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Local and teleconnected temperature effects of afforestation and vegetation greening in China

National Science Review 2020年第5期7卷 897-912页

作者： Yue Li Shilong Piao Anping Chen philippe ciais Laurent Z.X.Li Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology Colorado State University Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Commissariata l Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives–CNRS–Universite de Versailles Saint-QuentinUniversite Paris-Saclay Laboratoire de Met eorologie Dynamique Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueSorbonne UniversiteEcole Normale Superieure Ecole Polytechnique

Afforestation in China provides carbon sequestration and prevents soil erosion, but its remote impacts on climate in other regions via the coupling of forest energy fluxes with atmospheric circulation are largely unknown. Here, we prescribe inventory-based forest cover change and satellite-observed leaf area index from 1982 to 2011 in a coupled land-atmosphere model to simulate their biophysical climate effects. Both local and global surface air temperatures show a seasonal contrast in response to past vegetation cover expansion over China:a phenomenon we primarily attribute to a variation of seasonality of vegetation greening. A large cooling in spring results in concurrent decreases in geopotential height over China and zonal wind over Mongolia, causing a dipole structure in the upper troposphere over the Arctic. This accounts for～58%of simulated spring warming over the Russian Arctic and～61% of simulated spring cooling over the Canadian Artic. Our results imply that spring vegetation dynamics in China may affect climate in northern high latitudes.

关键词： afforestation vegetation greening China biophysical climate effect coupled land-atmosphere model

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Satellite-observed changes in terrestrial vegetation growth trends across the Asia-Pacific region associated with land cover and climate from 1982 to 2011

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第11期9卷 1055-1076页

作者： Baozhang Chen Guang Xu Nicholas C.Coops philippe ciais Ranga B.Myneni Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouPeople’s Republic of China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographic Information Resource Development and Application NanjingPeople’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Forest Resource Management University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement UnitéMixte de Recherche Commissariatàl’Energie AtomiqueCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversitéde Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-YvelinesGif-sur-YvetteFrance Department of Earth and Environment Boston UniversityBostonMAUSA

The Asia-Pacific(AP)region has experienced faster warming than the global average in recent decades and has experienced more climate extremes,however little is known about the response of vegetation growth to these *** updated Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies third-generation global satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index dataset and gridded reanalysis climate data were used to investigate the spatiotemporal changes in both trends of vegetation dynamic indicators and climatic *** then further analyzed their relations associated with land cover across the AP *** main findings are threefold:(1)at continental scales the AP region overall experienced a gradual and significant increasing trend in vegetation growth during the last three decades,and this NDVI trend corresponded with an insignificant increasing trend in temperature;(2)vegetation growth was negatively and significantly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation(ENSO)in AP;and(3)at pixel scales,except for Australia,both vegetation growth and air temperature significantly increased in the majority of study regions and vegetation growth spatially correlated with temperature;In Australia and other water-limited regions vegetation growth positively correlated with precipitation.

关键词： Vegetation dynamics NDVI climate change land cover Asia-Pacific region

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Soil and vegetation water content identify the main terrestrial ecosystem changes

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National Science Review 2023年第5期10卷 167-179页

作者： Diego Bueso Maria Piles philippe ciais Jean-Pierre Wigneron álvaro Moreno-Martínez Gustau Camps-Valls Image Processing Laboratory Universitat de València Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Université Paris Saclay INRA Centre de Bordeaux Aquitaine Image Processing Laboratory Universitat deValència

