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Review of risk factors for human echinococcosis prevalence on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China: a prospective for control options

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 18-25页

作者： Qian Wang Yan Huang Liang Huang Wenjie Yu Wei He Bo Zhong Wei Li Xiangman Zeng Dominique A Vuitton Patrick Giraudoux philip s craig Weiping Wu sichuan Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention ChengduSichuanChina Ganzi Prefecture Center for Diseases Control and Prevention KangdingSichuanChina Institute of Parasitic Diseases China Center for Diseases Control and PreventionShanghaiChina WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis University Hospital and University of Franche-Comté25030 BesançonFrance Department of Chrono-Environment UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 aff.INRAUniversity of Franche-ComtéBesançonFrance Cestode Zoonoses Research Group Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordGreat Manchester M54WTUK

Objective: Echinococcosis is a major parasitic zoonosis of public health importance in western China. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Health estimated that 380,000 people had the disease in the region. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is highly co-endemic with both alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). In the past years, the Chinese government has been increasing the financial support to control the diseases in this region. Therefore, it is very important to identify the significant risk factors of the diseases by reviewing studies done in the region in the past decade to help policymakers design appropriate control strategies. Review: selection criteria for which literature to review were firstly defined. Medline, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Google scholar were systematically searched for literature published between January 2000 and July 2011. significant risk factors found by single factor and/or multiple factors analysis were listed, counted, and summarized. Literature was examined to check the comparability of the data;age and sex specific prevalence with same data structures were merged and used for further analysis. A variety of assumed social, economical, behavioral, and ecological risk factors were studied on the Plateau. Those most at risk were Tibetan herdsmen, the old and female in particular. By analyzing merged comparable data, it was found that females had a significant higher prevalence, and a positive linearity relationship existed between echinococcosis prevalence and increasing age. In terms of behavioral risk factors, playing with dogs was mostly correlated with CE and/or AE prevalence. In terms of hygiene, employing ground water as the drinking water source was significantly correlated with CE and AE prevalence. For definitive hosts, dog related factors were most frequently identified with prevalence of CE or/and AE;fox was a potential risk factor for AE prevalence only. Overgrazing and deforestation were

关键词： Control options Echinococcosis Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Risk factors

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中国中部寄生虫病的景观控制(英文)

遥感学报 2007年第5期11卷 727-730页

作者： F. Mark Danson Patrick Giraudoux David Pleydell philip s. craig Centre for Environmental systems Research School of Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordManchesterUK Department of Environmental Biology Université de Franche-ComtéBesanonFrance

多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcus multilocularis)的幼虫期导致罕见而致命的肝病即人类的泡型包虫病(HAE)。绦虫在狐狸(或狗类)与一些小型哺乳类动物之间以寄生虫-寄主的方式进行循环传播。中国中部一些地区的人类泡型包虫病属于地方流行病,... 详细信息

多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcus multilocularis)的幼虫期导致罕见而致命的肝病即人类的泡型包虫病(HAE)。绦虫在狐狸(或狗类)与一些小型哺乳类动物之间以寄生虫-寄主的方式进行循环传播。中国中部一些地区的人类泡型包虫病属于地方流行病,在部分乡村的发生概率达到15%。本文研究如何利用遥感数据并基于地区景观特性获取该流行病清晰地空间危害分布图。遥感数据分析的结果显示,人类居住地附近的草地或灌木是HAE传播的一个主要危险区域,从空间分布上看,这些区域是小型哺乳动物等中间寄主的聚集处。

关键词：绦虫遥感寄生虫病中国

Impact of overgrazing on the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan pastoral communities of sichuan Province,China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2007年第3期120卷 237-242页

