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Applying ionic liquids as oil additives for gearboxes:going beyond the state of the art by bridging the nano-scale and component level

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Friction 2023年第6期11卷 1057-1078页

作者： Azhaarudeen ANIFA MOHAMED FARUCK philipp g.grützmacher Chia-Jui HSU Dominik DWORSCHAK Hsiu-Wei CHENg Markus VALTINER Kristof STAgEL philipp MIKSOVSKY Apurba Ranjan SAHOO Aitor SAINZ MARTINEZ Katharina BICA-SCHRODER Michael WEIgAND Carsten gACHOT Institut für Konstruktionswissenschaften und Produktentwicklung(IKP) Tribology Research DivisionTU WienVienna1060Austria Institut für Angewandte Physik(IAP) Applied Interface Physics research groupTU WienVienna1040Austria Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie(IAS) Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis research groupTU WienVienna1060Austria

Ionic liquids(ILs)have been used effectively in many applications for reducing problems related to friction and *** this work,the potential of ILs as an anti-wear and extreme pressure lubricant additive for high load-carrying gearbox applications such as helicopter transmissions has been *** halide-free ILs:P_(8881)(BuO)_(2)PO_(2)^(-)(1)and P_(8881)(MeO)_(2)PO_(2)^(-)(2),which are blended at 5 wt%each into a standard non-additivated FVA2 base oil(BO)are *** solid-liquid interface,friction and load-carrying capacity,and wear(scuffing)behavior are studied on the nano-,lab-,and component-scale,respectively,at a different range of temperature and loading conditions by using the atomic force microscopy(AFM),Schwing-Reib-Verschleiβ(SRV)friction tests,and Brugger tests,as well as forschungsstelle für zahnrader und getriebebau(FZg)back-to-back gear test *** AFM analysis shows nearly no change of adhesion over the full range of studied temperature for the IL blends compared to the ***,IL blends demonstrate a very stable coefficient of friction(COF)of around 0.16,which even decreases with increasing test temperatures ranging from 40 to 120℃.A clear reduction in COF up to 25%is achieved by adding only 5 wt%of the investigated Ils in the BO,and the Brugger tests also show a pronounced enhancement of load-carrying ***,on the component-scale,a significant improvement in gear scuffing performance has been observed for both used IL blends.A detailed characterization of the wear tracks from the SRV friction tests via the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed the formation of a phosphate(P-O)-based amorphous tribo-chemical layer of about 20 nm ***,this work may present an approach for Ils to be used as an additive in conventional lubricants due to their ability to enhance the lubrication properties,making them an alternative lubricant solution for high load-carrying gearbox applications.

关键词： ionic liquids(ILs) additives gears scuffing friction load-carrying capacity

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Influence of structural depth of laser-patterned steel surfaces on the solid lubricity of carbon nanoparticle coatings

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Friction 2023年第7期11卷 1276-1291页

作者： Timothy MACLUCAS Lukas DAUT philipp grÜtzmacher Maria Agustina gUITAR Volker PRESSER Carsten gACHOT Sebastian SUAREZ Frank MÜCKLICH Chair of Functional Materials Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken 66123Germany Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development TU WienWien 1060Austria INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123Germany Department of Materials Science&Engineering Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken 66123Germany Saarene-Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability Saarbrücken 66123Germany

Carbon nanoparticle coatings on laser-patterned stainless-steel surfaces present a solid lubrication system where the pattern's recessions act as lubricant-retaining *** study investigates the influence of the structural depth of line patterns coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and carbon onions(COs)on their respective potential to reduce friction and *** laser interference patterning(DLIP)with a pulse duration of 12 ps is used to create line patterns with three different structural depths at a periodicity of 3.5μm on AISI 304 steel ***,electrophoretic deposition(EPD)is applied to form homogeneous carbon nanoparticle coatings on the patterned *** ball-on-disc experiments are conducted on the as-described surfaces with an alumina counter body at a load of 100 *** results show that the shallower the coated structure,the lower its coefficient of friction(COF),regardless of the particle ***,with a minimum of just below 0.20,CNTs reach lower COF values than COs over most of the testing *** resulting wear tracks are characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and energy-dispersive X-ray *** friction testing,the CNTs remain in contact,and the immediate proximity,whereas the CO coating is largely *** of structural depth,no oxidation occurs on CNT-coated surfaces,whereas minor oxidation is detected on CO-coated wear tracks.