Environmental change is a consequence of many interrelated *** vegetation responds to natural and human activity still needs to be well establishe d,quantified and *** cent satellite missions providing hydrologic and ecological indicators enable better monitoring of Earth system changes,yet there is no automatic way to address this issue directly from ***,we develop an observation-based methodology to capture evidence of changes in global terrestrial ecosystems and attribute these changes to natural or anthropogenic *** use the longest time record of global microwave L-band soil moisture and vegetation optical depth as satellite data and build spatially explicit maps of change in soil and vegetation water content and biomass reflecting large ecosystem changes during the last decade,*** of prominent trends(from-8% to 9% per year) are observed,especially in humid and semi-arid *** further combine such trends with land cover change maps,vegetation greenness and precipitation variability to assess their relationship with major documented ecosystem *** regions emerge from our *** cluster changes according to human activity drivers,including deforestation(Amazon,Central Africa) and wildfires(East Australia),artificial reforestation(South-East China),abandonment of farm fields(Central Russia) and climate shifts related to changes in precipitation variability(East Africa,North America and Central Argentina).Using the high sensitivity of soil and vegetation water content to ecosystem changes,microwave satellite observations enable us to quantify and attribute global vegetation responses to climate or anthropogenic activities as a direct measure of environmental changes and the mechanisms driving them.

关键词： soil moisture vegetation water content ecosystem trend remote sensing soil moisture and ocean salinity satellite

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Indication of paleoecological evidence on the evolution of alpine vegetation productivity and soil erosion in central China since the mid-Holocene

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第10期64卷 1774-1783页

作者： Ying CHENG Hongyan LIU Hongya WANG Deliang CHEN philippe ciais Yao LUO Xiuchen WU &Yi YIN School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgP.O.Box 460S-40530 GothenburgSweden Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement(LSCE) CEA CNRS UVSQGif Sur Yvette 91191France State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125USA

Although alpine ecosystems have been commonly recognized as sensitive to recent climate change,few studies have examined its impact on the long-term productivity of vegetation and soil *** paleoecological records,these two aspects were examined in the alpine zone of the Taibai Mountains(elevation,3767 m)in monsoon-dominated East Asia since the middle *** for the productivity of vegetation and severity of soil erosion from high-resolution alpine lacustrine records show that the productivity and soil erosion were closely related to mean annual temperature and summer precipitation from the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM),***,when the mean annual temperature was low and precipitation was abundant,during 5800–4000 calendar years before the present(*** BP),the alpine ecosystem was characterized by low vegetation productivity and severe soil ***,the productivity increased and soil erosion decreased from 4000 *** BP *** results highlight the role of paleoecological evidence in studying ecosystem services on longer time scales,which is significant in making policies for sustainable development under climate change in regions for which such long-term monitoring data are not available.

关键词： Pollen Vegetation dynamics Alpine lake sediments Erosion intensity Paleoecological indicators

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Changes in productivity and carbon storage of grasslands in china under future global warming scenarios of 1.5℃ and 2℃

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第5期12卷 804-814页

作者： Zhaoqi Wang Jinfeng Chang Shushi Peng Shilong Piao philippe ciais Richard Betts Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversitéParis-SaclayF-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterExeter EX44PSUK Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX13PBUK

Aims the impacts of future global warming of 1.5℃ and 2℃ on the productivity and carbon(c)storage of grasslands in china are not clear yet,although grasslands in china support~45 million agricultural populations and more than 238 million livestock populations,and are sensitive to global *** this study used a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model named ORcHIDEE to simulate c cycle of alpine meadows and temperate grasslands in *** model was driven by high-resolution(0.5°×0.5°)climate of global specific warming levels(SWL)of 1.5℃ and 2℃(warmer than pre-industrial level),which is downscaled by Ec-EARtH3-HR v3.1 with sea surface temperature and sea-ice concentration as boundary conditions from IPSL-cM5-LR(low spatial resolution,2.5°×1.5°)Earth system model(ESM).Important Findingscompared with baseline(1971-2005),the mean annual air temperature over chinese grasslands increased by 2.5℃ and 3.7℃ under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** increase in temperature in the alpine meadow was higher than that in the temperate grassland under both SWL1.5 and *** was also shown an increasing trend under SWL2 over most of the chinese *** increases in gross primary productivity(GPP)were simulated in the chinese grasslands,and the mean annual GPP(GPP_(MA))increased by 19.32%and 43.62%under SWL1.5 and SWL2,*** c storage increased by 0.64 Pg c and 1.37 Pg c under SWL1.5 and SWL2 for 50 years *** GPP_(MA) was 0.67_(0.39)^(0.88)(0.82)(model mean_(min) ^(max) (this study)),0.85_(0.45)^(1.24)(0.97)and 0.94_(0.61)^(1.30)(1.17)Pg C year^(−1) under baseline,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by four cMIP5 ESMs(phase 5 of the coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Earth System Models).In contrast,the mean annual net biome productivity was−18.55_(−40.37)^(4.47)(−3.61),18.65_(−2.03)^(64.03)(10.29)and 24.15_(8.38)^(38.77)(24.93)Tg C year^(−1) under base-line,SWL1.5 and SWL2 modeled by the four cMIP5 *** results indicated that the c