作者： WANG Qian XIAO Yong-fu Dominique A Vuitton Peter M schantz Francis Raoul Christine Budke Maiza Campos-Ponce philip s craig Patrick Giraudoux sichuan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu610041 China WHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention and Treatment ofAlveolar Echinococcosis sERF and LBE Usc INRA ResearchUnits University of Franche-Comte 25030-Besancon France Institute of Parasitology University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse266a CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Faculty of Earth and Life sciences Free University AmsterdamNetherlands Cestode Zoonoses Research Group Bioscience Research Instituteand School of Environment and Life Sciences University ofSalford Salford MS4WT United Kingdom

Background Overgrazing was assumed to increase the population density of small mammals that are the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis, the pathogen of alveolar echinococcosis in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. This research tested the hypothesis that overgrazing might promote Echinococcus multilocularis transmission through increasing populations of small mammal, intermediate hosts in Tibetan pastoral communities. Methods Grazing practices, small mammal indices and dog Echinococcus multilocularis infection data were collected to analyze the relation between overgrazing and Echinococcus multilocularis transmission using nonparametric tests and multiple stepwise logistic regression. Results In the investigated area, raising livestock was a key industry. The communal pastures existed and the available forage was deficient for grazing. Open （common） pastures were overgrazed and had higher burrow density of small mammals compared with neighboring fenced （private） pastures; this high overgrazing pressure on the open pastures measured by neighboring fenced area led to higher burrow density of small mammals in open pastures. The median burrow density of small mammals in open pastures was independently associated with nearby canine Echinococcus multilocularis infection （P=-0.003, OR=1.048）. Conclusion Overgrazing may promote the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis through increasing the population density of small mammals.

关键词： echinococcosis, hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis overgrazing Tibetan pastoral communities

seasonal pattern of Echinococcus re-infection in owned dogs in Tibetan communities of sichuan, China and its implications for control

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 505-512页

作者： Qian Wang Wen-Jie Yu Bo Zhong Jing-Ye shang Liang Huang Alexander Mastin Renqingpengcuo Yan Huang Guang-Jia Zhang Wei He Patrick Giraudoux Wei-Ping Wu philip s.craig sichuan Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention ChengduSichuanChina school of Environment and Life sciences University of SalfordGreater Manchester M54WTUK shiqu County Center for Diseases Control and Prevention SichuanChina Department of Chrono-environment UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 aff.INRAUniversitéde Franche-ComtéBesançonFrance Institute of Parasitic Diseases China Center for Diseases Control and PreventionShanghaiChina

Background:Human cystic echinococcosis(CE)and alveolar echinococcosis(AE)are highly endemic in Tibetan communities of sichuan *** research in the region indicated that domestic dog was the major source of human infection,and observations indicated that domestic dog could have more access to intermediate hosts of Echinococcus spp.:both domestic livestock(CE)viscera and small mammals(AE),in early winter and again in *** hypothesized that there would therefore be a significant increase in the risk of canine infection with Echinococcus *** these two seasons and conducted a reinfection study to investigate this ***:Faecal samples were collected from owned dogs in seven townships in Ganze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(sichuan Province,China),and Echinococcus *** status was determined using copro-antigen *** were sampled in April(spring),July(early summer),september/October(autumn/early winter)and December(winter)in 2009;and in April(spring)*** were treated with praziquantel following each of the five sample collections to eliminate any *** on dog sex,age and body weight was also *** t-test,Fisher’s exact test,Poisson regression and logistic regression were used to compare means and prevalences,and to identify factors associated with infection ***:The proportion of female dogs was significantly lower than that of male dogs;female dogs had significantly higher(22.78%)baseline copro-ELIsA prevalence than males(11.88%).Dog body weight,sex,age,county and previous infection status at any sampling point had no influence on the re-infection prevalence in *** regression did not found a significant influence on the re-infection prevalence due to different deworming/sampling time *** exhibited significantly higher re-infection prevalences in spring and early summer of 2009 and in early winter between september/October and December of 2009,suggesting a higher infection

关键词： Echinococcus Dog infection seasonal pattern Tibetan communities China

Grass height and transmission ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan communities, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第1期123卷 61-67页

