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Screening for CKD in the Adult Population: Is there a Boundary

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Screening for CKD in the Adult Population: Is there a Bounda...

中华医学会肾脏病学分会2006年学术年会

作者： philip kam-tao LI Department of Medicine & Therapeutics Prince of Wales Hospital Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong

End stage renal disease (ESRD) is epidemic worldwide and it imposes substantial patient morbidity and mortality and consumes a large portion of the healthcare expenditure of a society. An effective screening program makes use of acceptable tests that can accurately and reliably detect relatively asymptomatic disease at an early stage. Ideally this will allow an effective treatment, resulting in improved outcomes when compared with an unscreened population. Its value increases if there is a significant prevalence of the disease in the population, and a considerable proportion of the target population has preclinical or asymptomatic disease.

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急性肾损伤：全球健康警钟

中华肾脏病杂志 2013年第2期29卷 83-87页

作者： philip kam tao Li Emmanuel A Burdmann Ravindra L Mehta 艾珍(翻译) 张望(翻译) 毛海萍(审校) 刘志红(审校) 中国香港中文大学威尔士亲王医院内科及药物治疗科学系巴西圣保罗医科大学内科学系美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校内科学系

2013年世界肾脏日指导委员会急性肾损伤（AKI）在发展中国家和发达国家越来越常见，与高发病率及病死率相关。大多数AKI的致病因素可通过个人、社区、地区及医院内多层次来干预。有效预防AKI的措施需要全社会的共同努力，从而增强对AKI... 详细信息

2013年世界肾脏日指导委员会急性肾损伤（AKI）在发展中国家和发达国家越来越常见，与高发病率及病死率相关。大多数AKI的致病因素可通过个人、社区、地区及医院内多层次来干预。有效预防AKI的措施需要全社会的共同努力，从而增强对AKI巨大危害性的认识，并提供AKI预防策略以及早期识别和管理方面的指导。预防的重点在于尽量减少AKI的发生，加强对高危患者血肌酐水平连续测量重要性的认识，详细记录急性起病患者的尿量进而达到早期诊断的目的。然而目前尚缺乏其他明确的能诊断AKI的生物标志物。AKI的防治需要系统地管理肾前状态以及特定感染。

关键词：急性肾损伤健康预防策略高危患者早期诊断世界肾脏日发展中国家生物标志物

Non-vesicle-bound free microRNAs could enter cells and affect gene expression

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第3期3卷 181-185页

作者： Gang Wang Ka-Bik Lai Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwa Kai-Ming Chow philip kam-tao Li Cheuk-Chun Szeto Department of Medicine & Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Background: Cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) exist in body fluid. Previous studies showed that cell-free mi-RNAs are partly bound in microvesicles, and could transfer between cells via fusion with cell membrane. Methods: We quantified the amount of a panel of mi-RNA targets in and outside microvesicles in human proximal tubular epithelial cell (HK2) medium by microarray and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Intercellular miRNA transfer was explored by medium transfer experiments. Results: We identified a portion of cell-free miRNAs that exists as non-vesicle bound, truly naked form. More importantly, these non-vesicle bound free miRNA could transfer between cells and exert biological effects. By miRNA microarray, we showed that the expression of many miRNA targets in HK-2 cells were altered, either up- or down-regulated, after exposure to extrinsic free miRNAs. The miRNA-200 family was the most affected in our model, with a corresponding alteration in the messenger RNA expression of down-stream targets including ZEB1 and vimentin. Conclusion: Our results suggest that free miRNA may serve as an intercellular messenger, a phenomenon that needs further exploration.

关键词： Cell Signaling Fibrosis Cytokine

Vesicle-bound and free microRNAs in spent cell culture medium and biological fluids

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第8期3卷 1091-1095页

作者： Gang Wang Ka-Bik Lai Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan Kai-Ming Chow philip kam-tao Li Cheuk-Chun Szeto Department of Medicine & Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Background: In addition to the control of gene transla- tion intra-cellularly, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to exist extracellularly. However, extracellular miRNA identified in previous studies were largely confined to microvesicles. It remains uncertain whether free extracellular miRNA exists. Methods: We quantify a panel of miRNAs (miRNA 200 family, miR-205, and miR-192) in spent culture medium of renal tubular epithelial cells, as well as serum and urine from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy controls. Microvesicle bound and free miRNA were separated by ultracentrifugation. Results: In spent cell culture medium, we found substantial amount of miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, miR-429, miR-205, and miR-192 in microvesicles, as well as the presence of miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-429, miR-205 and miR-192, but not miR-200c or miR-141 as non-vesicle bound free form. In healthy individuals, we found substantial amount of miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-192 in microvesicles from serum and urine, while only miR-141 exists as free form in both serum and urine. There was no significant difference in serum or urinary free miR-141 levels between SLE patients and healthy controls. In SLE patients, urinary free miR-141 level was signifiantly higher than serum. Neither serum nor urinary free miR-141 levels correlated with lupus disease activity. Conclusion: We found miRNA is present extracellularly, both within microvesicles and as free form, in spent cell culture medium, serum and urine. The biological role of extracellular miRNA requires further study.