关键词： productivity carbon storage specific warming level grassland climate change

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Strong direct and indirect influences of climate change on water yield confirmed by the Budyko framework

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Geography and Sustainability 2021年第4期2卷 281-287页

作者： Hui Yang Hao Xu Chris Huntingford philippe ciais Shilong Piao Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA CNRS UVSQ91191France Centre for Ecology and Hydrology WallingfordOxfordshireOX108BBUK Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Research findings concerning the main processes influencing water resources differ substantially,and so the topic remains *** studies indicate that the changes in water yield,expressed through the n-parameter of Budyko framework,are associated with vegetation coverage ***,we use runoffmeasurements and outputs from 13 dynamic global vegetation models,to investigate the underlying drivers of the n-parameter *** previous studies,we instead find that climate change is the primary driver of adjustments on water *** climatic characteristics,particularly the intensity and seasonality of rainfall,modulates the runoffgeneration *** effects of climate change occur through altering vegetation properties,which in turn also impact river *** also find that in the arid and sparse vegetation regions,water yield is more sensitive to changes in ***,the Budyko framework provides a reliable parameter-sparse representation of runoffchanges,and reveals that terrestrial water cycle is changing substantially under climate *** climate forcing requires on-going investigation to generate more refined and reliable projections of future water availability.

关键词： Water cycle Climate change Atmospheric CO_(2) Land cover change Runoff

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Contrasting effects of N addition on the N and P status of understory vegetation in plantations of sapling and mature Larix principis-rupprechtii

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 843-852页

作者： Tao Yan Tiantian Qu Huanhuan Song philippe ciais Shilong Piao Zhenzhong Sun Hui Zeng Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China School of Urban Planning and Design Peking University2199 Lishui RoadNanshan DistrictShenzhen 518055China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenhe DistrictShenyang 110016China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS-UVSQ91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences16 Lincui RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100085China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences16 Lincui RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100085China

Aims The productivity of forest plantations in temperate areas is often lim-ited by nitrogen(N),but may shift towards phosphorus(P)limitation with increasing atmospheric N *** resorption is a nutrient conservation strategy in *** data on nutrient resorption are available for overstory trees,there are few data for understory *** We examined leaf N and P concentrations and N and P resorption efficiencies(NRE and PRE,respectively)in eight understory species in 11-and 45-year-old Larix principis-rupprechtii stands subjected to N supplementation over a 3-year *** findings Leaf N concentrations and N:P ratios increased and P concentrations decreased,with N input in species within the 45-year-old stand,but not in the 11-year-old *** and PRE were not altered by N input in any of the species in either stand,but N resorption pro-ficiency decreased and P resorption proficiency increased,in the species in the 45-year-old ***,the growth of understory species may be more P-limited in the 45-versus 11-year-old stand,and nutrient resorption proficiency was more sensitive to N add-ition than nutrient resorption *** results will improve the understanding of nutrient use strategies and their responses to N addition in understory *** contrasting effects of N addition on nutrient status between stand ages cannot be ignored when modeling ecosystem nutrient cycling under global N depos-ition conditions.