作者： WANG Qian Francis Raoul Christine Budke philip s. craig XIAO Yong-fu, Dominique A. Vuitton,Maiza Campos-Ponce, QIU Dong-chuan, David Pleydell and Patrick Giraudoux XIAO Yong-fu Dominique A. Vuitton Maiza Campos-Ponce QIU Dong-chuan David Pleydell Patrick Giraudoux sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu Sichnan 610041 China Chrono-Environnement-UMR 6249 University of Franche-ComteCNRS 25030 - Besancon France College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical sciences TexasA&M University USA Institute and school of Environment and Life sciences Universityof Salford Salford MS4WT United Kingdom Alveolar Echinococcosis University of Franche-Comte 25030 -Besancon France Earth and Life sciences VU University Amsterdam TheNetherlands

Background Alveolar echinococcosis is a major zoonosis of public health significance in western China. Overgrazing was recently assumed as a potential risk factor for transmission of alveolar echinococcosis. The research was designed to further test the overgrazing hypothesis by investigating how overgrazing influenced the burrow density of intermediate host small mammals and how the burrow density of small mammals was associated with dog Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Methods The study sites were chosen by previous studies which found areas where the alveolar echinococcosis was prevalent. The data, including grass height, burrow density of intermediate host small mammals, dog and fox fecal samples as well as Global Positioning system （GPs） position, were collected from field investigations in shiqu County, sichuan Province, China. The fecal samples were analyzed using copro-PCR. The worms, teeth, bones and hairs in the fecal samples were visually examined. single factor and multifactor analyses tools including chi square and generalized linear models were applied to these data. Results By using grass height as a proxy of grazing grass in the pasture led to lower small mammals＇ pressure in the homogenous pasture, this study found that taller burrow density （X2=4.670, P=0.031, coefficient=-1.570）. The Echinococcus multilocularis worm burden in dogs was statistically significantly related to the maximum density of the intermediate host Ochotona spp. （X2=5.250, P=-0.022, coefficient=0.028）. The prevalence in owned dogs was positively correlated to the number of stray dogs seen within a 200 meter radius （Wald X2=8.375, P=-0.004, odds ratio=1.198）. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that overgrazing promotes transmission of alveolar echinococcosis and confirm the role of stray dogs in the transmission of alveolar echinococcosis.

关键词： alveolar echinococcosis Echinococcosis multilocularis transmission overgrazing grass height small mammals

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四川省雅江县藏区人群绦/囊尾蚴病流行现状

寄生虫病与感染性疾病 2007年第2期5卷 73-75页

作者：阿斗塔李调英陈兴旺邱加闽龙昌平 Akira Ito 邱东川 philip s.craig Yasuhito sako 四川省雅江县疾病预防控制中心四川雅江627450 四川省疾病预防控制中心 Department of Parasitology Asahikawa Medical College Biomedical sciences Research Institute and school of Environment and Life sciences University of Salford

目的了解四川省雅江县呷拉乡藏族人群绦虫病/囊尾蚴病流行现状。方法通过问卷、体检了解近一年内人群排绦虫史、癫痫发作史、皮下结节以及相关的其他临床表现。对自愿接受治疗的患者用吡喹酮驱除绦虫,用multiplex PCR对虫种进行鉴定。对... 详细信息

目的了解四川省雅江县呷拉乡藏族人群绦虫病/囊尾蚴病流行现状。方法通过问卷、体检了解近一年内人群排绦虫史、癫痫发作史、皮下结节以及相关的其他临床表现。对自愿接受治疗的患者用吡喹酮驱除绦虫,用multiplex PCR对虫种进行鉴定。对1例高度怀疑为猪带绦虫患者的粪便标本采用粪-PCR进行检测。用囊液抗原检测血清囊尾蚴病特异性抗体,了解人群囊尾蚴感染水平。结果11.96%(216/1806)的村民近一年内有排绦虫史,1.05%(19/1806)发现皮下结节,0.61%(11/1806)有癫痫发作史。24份虫体标本PCR鉴定结果均为牛带绦虫,1份粪便标本粪-PCR结果为猪带绦虫。4.35%(4/92)人群血清囊尾蚴病抗体阳性。结论牛带绦虫和猪带绦虫共同流行于雅江县呷拉乡,以牛带绦虫为优势虫种。人群囊尾蚴感染率为4.35%。