关键词： Cell Signaling Fibrosis Cytokine

Modelling the brittle rock failure by the quaternion-based bonded-particle model in DEM

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Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Rock Mechanics Bulletin 2024年第2期3卷 87-95页

作者： tao Zhao philip E.F.Collins Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Brunel University LondonLondonUB83PHUnited Kingdom

This paper presents an investigation of brittle rock failure by the quaternion-based bonded-particle model in discrete element method(DEM).Unlike traditional approaches that utilize Euler angles or rotation matrices,this model employs unit quaternions to represent the spatial rotations of *** method simplifies the rep-resentation of 3D rotations,providing a more intuitive framework for modelling complex interactions in granular *** numerical model was validated by the uniaxial compression tests on rock,with good agreement with well-documented experimental data in terms of the rock uniaxial compression strength(UCS)and failure *** loading,the rock sample demonstrated a linear-elastic response at an axial strain of smaller than 0.45%.However,as internal bond breakage accumulated,this linear relationship weakened,and the stress-strain curve began to deviate from its initial linear *** bond breakage and the overall deformation of the rock were primarily controlled by the shear bonding *** UCS was achieved at an axial strain of 0.625%,at which point the internal shear bonding force chains were predominantly aligned *** brittle failure occurred when the internal damage of solids nucleated to form an interconnected failure plane,accompanied by a sharp rise in the internal damage *** area of failure plane increased with the loading strain rate,gradually transforming the failure pattern from the local damage to a complete fragmentation.

关键词： Brittle failure Quaternion DEM bonded model Uniaxial compression test Rate dependent Internal damage

Intra-renal and urinary RNA expression of podcyte-associated molecules in patients with IgA nephropathy

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2010年第3期1卷 232-237页

作者： Gang Wang Bonnie Ching Kwan Fernand Mac-Moune Lai Paul Cheung-Lung Choi Kai-Ming Chow philip kam-tao Li Cheuk-Chun Szeto 不详

Background Podocyte injury probably plays important roles in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We studied intra-renal and urinary messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of podocyte-associated molecules in patients with IgAN. Methods We studied 43 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven IgAN. Intra-renal and urinary expression of mRNAs was determined and compared to that of 20 patients with nephrectomy for kidney cancer and 12 normal subjects. Results Intra-renal mRNA expression levels of nephrin, podocin and synaptopodin were significantly lower in patients with IgAN than that of controls. In contrast, their urinary mRNA expression levels were similar. Intra-renal gene expression of nephrin inversely correlated with proteinuria (r = –0.620, P <0.001), GFR (r = 0.538, P <0.001), and the degree of tubulointerstitial scarring (r = –0.423, P = 0.013). After followed for an average of 33.4 ? 12.6 months, intra-renal nephrin expression significantly correlated with the rate of GFR decline (r = 0.324, P = 0.041). Conclusions Intra-renal mRNA expression of podocyte associated molecules was down-regulated in patients with IgAN, and the degree of down- regulation of nephrin correlated with disease severity and the rate of progression. Our result supports the hypothesis that podocyte injury is an important component in the pathophysiology of IgAN.

关键词： Glomerulonephritis Proteinuria Chronic Kidney Diseases

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to C_(2)H_(4): From lab to fab

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 540-564,I0012页

作者： Zeyu Guo Fabao Yang Xiaotong Li Huiwen Zhu Hainam Do kam Loon Fow Jonathan D.Hirst tao Wu Qiulin Ye Yaqi Peng Hao Bin Wu Angjian Wu Mengxia Xu Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and New Materials InstituteUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Department of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina Institute for Composites Science Innovation(InCSI)and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina School of Chemistry University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Baima Lake Laboratory Hangzhou 310053ZhejiangChina

