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Energy Release Rates for Interface Cracks in Multilayered Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第8期120卷 261-272页

作者： Changwei Huang philip A.Williams Department of Civil Engineering Chung Yuan Christian UniversityTaoyuan 32023Taiwan Simutech Solution Corporation 14FNo.90Section 2Nanjing E.Rd.Taipei 10406Taiwan

This paper examines the evolution of the interfacial deflection energy release rates in multilayered structures under four-point *** J-integral and the extended finite element method(XFEM)are adopted to investigate the evolution of the interfacial deflection energy release rates of composite *** results not only verify the accuracy of analytical solutions for the steady-state interfacial deflection energy release rate,but also provide the evolutionary history of the interfacial deflection energy release rate under different crack *** addition,non-dimensional parametric analyses are performed to discuss the effects of normalized ratios of the crack length,the elastic modulus,and the thickness on the interfacial deflection energy release *** results demonstrate that the elastic modulus ratio and thickness ratio have a distinct influence on the interfacial deflection energy release rate for multilayered ***,an unstable interfacial crack tends to occur for elastic multilayer beams with higher elastic modulus on the upper sub-beam under bending *** unstable interfacial fracture shows a decreasing interfacial deflection energy release rate with an increasing interfacial crack length.

关键词： Interfacial deflection energy release rate four-point bending J-integral extended finite element method

MicroRNAs in blood and cerebrospinal fluid as diagnostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis and to monitor disease progression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 606-619页

作者： Bridget Martinez philip V.Peplow Department of Molecular&Cellular Biology University of CaliforniaMercedMercedCAUSA Department of Medicine St.Georges University School of MedicineGrenada Department of Physics and Engineering Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous *** is the main cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young *** sclerosis mostly affects people aged 20–50 years;however,it can occur in young children and much older *** identified in the distribution of MS include age,gender,genetics,environment,and ethnic *** sclerosis is usually associated with progressive degrees of *** disease involves demyelination of axons of the central nervous system and causes brain and spinal cord neuronal loss and *** multiple sclerosis is based on a patient’s medical history including symptoms,physical examination,and various tests such as magnetic resonance imaging,cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests,and *** disease course of multiple sclerosis is not well correlated with the biomarkers presently used in clinical ***-derived biomarkers that can detect and distinguish the different phenotypes in multiple sclerosis may be advantageous in personalized treatment with disease-modifying drugs and to predict response to *** studies reviewed have shown that the expression levels of a large number of miRNAs in peripheral blood,serum,exosomes isolated from serum,and cerebrospinal fluid are altered in multiple sclerosis and can distinguish the disease phenotypes from each *** studies are warranted to independently validate these findings so that individual or pairs of miRNAs in serum or cerebrospinal fluid can be used as potential diagnostic markers for adult and pediatric multiple sclerosis and for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy.

关键词： clinically isolated syndrome CSF disease progression exosomes humans microRNA multiple sclerosis peripheral blood phenotypes serum

Male infertility microsurgical training

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 61-66页

作者： Akanksha Mehta philip S Li Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery Cornell Institute for Reproductive Medicine Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY10065 USA

Microsurgical training is imperative for urologists and clinical andrologists specializing in male infertility. Success in male infertility microsurgery is heavily dependent on the surgeon＇s microsurgical skills. Laboratory-based practice to enhance microsurgical skills improves the surgeon＇s confidence, and reduces stress and operating time, benefiting both the patient and the surgeon. This review provides guidelines for setting up a microsurgical laboratory to develop and enhance microsurgical skills using synthetic and animal models. The role of emerginE techniaues, such as robotic-assisted microsureerv, is also discussed.