关键词： larch plantation N addition nutrient resorption stand age understory species

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Slowdown in China's methane emission growth

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National Science Review 2024年第8期11卷 114-124页

作者： Min Zhao Xiangjun Tian Yilong Wang Xuhui Wang philippe ciais Zhe Jin Hongqin Zhang Tao Wang Jinzhi Ding Shilong Piao State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE) Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversité Paris-Saclay Institute of Carbon Neutrality College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The unprecedented surge in global methane levels has raised global concerns in recent years,casting a spotlight on China as a pivotal *** has taken several actions to curb the methane emissions,but their effects remain ***,we developed the Global ObservatioN-based system for monitoring Greenhouse GAses for methane（GONGGA-CH4） and assimilate GO SAT XCH4observations to assess changes in China' s methane *** find the average rate of increase in China' s methane emissions(0.1±0.3 Tg CH4yr-2) during 2016-2021 slowed down compared to the preceding years（2011-2015）(0.9±0.5 Tg CH4yr-2),in contrast to the concurrent acceleration of global methane *** a result,the contribution of China to global methane emissions dropped ***,the slowdown of China' s methane emission is mainly attributable to a reduction in biogenic emissions from wetlands and agriculture,associated with the drying trend in South China and the transition from double-season to single-season rice cropping,while fossil fuel emissions are still *** results suggest that GONGGA-CH4provides the opportunity for independent assessment of China' s methane emissions from an atmospheric perspective,providing insights into the implementation of methane-related policies that align with its ambitious climate objectives.

关键词： methane emissions greenhouse gases data assimilation China Global ObservatioN-based system for monitoring Greenhouse GAses for methane

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Human activities aggravate nitrogen-deposition pollution to inland water over China

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 430-440页

作者： Yang Gao Feng Zhou philippe ciais Chiyuan Miao Tao Yang Yanlong Jia Xudong Zhou Butterbach-Bahl Klaus Tiantian Yang Guirui Yu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA CNRS UVSQ State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Center for Global Change and Water Cycle Hohai University Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California

In the past three decades, China has built more than 87 000 dams with a storage capacity of ≈6560 km3and the total surface area of inland water has increased by 6672 km2. Leaching of N from fertilized soils to rivers is the main source of N pollution in China, but the exposure of a growing inland water area to direct atmospheric N deposition and N leaching caused by N deposition on the terrestrial ecosystem, together with increased N deposition and decreased N flow, also tends to raise N concentrations in most inland waters. The contribution of this previously ignored source of N deposition to freshwaters is estimated in this study, as well as mitigation strategies. The results show that the annual amounts of N depositions ranged from 4.9 to 16.6 kg · ha-1· yr-1in the 1990 s to exceeding 20 kg · ha-1· yr-1in the 2010 s over most of regions in China, so the total mass of N(the net contribution of N deposition to the increase in N concentration) for lakes, rivers and reservoirs change from 122.26 Gg N · yr-1in the 1990 s to 237.75 Gg N· yr-1in the 2010 s. It is suggested that reducing the N deposition from various sources, shortening the water-retention time in dams and decreasing the degree of regulation for rivers are three main measures for preventing a continuous increase in the N-deposition pollution to inland water in China.

关键词： N deposition N concentration dam water area human activity

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Climate Warming Mitigation from Nationally Determined Contributions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第8期39卷 1217-1228页

作者： Bo FU Jingyi LI Thomas GASSER philippe ciais Shilong PIAO Shu TAO Guofeng SHEN Yuqin LAI Luchao HAN Bengang LI Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA) 2361 LaxenburgAustria Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris ***,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making *** this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system *** reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,*** remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only *** greenhouse gases are also important,especially for *** contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in *** argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate *** needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree *** countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.

关键词： climate mitigation nationally determined contributions attribution regional contribution integrated assessment models

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