关键词：牛带绦虫猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病癫痫 multiplex PCR 粪-PCR

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包虫病手术患者1312例流行病学资料分析

寄生虫病与感染性疾病 2008年第3期6卷 117-120页

作者：仁真李调英廖万明陈兴旺赵晓东肖宁喻晓慧张西春 Akira Ito 邱加闽 Patrick Giraudoux philip s craig 中国人民解放军阿坝军分区医院四川马尔康624000 四川省疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所 Asahikawa Medical College Universit'e de Franche-Comt'e Biomedical sciences Research Institute and school of Environment and Life sciences University of Salford

目的了解青藏高原包虫病的分布特点。方法对1992-2006年的1312例包虫病手术患者的相关资料进行分析。结果囊型和泡型包虫病均有分布。患者主要集中于21～50岁,20岁以下的患者相对较少,以藏族为主。囊型包虫病分布于四川省甘孜州和阿坝州... 详细信息

目的了解青藏高原包虫病的分布特点。方法对1992-2006年的1312例包虫病手术患者的相关资料进行分析。结果囊型和泡型包虫病均有分布。患者主要集中于21～50岁,20岁以下的患者相对较少,以藏族为主。囊型包虫病分布于四川省甘孜州和阿坝州的17个县以及青海省果洛州的5个县,而泡型包虫病同时分布于其中的大部分地区。结论囊型和泡型包虫病同时流行于四川省的西北部和青海省的东南部。

关键词：囊型包虫病泡型包虫病组织病理学青藏高原

阿苯达唑脂质体的包封率测定及形态观察(摘要)

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新疆医科大学学报 1993年第4期 344-344页

作者：王建华温浩买尔旦 Roger R.C.New philip s.craig 新疆医学院第一附属医院药剂科新疆医学院第一附属医院普外科新疆医学院第一附属医院药剂科 Cortecs Reseatch Laboratory The school of Pharmacy University of London 29/30 Brunswick squre London WCIN IAX UK Department of Biological sciences University of salford salford M5 44WT UK

阿苯达唑(Albendazole,ABZ)是一种广谱抗寄生虫药,尤其对抗肝包虫是较有效的药物.为了提高其生物利用度,延缓它在体内的代谢,进一步改善疗效,我们将ABZ制成药物新剂型——脂质体.经动物药代动力学实验证明,该脂质体增加了药物的溶解性... 详细信息

阿苯达唑(Albendazole,ABZ)是一种广谱抗寄生虫药,尤其对抗肝包虫是较有效的药物.为了提高其生物利用度,延缓它在体内的代谢,进一步改善疗效,我们将ABZ制成药物新剂型——脂质体.经动物药代动力学实验证明,该脂质体增加了药物的溶解性和稳定性,达到了缓释和靶向给药的目的。本实验对阿苯达唑脂质体采用葡聚糖凝胶sephadex G-50

关键词：包封率脂质体变异系数

Male infertility microsurgical training

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 61-66页

作者： Akanksha Mehta philip s Li Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery Cornell Institute for Reproductive Medicine Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY10065 USA

Microsurgical training is imperative for urologists and clinical andrologists specializing in male infertility. success in male infertility microsurgery is heavily dependent on the surgeon＇s microsurgical skills. Laboratory-based practice to enhance microsurgical skills improves the surgeon＇s confidence, and reduces stress and operating time, benefiting both the patient and the surgeon. This review provides guidelines for setting up a microsurgical laboratory to develop and enhance microsurgical skills using synthetic and animal models. The role of emerginE techniaues, such as robotic-assisted microsureerv, is also discussed.

关键词： laboratory male infertility microsurgery training vasoepididymostomy vasovasostomy