关键词： laboratory male infertility microsurgery training vasoepididymostomy vasovasostomy

Protective effects of pharmacological therapies in animal models of multiple sclerosis: a review of studies 2014–2019

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1220-1234页

作者： Bridget Martinez philip V.Peplow Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Chemistry DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Department of Medicine St.Georges University School of MedicineTrue BlueGrenada Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous *** disability caused by inflammatory demyelination clinically dominates the early stages of relapsing-remitting MS and is *** there is considerable loss of axons,MS patients enter a secondary progressive ***-modifying drugs currently in use for MS suppress the immune system and reduce relapse rates but are not effective in the progressive *** animal models of MS(mostly mouse and rat)have been established and proved useful in studying the disease process and response to *** experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal studies reviewed here showed that a chronic progressive disease can be induced by immunization with appropriate amounts of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein together with mycobacterium tuberculosis and pertussis toxin in Freund's *** clinical manifestations of autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease were prevented or reduced by treatment with certain pharmacological agents given prior to,at,or after peak disease,and the agents had protective effects as shown by inhibiting demyelination and damage to neurons,axons and *** the cuprizone-induced toxicity animal studies,the pharmacological agents tested were able to promote remyelination and increase the number of oligodendrocytes when administered therapeutically or prophylactically.A monoclonal IgM antibody protected axons in the spinal cord and preserved motor function in animals inoculated with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis *** all these studies the pharmacological agents were administered singly.A combination therapy may be more effective,especially using agents that target neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration,as they may exert synergistic actions.

关键词： animal models autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease cuprizone-induced toxicity multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroinflammation neuroprotection pharmacological agents progressive disease Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 557-562页

作者： Bridget Martinez philip V.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Inappropriate levels of hyperactivity,impulsivity,and inattention characterize attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric *** cognitive function and learning ability of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are affected,and these symptoms may persist to adulthood if they are not *** diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is only based on symptoms and objective tests for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are *** for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children include medications,behavior therapy,counseling,and education services which can relieve many of the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but cannot cure *** is a need for a molecular biomarker to distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from healthy subjects and other neurological conditions,which would allow for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to be *** expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of attention deficit hyperactivity *** recent studies reviewed had performed microRNA profiling in whole blood,white blood cells,blood plasma,and blood serum of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.A large number of microRNAs were dysregulated when compared to healthy controls and with some overlap between individual *** the studies that had included a validation set of patients and controls,potential candidate biomarkers for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children could be miR-140-3p,let-7g-5p,-30e-5p,-223-3p,-142-5p,-486-5p,-151a-3p,-151a-5p,and-126-5p in total white blood cells,and miR-4516,-6090,-4763-3p,-4281,-4466,-101-3p,-130a-3p,-138-5p,-195-5p,and-106b-5p in blood *** studies are warranted with children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and

关键词： adults attention deficit hyperactivity disorder biomarkers blood plasma blood serum children microRNA total white blood cells whole blood

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 716-726页

作者： Bridget Martinez philip V.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNEVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNEVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults,accounting for one third of all diagnosed epileptic patients,with seizures originating from or involving mesial temporal structures such as the hippocampus,and many of these patients being refractory to treatment with anti-epileptic *** lobe epilepsy is the most common childhood neurological disorder and,compared with adults,the symptoms are greatly affected by age and brain *** of temporal lobe epilepsy relies on clinical examination,patient history,electroencephalographic recordings,and brain *** or delay in diagnosis is common.A molecular biomarker that could distinguish epilepsy from healthy subjects and other neurological conditions would allow for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to be *** possible biomarkers of pathological changes as well as potential therapeutic targets in the epileptic brain are micro *** of the recent studies had performed micro RNA profiling in body fluids such as blood plasma and blood serum and brain tissues such as temporal cortex tissue and hippocampal tissue.A large number of micro RNAs were dysregulated when compared to healthy controls and with some overlap between individual studies that could serve as potential *** example,in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy,possible biomarkers are miR-199a-3p in blood plasma and miR-142-5p in blood plasma and blood *** adults with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy,possible biomarkers are miR-153 in blood plasma and miR-145-3p in blood ***,in many of the studies involving patients who receive one or several anti-epileptic drugs,the influence of these on micro RNA expression in body fluids and brain tissues is largely *** studies are warranted with children with temporal lobe epilepsy and consideration should be given to utilizing mouse or rat and non-human primate models of temporal lobe epil

关键词： adults biomarkers blood plasma blood serum children hippocampal tissue mesial temporal lobe epilepsy microRNA temporal cortical tissue temporal lobe epilepsy

