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Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions

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International Journal of Oral Science 2013年第3期5卷 130-140页

作者： Carol L Fischer Katherine S walters David R Drake Deborah V Dawson Derek R Blanchette Kim A Brogden philip w wertz Dows Institute for Dental Research College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Central Microscopy Research Facility College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Endodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Periodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Oral Pathology Radiology & Medicine College of Dentistry The University of Iowa

Oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit potent antimicrobial activity for a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;however,little is known about their spectrum of antimicrobial activity or mechanisms of action against oral *** this study,we examine the activity of two fatty acids and three sphingoid bases against Porphyromonas gingivalis,an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in *** inhibitory concentrations,minimal bactericidal concentrations,and kill kinetics revealed variable,but potent,activity of oral mucosal and salivary lipids against ***,indicating that lipid structure may be an important determinant in lipid mechanisms of activity against bacteria,although specific components of bacterial membranes are also likely *** micrographs showed ultrastructural damage induced by sapienic acid and phytosphingosine and confirmed disruption of the bacterial plasma *** information,coupled with the association of treatment lipids with *** lipids revealed via thin layer chromatography,suggests that the plasma membrane is a likely target of lipid antibacterial *** a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and western blot followed by mass spectroscopy and N-terminus degradation sequencing we also show that treatment with sapienic acid induces upregulation of a set of proteins comprising a unique *** stress response,including proteins important in fatty acid biosynthesis,metabolism and energy production,protein processing,cell adhesion and *** or therapeutic lipid treatments may be beneficial for intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on mucosal surfaces.

关键词： antimicrobial lipid fatty acid Porphyromonasgingivalis sphingoid base sphingolipid ultrastructure

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MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bipolar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

作者： Bridget Martinez philip V.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. we performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed i

关键词： biomarker bipolar disorder blood leukocytes blood plasma blood plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes blood serum brain tissue brain tissue extracellular vesicles/exosomes lymphoblastoid cell lines microRNA neural progenitor cells whole blood

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Autism spectrum disorder:difficulties in diagnosis and microRNA biomarkers

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2776-2786页

we performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear *** of the studies involved children and the study cohorts were largely *** of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA *** five studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to validate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to *** microRNAs that were validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of *** important limitations were identified in the studies reviewed,and need to be taken into account in future *** studies are warranted with children and adults having different levels of autism spectrum disorder severity and consideration should be given to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs as a novel therapy.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder biomarker blood cells blood plasma blood serum diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles whole blood

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MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life ***,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress *** performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December *** included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA *** of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to *** miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/

关键词： biomarker diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes post-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole blood whole plasma

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A paean to Arnie Levine on the occasion of his 80th birthday

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第7期11卷 544-545页

作者： philip w.Hinds Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical BiologyTufts University School of MedicineBostonMA 02111USA

It is an honor and a privilege to have received PhD-level training in the molecular basis of tumorigenesis from Amie Levine and to have received advice and support from him as a colleague in the decades that followed.I and numerous others who have been directly and indirectly intellectually nurtured by Arnie owe much of our success in biomedical research to his selfless sharing of his keen scientific insight,and the field of cancer therapeutics is enriched overall by the contributions his lab and 'progeny' have made over the course of his career.I first met Arnie in the fall of 1985 as a first-year PhD candidate at Princeton.

关键词： honor training Princeton

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IJABE SwAT Special Issue:Innovative modeling solutions for water resource problems

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 1-8页

作者： philip w.Gassman wang Yingkuan Center for Agricultural and Rural Development Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011-1070United States Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Beijing100125China

The Soil and water Assessment Tool(SwAT)ecohydrological model is used worldwide to evaluate hydrological and water quality concerns across a plethora of watershed scales and environmental *** ten studies featured in this special issue confirm the global utility of SwAT,which include applications of the model in Brazil,China,Ethiopia and the United *** range of applications reported in the special issue mirror broader trends in the extensive existing SwAT literature and provide valuable insights regarding input data sensitivity,testing,scenario analysis,software development and other important SwAT-related *** summaries of these ten studies in this SwAT special issue are provided,highlighting key procedures and findings for each application.A brief description of SwAT structure and historical development is also given including a complete listing of key documentation and enhancements for every major release of the model between the early 1990s to the present *** overview will serve as a guide to better reading and understanding of the ten research papers in this SwAT special issue of IJABE.

