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Traits of an invasive grass conferring an early growth advantage over native grasses

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 672-681页

作者： lara G.Reichmann Susanne Schwinning H.Wayne Polley philip A.Fay Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory808 E Blackland RoadTempleTX 76502USA Department of Biology Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA

Aims Invasive species often have higher relative growth rates(RGR)than their native *** use efficiency,total leaf area and specific leaf area(SlA)are traits that may confer RGR differences between natives and invasives,but trait differences are less prominent when the invasive species belongs to the same plant functional type as the dominant native ***,we test if traits displayed soon after germination confer an early size ***,we predicted that invasive species seedlings grow faster than the natives because they lack trade-offs that more strongly constrain the growth of native *** We quantified plant morphological and physiological traits and RGR during early seedling growth at high and low nutrient levels in three dominant perennial native C_(4) grasses:Panicum virgatum l.(switchgrass),Schizachyrium scoparium(Michx.)Nash(little bluestem)and Andropogon gerardii Vitman(big bluestem);and a perennial C_(4) exotic invasive grass,Sorghum halepense(l.)Pers.(Johnsongrass).Important Findings After 2 weeks of growth,Johnsongrass seedlings had greater biomass,SlA and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency,but lower leaf N concentrations(%leaf N)and root:shoot ratio than *** growth continued,Johnsongrass more quickly produced larger and thicker leaves than the natives,which dampened the growth advantage past the first 2 to 3 weeks of *** in carbon gain appears to be the best explanation for the early growth advantage of *** natives,growth was constrained by an apparent trade-off between allocation to root biomass,which reduced SlA,and production of leaves with high N content,which increased carbon *** Johnsongrass,root:shoot ratio did not interact with other traits,and%leaf N was decoupled from RGR as a result of a trade-off between the positive indirect association of%leaf N with RGR and the negative direct association of%leaf N with RGR.

关键词： biomass allocation invasive plants RGR Sorghum halepense trade-offs trait development

Role of Phosphatases During Transport and Energy Matabolism in labeo rohita After Exposureto Cypermethrin

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1996年第1期9卷 52-59页

作者： G.H.philip J.ANURADHA DepartmentofPhysilogy MorehouseScoolofMedicine720WestiewDriveAtanta30310GAU.S.A DepartmentofZoolo

Freshwater fish, labeo rohita, were exposed to sublethal concentration (0.5 μg·l-1) of cypermethrin for 7 and 15 days to examine the bioenergetics in functionally four differnt tissues, namely, gill, liver, brain and muscle. Whole animal oxygen consumption was measured first and it was found to decrease in both the exposure periods (EPs), manifesting respiratory distress of the animal in toxic environment. Ionic regulation and energy requirements were also found to be altered under stress, as observed by the inhibition of both Na+/K+ and Mg2+ ATPases at 7d EP and elevation at 15d EP. Increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) was consistent with the increase in exposure *** of acid and alkaline phosphatases were noticed in treated fish after 7 days but were close to normalcy at 15d EP. These results clearly indicate that the fish were affected at 7d EP but adapted to the toxic environment within 15 days. It shows that at this concentration cypermethrin is only moderately toxic and the animal has alternate pathways to derive energy and survive.

关键词： Role of Phosphatases During Transport and Energy Matabolism in labeo rohita After Exposureto Cypermethrin In ATPase

A novel homozygous missense variant in ARSK causes MPS X,a new subtype of mucopolysaccharidosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 87-90页

作者： Miao Sun Cornelia K.Kaminsky philip Deppe Mai-Brittllse Frederic M.Vaz Barbara Plecko Torben lubke linda M.Randolph Division of Genomic Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90027USA Department of Radiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90027USA Department of Chemistry BiochemistryBielefeld UniversityBielefeld 33615Germany Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Department of Clinical Chemistry and PediatricsLaboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesEmma Children's HospitalMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam 1100 DEthe Netherlands Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Inborn Errors of MetabolismAmsterdam 1105 BKthe Netherlands Core Facility Metabolomics Amsterdam UMC Location University of AmsterdamAmsterdam 1100DDthe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics Division of General PediatricsMedical Universityof GrazGraz8036Austria Division of Medical Genetics Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90027USA

Mucopolysaccharidoses(MPS)are a group of rare inborn errors of metabolism caused by defective lysosomal enzymes which prevent cells from degrading and recycling certain carbohydrates and fats,resulting in the storage of glycosaminoglycans in cells throughout the *** leads to multisystem abnormalities involving bone,connective tissues,brain,blood,spinal cord,skin,and other tissues.