MicroRNAs as biomarkers in glaucoma and potential therapeutic targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2368-2375页

作者： Bridget Martinez philip V.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease in which optic nerve damage and visual field defects *** is a leading cause of irreversible *** pathogenesis is largely unknown although several risk factors have been identified,with an increase in intraocular pressure being the main *** of intraocular pressure is the only treatment ***-angle glaucoma is the most common form of the condition,accounting for~90%of all cases of glaucoma,with primary open-angle glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma being the most frequent *** are strong indications that microRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle *** of the recent studies reviewed had performed microRNA profiling in aqueous humor from glaucoma patients compared to controls who were chiefly cataract patients.A very large number of microRNAs were dysregulated but with limited overlap between individual *** in aqueous humor that could be possible targets for therapeutic intervention are miR-143-3p,miR-125b-5p,and *** ove rlap of findings occurred within the dysregulated miRNAs for blood plasma,blood serum,peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and tears of primary open-angle glaucoma *** ral impo rtant limitations were identified in these *** studies are warranted of mic roRNA expression in aqueous humor and blood samples of primary open-angle glaucoma patients in the early stages of the disease so that validated biomarkers can be identified and treatment *** addition,whether modifying the levels of specific microRNAs in aqueous humor or tears has a beneficial effect on intraocular pressure and ophthalmic examination of the eyes should be investigated using suitable animal models of glaucoma.

关键词： aqueous humor biomarkers blood plasma blood serum glaucoma intraocular pressure microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells tears therapeutic targets

Potential Linkages Between Social Capital,Flood Risk Perceptions,and Self-Efficacy

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第3期11卷 251-262页

作者： Paul Hudson Liselotte Hagedoorn philip Bubeck Institute of Environmental Science and Geography University of Potsdam14476 PotsdamGermany Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije University1081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands

A growing focus is being placed on both individuals and communities to adapt to flooding as part of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–*** to flooding requires sufficient social capital(linkages between members of society),risk perceptions(understanding of risk),and self-efficacy(selfperceived ability to limit disaster impacts)to be ***,there is limited understanding of how social capital,risk perceptions,and self-efficacy *** seek to explore how social capital interacts with variables known to increase the likelihood of successful *** study these linkages we analyze survey data of 1010 respondents across two communities in Thua Tien-Hue Province in central Vietnam,using ordered probit *** find positive correlations between social capital,risk perceptions,and self-efficacy *** is a partly contrary finding to what was found in previous studies linking these concepts in Europe,which may be a result from the difference in risk *** absence of an overall negative exchange between these factors has positive implications for proactive flood risk adaptation.

关键词： Flood risk Protection motivation theory Risk perceptions Social capital Self-efficacy Vietnam

Dual solutions of MHD stagnation point flow and heat transfer over a stretching/shrinking sheet with generalized slip condition

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第6期22卷 2376-2384页

作者： ABBAS Zaheer MASOOD Tahmina OLANREWAJU philip Oladapo Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Department of Mathematical Sciences Oduduwa University

An analysis was made to study the steady momentum and heat transfer characteristics of a viscous electrically conducting fluid near a stagnation point due to a stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of a transverse magnetic field and generalized slip condition. Two flow problems corresponding to the planar and axisymmetric stretching/shrinking sheet were considered. By means of similarity transformations, the obtained resultant nonlinear ordinary differential equations were solved numerically using a shooting method for dual solutions of velocity and temperature profiles. Some important physical features of the flow and heat transfer in terms of the fluid velocity, the temperature distribution, the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number for various values of the controlling governing parameters like velocity slip parameter, critical shear rate, magnetic field, ratio of stretching/shrinking rate to external flow rate and Prandtl number were analyzed and discussed. An increase of the critical shear rate decreases the fluid velocity whereas the local Nusselt number increases. The comparison of the present numerical results with the existing literature in a limiting case is given and found to be in an excellent agreement.

关键词： dual solutions stagnation-point MHD flow slip condition heat transfer numerical solution transverse magnetic fields