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美国职业病控制

工业卫生与职业病 1988年第4期 249-251页

作者： David C.Christini,james M.Melius,philip j.landrigan,Molly j.Copy,David H.Wegman,张学书哈佛公共卫生学院职业卫生系及麻省中心医院肺科国家职业安全与卫生研究所西萘山医学院环境科学实验室新泽西州公共卫生署加州大学公共卫生学院环境与职业卫生学

在美国,与职业有关的损伤和疾病是一重要的公共卫生问题,每年约有1/11的工人因接触作业环境中的有害因素而患病或受到损伤(Bureau ofLabour Statistics.1980)。全美在雇工11人以上的工场工作的工人中,至少有4,500例死亡与工作有关,550... 详细信息

在美国,与职业有关的损伤和疾病是一重要的公共卫生问题,每年约有1/11的工人因接触作业环境中的有害因素而患病或受到损伤(Bureau ofLabour Statistics.1980)。全美在雇工11人以上的工场工作的工人中,至少有4,500例死亡与工作有关,550万人致残,工伤缺勤每年达3,600万工作日,非创伤性职业病及其死亡的确切资料较难获得,据七十年代初的估计,每年约有1万人因职业接触死亡,40万人患病(总统报告,1972)。第二次产业革命以来,由于某些重大职业病的发生,使人们认识到作业环境对健康影响的重要性。包括:

关键词：职业病职业性疾病职业安全卫生国家职业安全与卫生研究所尘肺煤矿工人美国美利坚合众国北美洲劳动卫生 NIOSH 膀胱肿瘤泌尿系肿瘤

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美国职业病控制(续)

工业卫生与职业病 1988年第5期 314-318页

作者： David C.Christini,james M.Melius,philip j.landrigan,Molly j.Copy,David H.Wegman,张学书哈佛公共卫生学院职业卫生系及麻省中心医院肺科国家职业安全卫生研究所西萘山医学院环境科学实验室新泽西州公共卫生署加州大学公共卫生学院环境与职业卫生学系

工人在以下情况接触电离辐射:(1)核电站工作,(2)X-线机操作;(3)铀矿或其他矿物开采,接触α射线(氡子体);(4)工厂及医院使用放射性核素。尽管企业中极少发生急性放射病,但长时间接触放射线可引起各种类型的肿瘤,如铀矿及其他岩矿可放出... 详细信息

工人在以下情况接触电离辐射:(1)核电站工作,(2)X-线机操作;(3)铀矿或其他矿物开采,接触α射线(氡子体);(4)工厂及医院使用放射性核素。尽管企业中极少发生急性放射病,但长时间接触放射线可引起各种类型的肿瘤,如铀矿及其他岩矿可放出α射线使肺癌危险性明显升高。就室外作业、焊接和璃玻制造等行业而言,接触紫外线是一重要问题。接触紫外线对健康的影响包括:(1)皮肤病;(2)强烈的眼部刺激, (3)甚至诱发皮肤肿瘤。红外线是玻璃制造、钢铁焊接、铸造等有关企业中常见的职业危害因素(NIOSH,1982),过量接触可引起白内障、皮肤和眼睛灼伤。

关键词：职业危害职业病农业工人职业接触防护用品除草剂除莠剂防毒面罩美国美利坚合众国北美洲职业卫生劳动卫生 NIOSH 皮肤肿瘤生物性潜在影响筛检精神紧张农业机械化农业现代化

Distinct vibrational signatures and complex phase behavior in metallic oxygen

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 4-11页

作者： philip Dalladay-Simpson Bartomeu Monserrat Li Zhang Federico Gorelli Center for High Pressure Science Technology Advanced Research 1690 Cailun RoadShanghai 201203China Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridge CB3 OFSUnited Kingdom Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ.J.Thomson AvenueCambridge CB3 OHEUnited Kingdom Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-INO)50125 FlorenceItaly Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences(SHARPS) ShanghaiChina

