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Enumerating Pattern-avoiding Fishburn Permutations Subject to Seven Statistics

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Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications 2024年第4期44卷 427-436页

作者： Yujie DU philip B.ZHANG College of Mathematical Science Tianjin Normal University

Fishburn permutations are in bijection with several important combinatorial structures including interval orders. In this paper, we use the method of generating trees to enumerate two classes of pattern-avoiding Fishburn permutations subject to 7 classical statistics simultaneously. the classes of our interest are(321,312)-avoiding and(321,4123)-avoiding Fishburn permutations. the statistics of our interest are ascents, descents, inversions, right-to-left maxima, right-to-left minima, left-to-right maxima and left-to-right minima. Our results generalize a result by Egge.

关键词： Fishburn permutation Fishburn number pattern avoidance generating tree

MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bipolar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

作者： Bridget Martinez philip V.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. these studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. the other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. the combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed i

关键词： biomarker bipolar disorder blood leukocytes blood plasma blood plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes blood serum brain tissue brain tissue extracellular vesicles/exosomes lymphoblastoid cell lines microRNA neural progenitor cells whole blood

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MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life ***,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress *** performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PtSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December *** included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA *** of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PtSD subjects compared to *** miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PtSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/

关键词： biomarker diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes post-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole blood whole plasma

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An illustrated guide to:Parsimonious multi-scale full-waveform inversion

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Earthquake Science 2024年第6期37卷 574-583页

作者： Andreas Fichtner Solvi thrastarson Dirk-philip van Herwaarden Sebastian Noe Department of Earth Sciences ETH ZürichZürich 8049Switzerland

Having been a seemingly unreachable ideal for decades,3-D full-waveform inversion applied to massive seismic datasets has become reality in recent *** achieving unprecedented resolution,it has provided new insight into the structure of the Earth,from the upper few metres of soil to the entire *** by these successes,the technology is now being translated to medical ultrasound and non-destructive *** remarkable progress,the computational cost of fullwaveform inversion continues to be a major *** limits the amount of data that can be exploited,and it largely inhibits quantitative and comprehensive uncertainty *** notes complement a presentation on recent developments in full-waveform inversion that are intended to reduce computational cost and assimilate more data,thereby improving tomographic *** suite of strategies includes flexible and user-friendly spectral-element simulations,the design of wavefieldadapted meshes that harness prior information on wavefield geometry,dynamic mini-batch optimisation that naturally takes advantage of data redundancies,and collaborative multi-scale updating to jointly constrain crustal and mantle structure.

关键词： Earth model seismology full-waveform inversion

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Complementary Food Situation in Sierra Leone: Nutritional Problems and Possible Strategies—A Review

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 113-128页

作者： philip John Kanu Milton Margai technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Institute of Food technology Nutrition and Consumer Studies School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Sierra Leone Centre for Development and Food Safety Freetown Sierra Leone

Low nutrient density and bulkiness of complementary foods, early introduction of solid foods, and unhygienic practices during weaning stage of a child predispose infants to malnutrition, growth retardation, infection and high mortality. In most West African countries, especially in Sierra Leone, the use of a variety of home-made complementary foods prepared from locally grown foodstuffs during the weaning process is popular, with products traditionally known as pap (mesh rice water) fofo from cassava, ogi, gari, akamu and couscous. Sierra Leone is one of the countries in West Africa that has been reported to have a challenging situation with regards to complementary foods, and little effort has so far been done to improve the situation. Despite these challenges, very little work has been directed towards the development of complementary foods using local foodstuffs as practiced in some other African countries. this situation has serious impact on the lives of infants in Sierra Leone, thus increasing the rate of mortality in the country. Complementary food situation in Sierra Leone was reviewed in terms of the past and present practices as well as the types of complementary foods used in Sierra Leone. thus, the objective of this review was to discuss the complementary food situation in Sierra Leone: Nutritional problems and possible strategies. Formulation of high nutritive value home-made complementary foods in the country was recommended using traditional food processing techniques such as fermentation and germination, since these methods are simple, and could easily be employed at household and community levels without the use of sophisticated machinery. Nonetheless, it was recently reported that a product from the orange-flesh sweet potato could address the issue of complementary food in the country as it is easy to prepare, and the products are easily available in the rural area and even urban settings. Other recommendations made include: community nutrition edu

关键词： Complementary Food Pap Malnutrition Growth Retardation

Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.Neil J William Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(tHMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porositytimate).Matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)the porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)the granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

Distinct vibrational signatures and complex phase behavior in metallic oxygen

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 4-11页

作者： philip Dalladay-Simpson Bartomeu Monserrat Li Zhang Federico Gorelli Center for High Pressure Science technology Advanced Research 1690 Cailun RoadShanghai 201203China Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridge CB3 OFSUnited Kingdom Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ.J.Thomson AvenueCambridge CB3 OHEUnited Kingdom Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-INO)50125 FlorenceItaly Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences(SHARPS) ShanghaiChina