关键词： solid lubricant coatings carbon nanotubes carbon onions direct laser interference patterning(DLIP)surface structuring electrophoretic deposition(EPD)

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Interplay between microstructural evolution and tribo-chemistry during dry sliding of metals

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Friction 2019年第6期7卷 637-650页

作者： philipp ggrÜtzmacher Sebastian RAMMACHER Dominic RATHMANN Christian MOTZ FrankMÜCKLICH Sebastian SUAREZ Chair of Functional Materials Saarland UniversityCampus D3.3Saarbrücken 66123Germany Chair of Experimental Methodology of Material Science Saarland UniversityCampus D2.2Saarbrücken 66123Germany

Understanding the microstructural and tribo-chemical processes during tribological loading is of utmost importance to further improve the tribological behavior of metals. In this study, the friction, wear and tribo-chemical behavior of Ni with different initial microstructures(nanocrystalline, bi-modal, coarse-grained) is investigated under dry sliding conditions. In particular, the interplay be-tween frictional response, microstructural evolution and tribo-oxidation is considered. Friction tests are carried out using ball-on-disk experiments with alumina balls as counter-bodies, varying the load between 1 and 5 N. The microstructural evolution as well as the chemical reactions beneath the samples’ surface is investigated by means of cross-sections. The samples with finer microstructures show a faster run-in and lower maximum values of the coefficient of friction(COF) which can be attributed to higher oxidation kinetics and a higher hardness. It is observed that with increasing sliding cycles, a stable oxide layer is formed. Furthermore, initially coarse-grained samples show grain refinement, whereas initially finer microstructures undergo grain coarsening converging towards the same superficial grain size after 2,000 sliding cycles. Consequently, the experimental evidence supports that, irrespective of the initial microstructure, after a certain deformation almost identical steady-state COF values for all samples are achieved.

关键词： dry sliding microstructural analysis tribo‐oxidation wear

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News on the physics potential of the reaction e^+e^-→ Zγ

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第2期64卷 27-28页

作者： philipp Roloff CERN CH-1211Geneva 23Switzerland

The next large project in particle physics is widely expected to be a high-energy electron-positron *** a facility could be realised as a circular collider,like the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)and the Future e^+e^-Circular Collider(FCC-ee)[1],or as a linear collider,like the International Linear Collider(ILC)and the Compact Linear Collider(CLIC)[2].

关键词： circular positron potential

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Plants against cancer:towards green Taxol production through pathway discovery and metabolic engineering

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aBIOTECH 2024年第3期5卷 394-402页

作者： philipp Zerbe Department of Plant Biology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA

The diversity of plant natural products presents a rich resource for accelerating drug discovery and addressing pressing human health ***,the challenges in accessing and cultivating source species,as well as metabolite structural complexity,and general low abundance present considerable hurdles in developing plant-derived *** in high-throughput sequencing,genome assembly,gene synthesis,analytical technologies,and synthetic biology approaches,now enable us to efficiently identify and engineer enzymes and metabolic pathways for producing natural and new-to-nature therapeutics and drug *** review highlights challenges and progress in plant natural product discovery and engineering by example of recent breakthroughs in identifying the missing enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the anti-cancer agent Taxol^(®).These enzyme resources offer new avenues for the bio-manufacture and semi-synthesis of an old blockbuster drug.

关键词： Taxol Plant natural products Synthetic biology Pathway discovery Metabolic engineering

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Calibration-free speckle matrix imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第3期11卷 1-3页

作者： philipp del Hougne Univ Rennes CNRSIETR-UMR 616435000RennesFrance

Unknown speckle patterns can be used to image targets embedded in complex scattering media 100 times faster than previous techniques based on carefully calibrated illuminations.

关键词： speckle illumination faster

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Data-driven Bayesian inference of turbulence model closure coefficients incorporating epistemic uncertainty

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第12期37卷 1812-1838页

作者： Daigo Maruyama philipp Bekemeyer Stefan gortz Simon Coggon Sanjiv Sharma german Aerospace Center(DLR) Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology Lilienthalplatz 738108 BraunschweigGermany Airbus Operations Limited Pegasus House Aerospace AveFiltonBristol BS347PA

We introduce a framework for statistical inference of the closure coefficients using machine learning *** objective of this framework is to quantify the epistemic uncertainty associated with the closure model by using experimental data via Bayesian *** framework is tailored towards cases for which a limited amount of experimental data is *** consists of two ***,by treating all latent variables(non-observed variables)in the model as stochastic variables,all sources of uncertainty of the probabilistic closure model are quantified by a fully Bayesian *** probabilistic model is defined to consist of the closure coefficients as parameters and other parameters incorporating ***,the uncertainty associated with the closure coefficients is extracted from the overall uncertainty by considering the noise being *** overall uncertainty is rigorously evaluated by using Markov-Chain Monte Carlo sampling assisted by surrogate *** apply the framework to the Spalart-Allmars one-equation turbulence *** test cases are considered,including an industrially relevant full aircraft model at transonic flow conditions,the Airbus ***,we demonstrate that epistemic uncertainties in the closure coefficients result into uncertainties in flow quantities of interest which are prominent around,and downstream,of the shock occurring over the XRF1 *** data-driven approach could help to enhance the predictive capabilities of CFD in terms of reliable turbulence modeling at extremes of the flight envelope if measured data is available,which is important in the context of robust design and towards virtual aircraft *** plentiful amount of information about the uncertainties could also assist when it comes to estimating the influence of the measured data on the inferred model ***,the developed framework is flexible and can be applied to different test cases and to various turbulence model