关键词： metabolism doses polys

Preoperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing liver resection:A prospective randomized trial

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第3期11卷 305-317页

作者： Kylie Russell Han-Guang Zhang lyn K GillANDers Adam SJR Bartlett Helena l Fisk philip C Calder Peter J Swan lindsay D Plank Nutrition Services Auckland City Hospital Department of Surgery University of Auckland New Zealand liver Transplant Unit Auckland City Hospital Human Development and Health Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton

BACKGROUND Preoperative supplementation with immunonutrients, including arginine and n-3 fatty acids, has been shown in a number of systematic reviews to reduce infectious complications in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery. limited information, however, is available on the benefits of nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids in patients undergoing liver *** To evaluate the effects of preoperative nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and immunologic markers and clinical outcome in patients undergoing liver *** Thirty-four patients undergoing liver resection were randomized to either five days of preoperative Impact? [1020 kcal/d, immunonutrition(IMN) group], or standard care [no supplementation, standard care(STD) group]. Nutritional status was measured at study entry by subjective global assessment(SGA).Functional assessments(grip strength, fatigue and performance status) were carried out at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and on postoperative day(POD) 7 and 30. Inflammatory and immune markers were measured at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and POD 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 30. Postoperative complications were recorded prospectively until *** A total of 32 patients(17 IMN and 15 STD) were analysed. All except four patients were SGA class A. The plasma ratio of(eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid) to arachidonic acid was higher in IMN patients on the day prior to surgery and POD 1, 3, 5 and 7(P lasma interleukin(Il)-6 concentrations were elevated in the IMN group(P = 0.017 for POD7). No treatment effect was detected for functional measures, immune response(white cell count and total lymphocytes) or markers of inflammation(C-reactive protein,tumour necrosis factor-α, Il-8, Il-10). There were 10 patients with infectious complications in the IMN group and 4 in the STD group(P = 0.087). Median hospital st

关键词： liver cancer Partial hepatectomy Fish oil Arginine Nutritional status Inflammation

Hydrogen sutfide protects colon cancer cells from chemopreventative agent β-phenylethyl isothiocvanate induced apoptosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第26期11卷 3990-3997页

作者： Peter Rose philip K Moore Shen Han Ming Ong Choon Nam Jeffrey S Armstrong Matt Whiteman Department of Biochemistry National University of Singapore 8 Medical Drive117597Singapore Department of Pharmacology National University of Singapore 18 Medical Drive117597 Singapore Department of Community Occupational and Family Medicine National University of Singapore 16 Medical Drive 117597 Singapore

AIM:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a prominent gaseous constituent of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with known cytotoxic properties. Endogenous concentrations of H2S are reported to range between 0.2-3.4 mmol/l in the GI tract of mice and humans. Considering such high levels we speculate that, at non-toxic concentrations, H2S may interact with chemical agents and alter the response of colonic epithelium cells to such compounds. The GI tract is a major site for the absorption of phytochemical constituents such as isothiocyanates, flavonoids, and carotenoids, with each group having a role in the prevention of human diseases such as colon cancer. The chemopreventative properties of the phytochemical agent p-phenyethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) are well recognized. However, little is currently known about the physiological or biochemical factors present in the GI tract that may influence the biological properties of ITCs. The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of H2S on PEITC mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells. METHODS: Induction of apoptosis by PEITC in human colon cancer HCT116 cells was assessed using classic apoptotic markers namely SubGl population analysis, caspase-3 like activity and nuclear fragmentation and condensation coupled with the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide) viability assay and lDH leakage. RESUlTS: PEITC significantly induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells as assessed by SubGl population formation, nuclear condensation, lDH leakage and caspase-3 activity after 24 h, these data being significant from control groups (Plls with physiological concentrations of H2S (0.1-1 mmol/l) prevented PEITC mediated apoptosis as assessed using the parameters described. CONClUSION: PEITC effectively induced cell death in the human adenocarcinoma cell line HCT116 in vitro through classic apoptotic mechanisms. However, in the presence of H2S, apoptosis was abolished. These data sugg

关键词： Apoptosis Colon cancer Hydrogen sulfide β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate

Burden of chronic diseases among sarcoma survivors treated with anthracycline chemotherapy:results from an observational study