Evidence for metallization in dense oxygen has been reported for over 30 years[Desgreniers et al.,***.94,1117(1990)]at a now routinely accessible 95 GPa[Shimizu et al.,Nature 393,767(1998)].However,despite the longevity of this result and the technological advances since,the nature of the metallic phase remains poorly constrained[Akahama et al.,***.74,4690(1995);Goncharov et al.,***.B 68,224108(2003);Ma,***.B 76,064101(2007);and Weck et al.,***.102,255503(2009)].In this work,through Raman spectroscopy,we report the distinct vibrational characteristics of metallicζ-O_(2) from 85 to 225 *** comparison with numerical simulations,weﬁnd reasonable agreement with the candidate structure up to about 150 *** higher pressures,the C2/mstructure is found to be unstable and incompatible with experimental *** candidate structures,and Ci,with C2/m C2/conly two molecules in the primitive unit cell,are found to be stable and more compatible with measurements above 175 GPa,indicative of the dissociation of(O_(2))4 ***,we report and discuss a strong hysteresis and metastability with the precursory phaseϵ-O_(2).theseﬁndings will reinvigorate experimental and theoretical work into the dense oxygen system,which will have importance for oxygen-bearing chemistry,prevalent in the deep Earth,as well as fundamental physics.

关键词： metallic phase vibrational

Food Hygiene and Safety Practices amongst Food Vendors in the Western Area, Sierra Leone

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 421-431页

作者： philip John Kanu Hamid turay Milton Margai technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Centre for Development and Food Safety (SL) Limited Freetown Sierra Leone Institute of Food technology Nutrition and Consumer Studies Njala University Njala Sierra Leone

Food safety and hygiene practices require a multisectoral approach including food, water, sanitation, waste management, transport, education, trade, policies and programs that enable safe food preparation, storage and service. Unsafe food can cause illness keeping people from achieving their full potential and death. this was a descriptive study that uses a mixed method approach to derive insights into the characteristics of food vendors related to demography, knowledge, practices, infrastructure, compliance and recommendation for a policymaking framework. Using the Lemeshows’ sample size formula, 473 vendors from formal (restaurants) and informal (cookri-baffa/table top) sites were interviewed and observed. We found from discussions that respondents had a good understanding on how to keep food safe. However, observed practices were poor 93% handled food with their bare hands, 83% did not cover their hair, and 76% did not wear an apron whilst handling, preparing or serving food, 61% did not keep their finger nails clean or short and 57% did not wash their hand before preparing or serving food. Over half (51%) had access to a toilet but 32% reported their use required payment and emphasized their poor condition/inadequate management. Nearly half (47%) of the vending sites did not have a handwashing facility, with soap and water available. Only 7% reported having any authority oversight of food safety. Food safety and hygiene practices in most cookri shops and restaurants was ‘poor’ with very limited surveillance system in place by competent authorities for compliance of food operators. Hand washing, clean surroundings, and covered food were the most common and emphasized practices to mitigate the risks associated with unsafe food.

关键词： Food Safety and Hygiene Formal and Informal Food Vendors Western Area Sierra Leone

Social Effects of Hearing Loss on Patients in Jos, North Central Nigeria

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第5期13卷 403-417页

作者： Benjamin Babson Bako philip Obadiah Gomos ENt Department Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Kazahyet Audiology Services Jos Nigeria

Hearing loss has caused serious social effects among people living with it. those who relate to patients with hearing loss (PHL) also share some part of the negative effects. Some specifics are communication disability, which impacts speech and language development, academic performance, and social or work life. In previous years, the problem was predicted to be aggravated as the expected life span of the population increased. the study was conducted among PHL and their family members in JUtH and Kazahyet Audiology Service in Jos. 150 PHL were purposively sampled. the study was guided by a Cross-sectional Survey Research Design, and the specific objectives were to (1) identify the social effects of hearing loss on the PHL, (2) determine the implication of social effects on PHL, and (3) determine the extent at which these social effects affect PHL. the outcome of the study shows that the social effects faced by PHL are poor relationships, no secrets, dependence on sign language, frustration, depression, and dependence on lip reading. Some stop schooling, and others feel laughed at and therefore choose the path of isolation. the implication is that hearing loss is expensive to manage. PHL always feel they are not contributing their quarter in life as usual;they feel stigmatized and are not easy to relate with. the study recommends that the government should come up with policies that will check man-made behaviors that exert negative social effects on PHL in our society, subsidize the cost of hearing aids and cochlear implants to be affordable for PHL, formulate a policy on mandatory newborn hearing screening before the infant is discharged from the hospital to help in the early identification of hearing loss. Finally, the early creation of awareness of the dangers or consequences of hearing loss will go a long way in preventing our society from involvement in high-risk behaviors that will cause hearing loss.

关键词： Social Effects (Challenges) Hearing Loss Patients with Hearing Loss Family Community