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effects of a regenerating matrix on the survival of birds in tropical forest fragments

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 16-24页

作者： Jared D.Wolfe philip C.Stouffer Richard O.Bierregaard Jr David A.Luther Thomas e.Lovejoy College of Forest Resources and environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazoiaManaus 69011Brazil College of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Biology Department George Mason University4400 University Drive MS3EFairfaxVA 22030USA

Background: Vast areas of lowland neotropical forest have regenerated after initially being cleared for agricultural purposes. The ecological value of regenerating second growth to forest-dwelling birds may largely depend on the age of the forest, associated vegetative structure, and when it is capable of sustaining avian demographics similar to those found in pristine ***: To determine the influence of second growth age on bird demography, we estimated the annual survival of six central Amazonian bird species residing in pristine forest, a single 100 and a single 10 ha forest fragment, taking into consideration age of the surrounding matrix(i.e. regenerating forest adjacent to each fragment) as an explanatory ***: Study species exhibited three responses: arboreal, flocking and ant-following insectivores(Willisornis poecilinotus, Thamnomanes ardesiacus and Pithys albifrons) showed declines in survival associated with fragmentation followed by an increase in survival after 5 years of matrix regeneration. Conversely, Percnostola rufifrons, a gap-specialist, showed elevated survival in response to fragmentation followed by a decline after 5 years of regeneration. Lastly, facultative flocking and frugivore species(Glyphorynchus spirurus and Dixiphia pipra, respectively) showed no response to adjacent clearing and subsequent ***: Our results in association with previous studies confirm that the value of regenerating forest surrounding habitat patches is dependent on two factors: ecological guild of the species in question and second growth age. Given the rapid increase in survival following succession, we suggest that the ecological value of young tropical forest should not be based solely on a contemporary snapshot, but rather, on the future value of mature second growth as well.

关键词： Amazon fragmentation Brazil Matrix Second growth Survival Tropical bird

An early-morning gene network controlled by phytochromes and cryptochromes regulates photomorphogenesis pathways in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2021年第6期14卷 983-996页

作者： Martin Balcerowicz Mahiar Mahjoub Duy Nguyen Hui Lan Dorothee Stoeckle Susana Conde Katja e.Jaeger philip A.Wigge Daphne ezer Sainsbury Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Statistics University of WarwickCoventryUK Alan Turing Institute LondonUK Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops(IGZ) 14979 GroßbeerenGermany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdamGermany Department of Biology University of YorkYork YO105DDUK Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Central Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia Plant Systems Physiology Institute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands Zhejiang Normal University Wucheng DistrictJinhuaZhejiangChina Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

Light perception at dawn plays a key role in coordinating multiple molecular processes and in entraining the plant circadian *** Arabidopsis mutant lacking the main photoreceptors,however,still shows clock entrainment,indicating that the integration of light into the morning transcriptome is not well *** this study,we performed a high-resolution RNA-sequencing time-series experiment,sampling every 2 min beginning at *** parallel experiments,we perturbed temperature,the circadian clock,photoreceptor signaling,and chloroplast-derived light *** used these data to infer a gene network that describes the gene expression dynamics after light stimulus in the morning,and then validated key *** sampling time points at high density,we are able to identify three light-and temperature-sensitive bursts of transcription factor activity,one of which lasts for only about 8 *** and cryptochrome mutants cause a delay in the transcriptional bursts at dawn,and completely remove a burst of expression in key photomorphogenesis genes(HY5 and BBX family).Our complete network is available online(http://***/∼de656/dawnBurst/***).Taken together,our results show that phytochrome and cryptochrome signaling is required for fine-tuning the dawn transcriptional response to light,but separate pathways can robustly activate much of the program in their absence.

关键词： BBX family cryptochrome dawn HY5 network morning phytochrome transcriptome

A global synthesis of the effectiveness and ecological impacts of management interventions for Spartina species

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2023年第11期17卷 263-272页

作者： Shengyu Wang philip A.Martin Yan Hao William J.Sutherland Gorm e.Shackelford Jihua Wu Ruiting Ju Wenneng Zhou Bo Li Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and ecological engineering National Observations and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze EstuaryInstitute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-ChongmingSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s(BioRISC) St Catharine’s CollegeUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB21RLUK Conservation Science Group Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB23QZUK State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and ecological Restoration for Watersheds School of EcologyEnvironment and ResourcesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Transboundary ecosecurity of Southwest China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive AdaptationEvolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion BiologyInstitute of BiodiversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650504China

Invasions by Spartina species pose serious threats to global coastal *** many studies have examined the effectiveness and ecological impacts of invasive Spartina management,no comprehensive global synthesis has been conducted to assess the effects of management on Spartina per se and on wider ***,we conducted a global meta-analysis of 3,459 observations from 102 studies to quantify the effects of different management interventions(physical,chemical,biological,and integrated control)on Spartina per se and native biodiversity and *** found that physical measures quickly suppressed Spartina but that their effectiveness declined over *** contrast,chemical measures decreased the abundance and growth of Spartina to a lesser degree in the early stage,but the effectiveness increased over *** management measures did not significantly decrease the diversity of native biota on the whole,but native-plant diversity significantly decreased with time after physical *** management measures did not affect abiotic factors *** results support the use of chemical measures to control invasive Spartina,although their effectiveness would depend on the time since the management *** the problem of Spartina regrowth following physical control requires improved *** hold that initial states of invaders and subsequent environmental changes after management interventions should be weighed in evaluating control efficacy.