关键词： Turbulence modeling Uncertainty quantification Parameter calibration Bayesian statistics Surrogate-assisted methods Spalart-Allmaras one-equation turbulence model Large-scale industrial aircraft use-case

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Wave propagation through disordered media without backscattering and intensity variations

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 623-629页

作者： Konstantinos g Makris Andre Brandstötter philipp Ambichl Ziad H Musslimani Stefan Rotter Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology Department of PhysicsUniversity of CreteHeraklion 71003Greece Institute for Theoretical Physics Vienna University of Technology(TU-Wien)Vienna 1040Austria Department of Mathematics Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA

A fundamental manifestation of wave scattering in a disordered medium is the highly complex intensity pattern the waves acquire due to multi-path *** we show that these intensity variations can be entirely suppressed by adding disorder-specific gain and loss components to the *** resulting constant-intensity waves in such non-Hermitian scattering landscapes are free of any backscattering and feature perfect transmission through the *** experimental demonstration of these unique wave states is envisioned based on spatially modulated pump beams that can flexibly control the gain and loss components in an active medium.

关键词： Anderson localisation complex media non-Hermitian physics scattering

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Effect of nanoparticle concentration on zeta-potential measurement results and reproducibility

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Particuology 2010年第3期8卷 279-285页

作者： Ratna Tantra philipp Schulze Paul Quincey National Physical Laboratory Hampton Road Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK Department of Physics University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK. National Physical Laboratory Hampton Road Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW

The effect of nanoparticle concentration on zeta-potential measurement results at dilute concentrations was evaluated. The values of the zeta-potential for four different types of nanoparticles, Ludox （silica）, multi-walled carbon nanotubes （bamboo-shaped and hollow nanotubes） and gold, at various concentrations, were obtained using a laser Doppler electrophoresis instrument. The size of the nanoparticles on dilution was measured using dynamic light scattering （DLS）. The results show that there is a concentration range within which the zeta-potential, and particle size, are not affected by nanoparticle concentration. The lower concentration limit for the system to produce consistent results was dependent on the nature of the sample under study and ranged between 10-2 and 10-4 wt%. Below this concentration, there was an apparent shift in zeta-potential values to less negative values, which was accompanied by an increase in the particle size. The shift in zeta-potential was attributed to an increase in contribution of the signal from extraneous particulate matter. The increase in particle size was attributed to the nature of the homodyne optical configuration of the instrument. The aim of this study was to elucidate the range in nanoparticle concentration that allows for accurate and reliable measurement of the zeta-potential and DLS data.

关键词： Nanoparticles Zeta-potential Dynamic light scattering Reproducibility

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Entropy‑Conservative Discontinuous galerkin Methods for the Shallow Water Equations with Uncertainty

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第3期6卷 1978-2010页

作者： Janina Bender philipp Öffner Institute of Mathematics University KasselMonchebergstraße 1934127 KasselGermany Institute of Mathematics Johannes Gutenberg UniversityStaudingerweg 955099 MainzGermany Mathematical Institute Technical University ClausthalErzstraße 138678 Clausthal ZellerfeldGermany

In this paper,we develop an entropy-conservative discontinuous galerkin(Dg)method for the shallow water(SW)equation with random *** of the most popular methods for uncertainty quantifcation is the generalized Polynomial Chaos(gPC)approach which we consider in the following *** apply the stochastic galerkin(Sg)method to the stochastic SW *** the Sg approach in the stochastic hyperbolic SW system yields a purely deterministic system that is not necessarily hyperbolic *** lack of the hyperbolicity leads to ill-posedness and stability issues in numerical *** transforming the system using Roe variables,the hyperbolicity can be ensured and an entropy-entropy fux pair is known from a recent investigation by gerster and Herty(***.27(3):639–671,2020).We use this pair and determine a corresponding entropy fux ***,we construct entropy conservative numerical twopoint fuxes for this augmented *** applying these new numerical fuxes in a nodal Dg spectral element method(DgSEM)with fux diferencing ansatz,we obtain a provable entropy conservative(dissipative)*** numerical experiments,we validate our theoretical fndings.

关键词： Shallow water(SW)equations Entropy conservation/dissipation Uncertainty quantification Discontinuous galerkin(Dg) generalized Polynomial Chaos(gPC)

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