Evidence for metallization in dense oxygen has been reported for over 30 years[Desgreniers et al.,***.94,1117(1990)]at a now routinely accessible 95 GPa[Shimizu et al.,Nature 393,767(1998)].However,despite the longevity of this result and the technological advances since,the nature of the metallic phase remains poorly constrained[Akahama et al.,***.74,4690(1995);Goncharov et al.,***.B 68,224108(2003);Ma,***.B 76,064101(2007);and Weck et al.,***.102,255503(2009)].In this work,through Raman spectroscopy,we report the distinct vibrational characteristics of metallicζ-O_(2) from 85 to 225 *** comparison with numerical simulations,weﬁnd reasonable agreement with the candidate structure up to about 150 *** higher pressures,the C2/mstructure is found to be unstable and incompatible with experimental *** candidate structures,and Ci,with C2/m C2/conly two molecules in the primitive unit cell,are found to be stable and more compatible with measurements above 175 GPa,indicative of the dissociation of(O_(2))4 ***,we report and discuss a strong hysteresis and metastability with the precursory phaseϵ-O_(2).Theseﬁndings will reinvigorate experimental and theoretical work into the dense oxygen system,which will have importance for oxygen-bearing chemistry,prevalent in the deep Earth,as well as fundamental physics.

关键词： metallic phase vibrational

Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.Neil j William Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porosity<1%,perhaps an underestimate).Matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

Adaptive neural network control of a 2-DOF helicopter system considering input constraints and global prescribed performance

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 224-239页

作者： Zhijia ZHAO jiale WU Zhijie LIU We HE C.L.philip CHEN School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guangzhou University School of Intelligence Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bionic Unmanned Systems of Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Pazhou Lab

In this study, an adaptive neural network(NN) control is proposed for nonlinear two-degree-offreedom(2-DOF) helicopter systems considering the input constraints and global prescribed ***, radial basis function NN(RBFNN) is employed to estimate the unknown dynamics of the helicopter system. Second, a smooth nonaffine function is exploited to approximate and address nonlinear constraint functions. Subsequently, a new prescribed function is proposed, and an original constrained error is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained error using the error transformation and barrier function transformation methods. The analysis of the established Lyapunov function proves that the controlled system is globally uniformly bounded. Finally, the simulation and experimental results on a constructed Quanser's test platform verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed control.

关键词： adaptive NN control 2-DOF helicopter global prescribed performance input constraints

Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： jason philip Appleton Lisa j Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon Timothy j England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir john Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

Lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to the blood-brain barrier

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9126-9134页

作者： Yanina Kuzminich Avraham Shakked Randi Calkins Sebastian Rudden Camille jones jessie Doan Bora jang Elisa Schrader Echeverri Ryan Zenhausern Liming Lian David Loughrey Hannah E.Peck Rachelle Wiese Dorothy Koveal philip j.Santangelo james E.Dahlman George C.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)have delivered RNA to hepatocytes in patients after intravenous *** clinical data support efforts to design LNPs that transfect cells in the central nervous system(CNS).However,delivery to the CNS has been difficult,in large part because quantifying on-target delivery alongside common off-target cell types in adult mice remains *** we report methods to isolate different cell types from the CNS,and subsequently present mRNA delivery readouts using a liver-detargeted *** data suggest that LNPs without targeting ligands can transfect cerebral endothelial cells in mice after intravenous *** the difficulty of crossing the blood-brain barrier,they also underscore the value of quantifying delivery in the CNS with cell-type resolution instead of whole-tissue resolution.

关键词： lipid nanoparticle mRNA nanomedicine central nervous system blood-brain barrier

Boosting Adaptive Weighted Broad Learning System for Multi-Label Learning

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IEEE/CAA journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第11期11卷 2204-2219页

作者： Yuanxin Lin Zhiwen Yu Kaixiang Yang Ziwei Fan C.L.philip Chen the School of Computer Science and Engineering in South China University of Technology IEEE the Pengcheng Laboratory

Multi-label classification is a challenging problem that has attracted significant attention from researchers, particularly in the domain of image and text attribute annotation. However, multi-label datasets are prone to serious intra-class and inter-class imbalance problems, which can significantly degrade the classification performance. To address the above issues, we propose the multi-label weighted broad learning system(MLW-BLS) from the perspective of label imbalance weighting and label correlation mining. Further, we propose the multi-label adaptive weighted broad learning system(MLAW-BLS) to adaptively adjust the specific weights and values of labels of MLW-BLS and construct an efficient imbalanced classifier set. Extensive experiments are conducted on various datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, and the results demonstrate its superiority over other advanced approaches.

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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese j. Thibodeaux philip M. Urso Stanley F. Kelley Marcy M. Beverly Chris R. Stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or OM between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDMD In Vitro Cervids