关键词： Plant invasion Biodiversity Meta-analysis Restoration Salt marshes Treatment timing

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Discrete Vector Calculus and Helmholtz Hodge Decomposition for Classical Finite Difference Summation by Parts Operators

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第4期2卷 581-611页

作者： Hendrik Ranocha Katharina Ostaszewski philip Heinisch Institute Computational Mathematics TU BraunschweigUniversitatsplatz 238106 BrunswickGermany extreme Computing Research Center(eCRC) Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division(CEMSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Institut für Angewandte Numerische Wissenschaft e.V.(IANW) Bienroder Straae 338110 BrunswickGermany Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik TU BraunschweigMendelssohnstraBe 338106 BrunswickGermany

In this article,discrete variants of several results from vector calculus are studied for clas-sical finite difference summation by parts operators in two and three space *** is shown that existence theorems for scalar/vector potentials of irrotational/solenoidal vector fields cannot hold discretely because of grid oscillations,which are characterised *** results in a non-vanishing remainder associated with grid oscillations in the discrete Helmholtz Hodge ***,iterative numerical methods based on an interpretation of the Helmholtz Hodge decomposition via orthogonal projections are pro-posed and applied *** numerical experiments,the discrete remainder vanishes and the potentials converge with the same order of accuracy as usual in other first-order partial differential *** by the successful application of the Helmholtz Hodge decomposition in theoretical plasma physics,applications to the discrete analysis of magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) wave modes are presented and discussed.

关键词： Summation by parts Vector calculus Helmholtz Hodge decomposition Mimetic properties Wave mode analysis

Braincase Anatomy of the Basal Theropod Sinosaurus from the early Jurassic of China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1653-1664页

作者： XING Lida Ariana PAULINA-CARABAJAL philip J.CURRIe XU Xing ZHANG Jianping WANG Tao Michael e.BURNS DONG Zhiming School of the earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Museo Carmen Funes Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TecnológicasAv.Córdoba 55 (8318)Plaza Huincul Neuquén Argentina University of Alberta CW405 Biological Sciences BuildingEdmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Lufeng Land and Resources Bureau

The neuroanatomy of the mid-sized theropod Sinosaurus triassicus from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation, Lufeng Basin in Yunnan Province, China was studied using X-ray computed tomography. The braincase is characterized by a large supraoccipital knob that is capped by a posterior projection of the parietal and two external foramina for the caudal middle cerebral vein, which is completely enclosed by the supraoccipital. The basicranium has well defined, short basipterygoid processes that project ventral to the basal tubera. The basisphenoid is expanded, projects posteroventrally, and is pierced by four pneumatic recesses. The endocranial morphology resembles that observed in other basal theropods—in particular some allosauroids—and has a strongly marked pontine flexure and a large dorsal expansion. The inner ear morphology is also similar to that observed in other basal theropods, with slender semicircular canals. The anterior semicircular canal is 20% larger than the posterior semicircular canal, and the angle formed between them is less than 90° when seen in dorsal view.

关键词： Neuroanatomy paleoneurology Dinosaur inner ear pneumaticity early Jurassic Yunnan

Dryland agriculture and rangeland restoration priorities in Afghanistan

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： Michael J JACOBS Catherine A SCHLOeDeR philip D TANIMOTO Texas Agri Life Research Department of Ecosystem Science & Management2138TAMUCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Oikos Services LLCFortineMT 59918USA Conservation Imaging Inc.AuburndaleMassachusetts 02466USA

Afghanistan is threatened by rangeland degradation.A quantitative visual analysis of Google earth Imagery was used to systematically locate,characterize and quantify the current extent of rangelands in Afghanistan degraded as a consequence of dryland *** data were used in conjunction with dryland agriculture locations to establish a climate envelope comprised by temperature and mean annual precipitation to create a geographical mask known to contain dryland *** this mask we created a grid of 100 km2 cells that we analyzed individually to access dryland agriculture *** limits to sustainable dryland agriculture and areas of high restoration priority were also assessed as was the distribution of rain-fed agriculture with respect to the location of traditional migration routes for extensive livestock *** extents of agriculture in Afghanistan,at both upper and lower elevations,correlated most closely with mean annual temperature（MAT） at the upper elevation limits,and with mean annual precipitation（MAP） at the lower elevation *** total,dryland agriculture comprised 38,980 km2 of former native *** was highest in the northwestern,northern and northeastern provinces of Herat,Badghis,Faryab,Jawzjan,Sar-e-Pul,Samangan,Balkh,Baghlan,Kunduz,Takhar and Badakhshan,with the highest percentage of conversion occurring in *** MAP value of 〈400 mm is perceived by farmers as the current climatic limit to sustainable dryland agriculture across the northern regions of the *** this MAP value,approximately 27,677 km2 of converted rangeland met the need for restoration *** projections indicate that Afghanistan will become warmer and drier in the coming *** consequence of this trend is that the MAP threshold of 〈400 mm to sustainable dryland agriculture will become obsolete in the coming *** of currently converted rangelands is needed to restore critical grazing area

