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Adaptive peer-to-peer streaming with MutualCast

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第5期7卷 737-748页

作者： CHOU philip A Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052 USA

Application Layer Multicast (ALM) can greatly reduce the load of a server by leveraging the outgoing bandwidth of the participating nodes. However, most proposed ALM schemes become quite complicated and lose bandwidth efficiency if they try to deal with networks that are significantly heterogeneous or time-varying. In earlier work, we proposed MutualCast, an ALM scheme with fully connected mesh that quickly adapts to the time-varying networks, while achieving provably optimal throughput performance. In this paper, we study how MutualCast can be paired with adaptive rate control for streaming media. Specifically, we combine Optimal Rate Control (ORC), our earlier control-theoretical framework for quality adaptation, with the MutualCast delivery scheme. Using multiple bit rate video content, we show that the proposed system can gracefully adjust the common quality received at all the nodes while maintaining a continuous streaming experience at each, even when the network undergoes severe, uncorrelated bandwidth fluctuations at different peer nodes.

关键词： Peer-to-peer streaming, Distribution capacity, Quality adaptation, MutualCast

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More is different: how aggregation turns on the light

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National Science Review 2021年第6期8卷 112-115页

作者： philip Ball Writes for NSR from London

The reductionist approach to science seeks to understand the behaviour of systems by studying their individual components. It has been an enormously productive approach, but it is also widely acknowledged now that in some systems the behaviour of interest is an emergent property that cannot be discerned in the separate parts. Biology is replete with such examples, from the flocking of birds to the way metabolic processes in cells rely on a dynamic interplay of proteins and other components.

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Making the world from topological order

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 227-230页

作者： philip Ball writes for NSR

Topology used to be a term confined to a branch of pure mathematics, where it referred to an invariant property of shape. The classic example was the way objects containing a single hole, like a torus and a coffee cup with handle, can be smoothly moulded into one another without tearing. But topological considerations have long played a role in the physics of matter, where for example they might dictate

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IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIVER SYSTEM—Case Study of Shanghai,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第2期16卷 102-108页

作者： philip JAMES Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Greater Manchester M5 4WT UK

Urbanization can affect the physical process of river growth, modify stream structure and further influence the functions of river system. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, which is located in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta in China. Since the 1970s, the whole river system in Shanghai has been planned and managed by the Shanghai Water Authority. The primary management objectives in the last 30 years have been to enhance irrigation and flood-control. By using Horton-Strahler classification and Horton laws as a reference, a novel method of stream classification, in conjunction with the traditional and specially designed indicators, was applied to understanding the structure and functions of the river system in Shanghai. Correlation analysis was used to identify the interrelations among indicators. It was found that the impact of urbanization on the river system was significant although natural laws and physical characteristics marked a super-developed river system. There was an obvious correlation between the degree of urbanization and the abnormal values of some indicators. Urbanization impacts on river system such as branches engineered out, riverbank concreting and low diversity of river style were widely observed. Each indicator had distinct sensibility to urbanization so they could be used to describe different characteristics of urban river system. The function indicators were significantly related to structure indicators. Stream structure, described by fractal dimension and complexity of river system, was as important as water area ratio for maintaining river’s multi-function.

关键词： river system stream classification Horton law urbanization Shanghai

Progress in understanding youth-onset type 2 diabetes in the United States: recent lessons from clinical trials

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第4期15卷 315-321页

作者： philip Zeitler Section of Endocrinology Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus13123 E16th AvenueAuroraCOUSA

Background Due to the dramatic increase in the rates of childhood obesity and youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the late 1990s in the United States,the US government,through the National Institute of Diabetes,Digestive Disease,and Kidney (NIDDK) and the Centers for Disease Control,funded a series of large studies and trials which,together,have formed the basis for much of what we currently understand about youth-onset *** sources The review focus on the recent results and implications of the treatment options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study and the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) *** and Conclusions Both TODAY and RISE studies have provided critical insight into the unique aspects of the pathophysiology of youth-onset type 2 diabetes and also provided the evidence base for our current approach to the management of this disorder.

关键词： Insulin resistance Insulin sensitivity Obesity Type 2 diabetes

My Way: A Computational Autobiography

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第3期2卷 321-340页

作者： philip Roe University of Michigan Franois-Xavier Bagnoud Aerospace Building 1320Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI48109-2140USA

In this paper,the author recounts his forty-year plus struggle to find a sound basis for understanding the computational fluid dynamics of compressible flow.

关键词： Compressible flow Computational fluid dynamics Characteristic theory Conservation laws Multidimensional methods

A force-compensated compliant MEMS-amplifier with electrostatic anti-springs

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 235-244页

作者： philip Schmitt Martin Hoffmann Microsystems Technology Ruhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr.15044801 BochumGermany

In this paper,an electrostatic compliant mechanical amplifier intended for force-compensated displacement amplification in MEMS sensor applications is ***,mechanical transformers that enhance a small input displacement into a large output displacement generate large forces at the input of the *** microsystem proposed here allows for the reduction and compensation of the input stiffness of the amplifier and any mechanical components connected to it while providing a constant amplification ratio at the same *** amplifying mechanism features bidirectional electrostatic anti-springs enabling the control of the stiffness by applying a constant DC *** electrode design of the anti-springs and its influence on the force-displacement characteristic,the side instability and the maximal displacement are studied through analytical approaches and supported by FEA and by *** on the derived models,a compliant electromechanical amplifier is developed,featuring an amplification ratio of *** this amplifier the initial input stiffness of 422 N/m could be reduced to 6.8 N/m by applying a voltage of 100 *** an additional application,we show how the amplifier can be used as a mechanical force sensor with tuneable sensitivity,where the forces at the input are transformed into large output *** experiments,we show how the sensitivity can be adjusted and increased by a factor of 25 by applying a voltage at the anti-springs.

关键词： amplifier electrostatic spring

Quantum engineering of matter from the laboratory to the market:an interview with Dieter Bimberg and Kang Wang

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National Science Review 2017年第2期4卷 210-212页

作者： philip Ball 机构不详

Quantum dots introduce a new form of quantum engineering of materials properties based purely on size and *** we traditionally think of materials as having intrinsic properties such as strength,electrical conductivity... 详细信息

关键词： Quantum engineering of matter from the laboratory to the market:an interview with Dieter Bimberg and Kang Wang

How cold atoms got hot:an interview with William Phillips

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National Science Review 2016年第2期3卷 201-203页

作者： philip Ball philip Ball writes for NSR from London.

William Phillips of the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)in Gaithersburg Maryland,shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics for his work in developing laser methods for cooling and trapping *** between the light field and the atoms create what is dubbed an’optical molasses’that slows the atoms down,thereby reducing their temperature to within a fraction of a degree of

关键词： How cold atoms got hot BEC