinekar Fontaine Audrey Paradis philippe Danel Thierry Cottencin Olivier Pole de Psychiatrie Centre Psychothérapeutique de Maubeuge Centre Hospitalier Sambre Avesnois (CHSA) Maubeuge France Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences College of Medicine University of Oklahoma Oklahoma City OK USA Pole de Santé Publique de Maubeuge Centre Hospitalier Sambre Avesnois (CHSA) Maubeuge France Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Santé Mentale (F2RSM) Lille France Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Department CHU-Lille Lille France SCALab PsyCHIC Team CNRS UMR 9193 University of Lille Lille France

Benzodiazepines are psychotropic medications for effective management of anxiety. However, after over 50 years of unrestrained prescription use, prescribers realize the severity of side effects in select patients. The most challenging of these side effects is the emergence of a physiological dependence that explains virtual impossibility of successful withdrawal that can ensure sustained abstinence. We propose a method for successful withdrawal using substitution and innovative downward tapering of diazepam oral solution for all benzodiazepines to attain sustained remission. Our protocol reported here allowed not only successful withdrawal for all of 20 patients included in this pilot study but also helped in totally weaning them off of benzodiazepines demonstrating absence of relapse even 2 years after the total discontinuance.

关键词： Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Success

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Evidence of impaired facial emotion recognition in mild Alzheimer’s disease: A mathematical approach and application

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第3期2卷 171-186页

作者： philippe granato Shreekumar Vinekar Jean-Pierre Van Gansberghe Raymond Bruyer Brussels Belgium Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences College of Medicine University of Oklahoma Oklahoma City USA Institute of Psychological Sciences Center of Neuroscience Cognition and Systems University of Louvain Louvain la Neuve Bel-gium Unité de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (UPSA) Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes Valenciennes France

Objectives: The first objective of this paper is to show the improved binary outcomes resulting from using MARIE as a diagnostic instrument that allows valid and reliable visual recognition of facial emotional expressions (VRFEE) in an objective and quantitative manner. The second objective is to demonstrate mathematical modeling of binary responses that allow the measurement of categorical dimension, sensitivity, camber, equilibrium points, transition thresholds, etc. The final objective is to illustrate the use of this test for 1) testing a homogeneous sample of healthy young participants;and 2) applying this method to a sample of 12 participants with early Alz-heimer disease compared to a matched control sample of healthy elderly participants. Design: Transforming the binary outcomes of MARIE in mathematical variables (experiment 1), allowing verification of a disorder of VRFEE in early Alzheimer’s disease (experiment 2). Measures: Comparison of numerical variables and graphic representations of both samples. Results: The objective measurement of VRFEE is possible in a healthy population. The application of this methodology to a pathological population is also made possible. The results support the current literature. Conclusion: The combination of the mathematical method with the diagnostic instrument MARIE shows its power and ease of use in clinical practice and research. Its application in many clinical conditions and in clinical research can be useful for understanding brain function. This method improves 1) the inter-examiner comparison and standardizes the quantification of VRFEE for use by multiple researchers;2) the follow-up of a sample over time;3) the comparison of two or more samples. This method is already available in clinical work for refining the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in our department.

关键词： Emotion Perception Measure Morphed Facial Expression Categorical Perception Logistic Function MARIE Alzheimer

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The Ability to Visually Recognize Facial Emotions during the Initial Stages of Alzheimer’s

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第4期10卷 187-204页

作者： philippe granato Shreekumar Vinekar Olivier Godefroy Jean-Pierre Van Gansberghe Raymond Bruyer Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier de Denain Denain France Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Oklahoma College of Medicine Oklahoma City OK USA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Amiens Neurologie Amiens France Data Processing Consultant in Mathematics Brussels Belgium (Died) Unité de Neurosciences Cognitives (NESC) Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium

Background: Alzheimer’s sufferers (AS) are unable to visually recognize facial emotions (VRFE). However, we do not know the kind of emotions involved, the timeline for the onset of this loss of ability to recognize facial emotional expressions during the natural course of this disease and the existence of any correlation with other comorbid cognitive disorders. For that reason, the authors aimed to determine whether a deficit in facial emotion recognition is present at the onset of Alzheimer disease, distinctly and concurrently with the onset of cognitive impairment or is it a prodromal syndrome of Alzheimer’s Disease before the onset of cognitive decline and what emotions are involved. A secondary aim was to investigate relationships between facial emotion recognition and cognitive performance on various parameters. Method: Single Blind Case-control study. Setting in Memory clinic. Participants: 12 patients, (AS) and 12 control subjects (CS) were enrolled. Measurements: Quantitative information about the ability for facial emotion recognition was obtained from Method of Analysis and Research on the Integration of Emotions (MARIE). The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the Picture Naming, the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), and the Grober & Buschke Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) tests were used to measure cognitive impairment. Results: We note that the AS have a problem with the visual recognition of facial emotions with existence of a higher threshold for visual recognition. The AS is less sensitive to the visual recognition cues of facial emotions. AS is unable to distinguish anger from fear. It would be a possible explanation for some acts of aggressiveness seen in the clinical and home setting demonstrated by “AS with behavioral disturbance”. The anger-fear series was f

关键词： Recognizing Facial Emotions Alzheimer Disease Early Diagnosis

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A Study of Visual Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions in a Normal Aging Population in the Absence of Cognitive Disorders

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第3期4卷 251-260页

作者： philippe granato Shreekumar Vinekar Olivier Godefroy Jean-Pierre Vangansberghe Raymond Bruyer Data Processing Consultant Brussels Belgium Department of Neurology North Hospital Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Amiens Amiens France Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA Department of Psychiatry Centre Hospitalier Sambre Avesnois (CHSA) Maubeuge France University of Louvain-la-Neuve Institute of Psychological Science (IPSY) Center of Neuroscience Cognition and Systems (NEUROCS) Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium

Objective: To examine and measure the decision-making processes involved in Visual Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions (VRFEE) and to study the effects of demographic factors on this process. Method: We evaluated a newly designed software application (M.A.R.I.E.) that permits computerized metric measurement of VRFEE. We administered it to 204 cognitively normal participants ranging in age from 20 to 70 years. Results: We established normative values for the recognition of anger, disgust, joy, fear, surprise and sadness expressed on the faces of three individuals. There was a significant difference in the: 1) measurement (F (8.189) = 3896, p = 0.0001);2) education level (x2(12) = 28.4, p = 0.005);3) face (F(2.195) = 10, p = 0.0001);4)series (F (8.189)=28, p = 0.0001);5) interaction between the identity and recognition of emotions (F (16, 181 =11, p = 0.0001). However, performance did not differ according to: 1) age (F (6.19669) = 1.35, p = 0.2) or 2) level of education (F (1, 1587) = 0.6, p = 0.4). Conclusions: In healthy participants, the VRFEE remains stable throughout the lifespan when cognitive functions remain optimal. Disgust, sadness, fear, and joy seem to be the four most easily recognized facial emotions, while anger and surprise are not easily recognized. Visual recognition of disgust and fear is independent of aging. The characteristics of a face have a significant influence on the ease with which people recognize expressed emotions (idiosyncrasy). Perception and recognition of emotions is categorical, even when the facial images are integrated in a spectrum of morphs reflecting two different emotions on either side.

关键词： Recognition Emotions M.A.R.I.E. Aging Healthy Participants Emotion Stimulus (ES) Emotion Set (ESet) Emotion Series (ESr) VRFEE Emotion Recognition (ER) Canonical Emotions (CE) Intermediate Emotions (IE)

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Evidence of impaired facial emotion recognition in mild Alzheimer’s disease: A mathematical approach and application

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Open Journal of Psychiatry（精神病学期刊） 2012年第3期

作者： philippe granato Shreekumar Vinekar Jean-Pierre Van Gansberghe Raymond Bruyer

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The Ability to Visually Recognize Facial Emotions during the Initial Stages of Alzheimer’s

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Open Journal of Psychiatry（精神病学期刊） 2020年第4期

作者： philippe granato Shreekumar Vinekar Olivier Godefroy Jean-Pierre Van Gansberghe Raymond Bruyer

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