The global concerns of energy crisis and climate change,primarily caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),are of utmost ***,the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to high value-added multi-carbon(C_(2+)) products driven by renewable electricity has emerged as a highly promising solution to alleviate energy shortages and achieve carbon *** these C_(2+) products,ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))holds particular importance in the petrochemical ***,this review aims to establish a connection between the fundamentals of electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction to ethylene(CO_(2)RRto-C_(2)H_(4)) in laboratory-scale research(lab) and its potential applications in industrial-level fabrication(fab).The review begins by summarizing the fundamental aspects,including the design strategies of high-performance Cu-based electrocatalysts and advanced electrolyzer ***,innovative and value-added techniques are presented to address the inherent challenges encountered during the implementations of CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) in industrial ***,case studies of the technoeconomic analysis of the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process are discussed,taking into factors such as costeffectiveness,scalability,and market *** review concludes by outlining the perspectives and challenges associated with scaling up the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) *** insights presented in this review are expected to make a valuable contribution in advancing the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process from lab to fab.

关键词： CO_(2) electroreduction reaction Ethylene Gas diffusion electrode Machine learning Density functional theory Techno-economic analysis

2022版国际腹膜透析协会腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎防治指南更新重点内容

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中华肾脏病杂志 2022年第10期38卷 938-944页

作者：田娜周启明余学清李锦滔宁夏医科大学总医院肾脏内科银川750004 香港威尔斯亲王医院内科及药物治疗学系、香港中文大学余宇康余雷觉云腹膜透析研究中心中国香港特别行政区999077 广东省人民医院肾内科广州510080

腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)相关性腹膜炎(PD-associated peritonitis,PDAP)是PD的严重并发症,防治PDAP对降低患者的发病率和病死率至关重要。近期发布的2022版国际腹膜透析协会(International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis,ISPD)有关PDAP防治指南中,对于难治性腹膜炎(refractory peritonitis)、再发性腹膜炎(recurrent peritonitis)、复发性腹膜炎(relapsing peritonitis)、重现性腹膜炎(repeat peritonitis)、腹膜炎相关导管拔除(peritonitis-associated catheter removal)、腹膜炎相关转血液透析(peritonitis-associated haemodialysis transfer)、腹膜炎相关死亡(peritonitis-associated death)、腹膜炎相关住院(peritonitis-associated hospitalisation)等概念均赋以明确定义,提出了一些新的腹膜炎类型和预后概念,如PD前腹膜炎(pre-PD peritonitis)、肠源性腹膜炎(enteric peritonitis)、导管相关性腹膜炎(catheter-related peritonitis)及腹膜炎的临床治愈(medical cure)。新指南建议PDAP的总体发生风险应低于0.4例次/患者年,每年无腹膜炎患者占比应高于80%。对于PD系统污染的处理、侵入性操作的抗生素预防、PD培训与再评估以及腹膜炎可预防的风险因素如豢养宠物、H2受体拮抗剂等热点问题均在新指南中给予了阐释。经验性抗生素的选择和剂量,及针对特殊病原菌口服N-乙酰半胱氨酸辅助减轻氨基糖苷类耳毒性的新方法也在新指南中进行了介绍。最后,指南对未来腹膜炎防治的研究方向给出了建议。

关键词：腹膜透析腹膜炎指南治疗预防预后

The gene expression of NGAL and TLR9 in glomerulus and tubulo-interstitium of patients with lupus nephritis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2011年第1期2卷 33-39页

作者： Jianxin Lu Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan Fernand Mac-Moune Lai Paul Cheung-Lung Choi Lai-Shan Tam Edmund Kwok-Ming Li Kai-Ming Chow Gang Wang philip kam-tao Li Cheuk-Chun Szeto 不详

Background The role of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis remain elusive. Methods We quantified the glomerular and tubulointerstitial mRNA expression of NGAL and TLR9 in 42 patients with lupus nephritis (LN group) and 10 controls. Results As compared to controls, LN group had higher glomerular expression of TLR9, and higher tubulointerstitial expression of NGAL and TLR9. Tubulointerstitial NGAL expression significantly correlated with proteinuria (r = 0.492;p = 0.003), renal function (r = -0.386;p = 0.022) and histological chronicity index (r = 0.540;p = 0.004). Proteinuria had significant correlation with glomerular (r = 0.554;p = 0.001) and tubulointerstitial (r = 0.379;p = 0.043) TLR9 expression. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in tubulointerstitial expression of NGAL between treatment response groups. Conclusion There is an increase in intra-renal mRNA expression of NGAL and TLR9 in LN. Although tubulointerstitial expression of NGAL does not correlate with systemic disease activity, it correlates with proteinuria, renal function, and therapeutic response. The role of NGAL in the pathogensis in LN, as well as its application as biomarker for lupus nephritis, requires further study.

关键词： Lupus Nephritis Immunology Cytokine