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 246-257页

作者： laurence H.Baker philip S.Boonstra Denise K.Reinke Erin J.Peregrine Antalis Bradley J.Zebrack Richard l.Weinberg Department Internal Medicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Biostatistics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA School of Social Work University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Aim:Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality among long-term cancer survivors treated with large total doses of *** increase in coronary artery disease(CAD)among childhood cancer survivors by age 45 has been observed and is driven by primarily anthracycline chemotherapy and to a lesser extent chest radiation that includes the heart in the radiation *** risk factors and associated chronic diseases(hypertension,etc.)are well known for CAD and can be often prevented or treated,thus reducing the risk of CAD in these *** piloted a risk-based survivorship clinic in an academic medical center to characterize the distribution of risk factors for CAD and improve the quality of life in a population of sarcoma survivors treated with ***:We followed a prospective cohort of sixty-one survivors of bone and soft tissue sarcoma treated with doxorubicin chemotherapy(>400 mg/m2)and at least 2 years post-therapy attending the sarcoma survivorship *** collected clinical,demographic data,and patient reported outcomes via PROMIS questionnaires ***:We demonstrated a high burden of chronic diseases in this *** six chronic conditions that are known risk factors for CAD(hypertension,diabetes,obesity,chronic inflammation,kidney disease and dyslipidemia),more than one-fourth(26%,16/61)of patients had three or more of these risk factors at baseline visit,and 49%(30/61)had two or ***:The results of this pilot study support the presence of modifiable CAD risk factors in this population of sarcoma ***-based guidelines for high-risk survivors of rare cancers are needed.

关键词： Coronary artery disease cardiovascular disease sarcoma anthracycline cancer survivor

Modeling the mechanical properties of ultra-thin polymer films

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2017年第4期5卷 26-32页

作者： Francisco Espinosa-loza Michael Stadermann Chantel Aracne-Ruddle Rebecca Casey philip Miller Russel Whitesides lawrence livermore National laboratory 7000 East AvenueL-471LivermoreCA 94550USA

A modeling method to extract the mechanical properties of ultra-thin films(10–100 nm thick) from experimental data generated by indentation of freestanding circular films using a spherical indenter is presented. The relationship between the mechanical properties of the film and experimental parameters including load, and deflection are discussed in the context of a constitutive material model, test variables, and analytical approaches. Elastic and plastic regimes are identified by comparison of finite element simulation and experimental data.

关键词： indentation optimization ultra-thin films

International Marketing 12th ed.

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Prevalence and predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome

丛书名：教育部高校工商管理类教学指导委员会双语推荐教材

2005年

作者： philip R.Cateora John l.Graham

本书内容包括：概论、全球市场的文化环境、制定全球营销战略、补充材料四大部分。突出了营销环境尤其是文化因素对于国际营销的影响，阐述了普遍适用于大多数国家或地区的国际营销分析框架。

ISBN: (纸本)7300063128

关键词： Export marketing. International business enterprises.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第44期26卷 7046-7060页

作者： Mohamed Shengir Srinivasan Krishnamurthy Peter Ghali Marc Deschenes philip Wong Tianyan Chen Giada Sebastiani Department of Experimental Medicine McGill UniversityMontreal H4A3J1Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology McGill University Health CentreMontreal H4A3J1Canada Department of Medicine McGill University Health CentreMontreal H4A3J1Canada

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary disease(PCOS)may be a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFlD)due to common pathogenetic pathways,including insulin resistance and *** PCOS and NAFlD are more severe in South Asian *** on NAFlD in South Asian women with PCOS are *** To investigate prevalence and predictors of NAFlD and liver fibrosis in PCOS patients from South *** We conducted an observational routine screening program by means of transient elastography(TE)with associated controlled attenuation parameter(CAP).NAFlD was defined as CAP≥288 decibels per *** liver fibrosis(stage 2 and higher out of 4)was defined as TE measurement≥8.0 *** alanine aminotransferase(AlT)was defined as AlT>24 IU/l,as per upper limit of normal reported in South Asian *** hyperandrogenism was defined as free androgen index>*** of NAFlD were determined by logistic regression *** 101 PCOS patients(mean age 36.3 years)with no significant alcohol intake or viral hepatitis were *** of NAFlD and significant liver fibrosis was 39.6% and 6.9%,*** AlT was observed in 40%and 11.5%of patients with and without NAFlD,*** adjusting for duration of PCOS and insulin resistance measured by homeostasis model for assessment of insulin resistance,independent predictors of NAFlD were higher body mass index[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)1.30,95% confidence interval(CI):1.13-1.52],hyperandrogenism(aOR:5.32,95%CI:1.56-18.17)and elevated AlT(aOR:3.54,95%CI:1.10-11.47).lifetime cardiovascular risk was higher in patients with NAFlD compared to those without NAFlD(0.31±0.11 vs 0.26±0.13).CONClUSION Despite their young age,NAFlD diagnosed by TE with CAP is a frequent comorbidity in South Asian women with PCOS and is strongly associated with higher body mass index and ***-invasive screening strategies could help early diagnosis and initiation of interventi

关键词： Body mass index Transient elastography Controlled attenuation parameter Hyperadrogenism Alanine aminotransferase lifetime cardiovascular risk