关键词： Soil and water Assessment Tool(SwAT) SwAT special issue modeling solutions water resource watershed

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Living on the edge： Effects of body size, group density and microhabitat selection on escape behaviour of southern leopard frogs Lithobates sphenocephalus

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 712-718页

作者： philip w. BATEMAN Patricia A. FLEMING Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Perth Bentley WA 6845 Australial School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Murdoch WA 6150 Australia

Models of optimal escape strategy predict that animals should move away when the costs of fleeing （metabolic and opportunity costs） are outweighed by the costs of remaining. These theoretical models predict that more vulnerable individuals should be more reactive, moving away when an approaching threat is further away. we tested whether escape behaviour （includ- ing ＇escape calling＇） ofLithobates sphenocephalus approached by a human was influenced by body size or the initial microhabi- tat that the individual was found in. Irrespective of their size, frogs in the open tended to remain immobile, enhancing their cryp- sis. Frogs in cover showed different responses according to their body size, but, contrary to our initial predictions, larger frogs showed greater responsiveness （longer flight initiation distance and distances fled） than small frogs. Small frogs tended to remain closer to water and escaped into water, while larger individuals were more likely to jump to terrestrial cover and call during escape. Density of frogs near the focal animal had no effect on escape behaviour. This study indicates a range of escape responses in this species and points to the importance of divergent escape choices for organisms which live on the edge of different environments .

关键词： Alarm call Flight initiation distance (FID) Distance fled Microhabitat selection Rana sphenocephala

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Osteosarcoma:prognosis plateau warrants retinoblastoma pathway targeted therapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2016年第1期1卷 119-130页

作者： Sarah E Ballatori philip w Hinds Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical BiologyTufts University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA

Osteosarcoma(OS)is the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents,affecting~560 young patients in the United States *** term OS describes a diverse array of subtypes with varying prognoses,but the majority of tumors are high grade and *** because the true etiology of these aggressive tumors remains unknown,advances in OS treatment have reached a discouraging plateau,with only incremental improvements over the past 40 ***,research surrounding the pathogenesis of OS is essential,as it promises to unveil novel therapeutic targets that can attack tumor cells with greater specificity and lower *** the candidate molecular targets in OS,the retinoblastoma(RB)pathway demonstrates the highest frequency of inactivation and thus represents a particularly promising avenue for molecular targeted *** review examines the present thinking and practices in OS treatment and specifically highlights the relevance of the RB pathway in *** further investigation into RB pathway-related novel therapeutic targets,we believe that a near-term breakthrough in improved OS prognosis is possible.

关键词： retinoblastoma targeted plateau

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Dragon Tails:Convergent Caudal Morphology in winged Archosaurs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第6期86卷 1402-1412页

作者： w.Scott PERSONS IV philip J.CURRIE Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Department of Biological Sciences CW 405 Biological Sciences Bldg.University of Alberta

In the tails of dromaeosaurid dinosaurs and rhamphorhynchid pterosaurs, elongate osteological rods extend anteriorly from the chevrons and the prezygapophyses. These caudal rods are positioned in parallel and are stacked dorsoventrally. The fully articulated and three-dimensionally preserved caudal series of some dromaeosaurid specimens show that individually these caudal rods were flexible, not rigid as previously thought. However, examination of the arrangement of the caudal rods in cross-section indicates that the combined effect of multiple caudal rods did provide substantial rigidity in the dorsoventral, but not in the lateral, plane. The results of digital muscle reconstructions confirm that dromaeosaurids and rhamphorhynchids also shared greatly reduced caudofemoral muscles in the anterior tail region. The striking similarities between the tails of dromaeosaurids and rhamphorhynchids suggest that both evolved under similar behavioral and biomechanical pressures. Combined with recent discoveries of primitive deinonychosaurs that phylogenetically bracket the evolution of dromaeosaurid caudal rods between two arboreal gliding/flying forms, these results are evidence that the unique caudal morphologies of dromaeosaurids and rhamphorhynchids were both adaptations for an aerial lifestyle.

关键词： caudal musculature convergent evolution dinosaurs dromaeosaurids functionalmorphology pterosaurs rhamphorhynchids

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Shock attenuation, spatio-temporal and physiological parameter comparisons between land treadmill and water treadmill running

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第4期6卷 482-488页

作者： Paul w. Macdermid philip w. Fink Stephen R. Stannard School of Sport & Exercise College of Health Massey University Palmerston North 4474 New Zealand

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare shock attenuation, spatio-temporal and physiological parameters during water immersed(depth: anterior superior iliac spine) aquatic treadmill(ATM) running and land based treadmill(LTM) running matched for ***: Six participants completed 15 min running under 2 conditions(LTM and ATM) in a randomised and balanced order, matched for *** tri-axial accelerometers placed at the distal tibia, lumbar region, and forehead were used to identify running dynamics and measure acceleration on impact and its attenuation. Expired respiratory gases and heart rate were sampled on a breath-by-breath basis for physiological variable collection throughout each ***: Participants experienced reduced accelerations on impact at the distal tibia(p wer back(p = 0.1363) or forehead(p = 0.0551) during ATM compared to LTM. Consequently, large reductions in shock attenuation occurred during the ATM compared to LTM(p = 0.0001). Stride frequency was greater(p was shorter(p = 0.0341) as a result of reduced swing time(p = 0.0201)for LTM, whilst ATM running increased physiological demand for both heart rate(p w ATM reduces impact stress on the passive structures of the lower limbs whilst increasing physiological demand when running at matched speeds.

关键词： Gait Immersion Impact Training

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