关键词： degradation climatic trends extensive livestock production dryland agriculture rangeland restoration

Transcriptional Regulation of the Ambient Temperature Response by H2A.Z Nucleosomes and HSF1 Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2017年第10期10卷 1258-1273页

作者： Sandra Cortijo Varodom Charoensawan Anna Brestovitsky Ruth Buning Charles Ravarani Daniela Rhodes John van Noort Katja e. Jaeger philip A. Wigge The Sainsbury Laboratory University of Cambridge 47 Bateman Street Cambridge CB2 1LR UK Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University 272 Rama Vl Road Ratchathewi District Bangkok 10400 Thailand Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center Mahidor University 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Road Salaya Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand Biological and Soft Matter Physics Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 2 2333 CA Leiden the Netherlands Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Biology Francis Crick Avenue Cambridge CB2 0QH UK Institute of Structural Biology Nanyang Technical University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore

Temperature influences the distribution, range, and phenology of plants. The key transcriptional activators of heat shock response in eukaryotes, the heat shock factors （HSFs）, have undergone large-scale gene amplification in plants. While HSFs are central in heat stress responses, their role in the response to ambient temperature changes is less well understood. We show here that the warm ambient temperature transcriptome is dependent upon the HSFA1 clade ofArabidopsis HSFs, which cause a rapid and dynamic eviction of H2A.Z nucleosomes at target genes. A transcriptional cascade results in the activation of multiple downstream stress-responsive transcription factors, triggering large-scale changes to the transcriptome in response to elevated temperature. H2A.Z nucleosomes are enriched at temperature-responsive genes at non-inducible temperature, and thus likely confer inducibility of gene expression and higher responsive dynamics. We propose that the antagonistic effects of H2A.Z and HSF1 provide a mechanism to activate gene expression rapidly and precisely in response to temperature, while preventing leaky transcription in the absence of an activation signal.

关键词： gene expression regulation plant temperature sensing and signaling transcriptomics nucleosome dynamics histone variant H2A.Z heat shock transcription factors

Phytochemical analysis,hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Alchornea cordifolia methanol leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第4期5卷 289-293页

作者： Patience O Osadebe Festus BC Okoye philip F Uzor Nneka R Nnamani Ijeoma e Adiele Nkemakonam C Obiano Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka41001Enugu StateNigeria

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Alchornea cordifolia (***) leaf ***:Various solvent fractions of the methanol extract of the leaf of the *** ***(Fam:euphorbiaceae) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity by carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in *** degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxalate transaminase(SGOT/ AST),serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SCPT/ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and total *** in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated by the I,I-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging *** extract was subjected to preliminary phytoehemical ***:The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions,at a dose of 300 mg/kg,produced significant(Pepatoprolection by decreasing the activities of the serum enzymes and bilirubin while there were marked scavenging of the DPPH free radicals by the *** effects were comparable to those of the standard drugs used for the respective experiments,silymarin and ascorbic ***,flavonoids,saponins and tannins were delected in the phylochemical ***:From this study,it was concluded that the plant of *** possesses hepatoprotective as well as antioxidant activities and these activities reside mainly in the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of methanol leaf extract.

关键词： Alchornea cordifolia Antioxidant Carbon tetrachloride DPPH model Hepatoprolective Phytochemical analysis

Impact on dietary intake of a self-directed, gender-tailored diabetes prevention program in men

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第8期8卷 414-421页

作者： Megan e Rollo elroy J Aguiar Kirrilly M Pursey philip J Morgan Ronald C Plotnikoff Myles D Young Clare e Collins Robin Callister Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Health Sciences Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Callaghan Department of Kinesiology School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Education Faculty of Education and Arts University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle

AIMTo investigate changes in dietary intake following a 6-mo randomised controlled trial of the self-directed, gender-tailored type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Prevention Using LifeStyle education (PULSe) program in men. MeTHODSMen aged 18-65 years, with a body mass index (BMI) 25-40 kg/m2, and at high risk for developing T2DM were recruited from the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. eligible participants were randomised into one of two groups: (1) waitlist control; or (2) PULSe intervention. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and immediately post-program using the Australian eating Survey food frequency questionnaire and diet quality measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). ReSULTSOne hundred and one participants (n = 48, control; n = 53, intervention, mean age 52.3 ± 9.7 years, BMI of 32.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2) commenced the study. Following the active phase, differences between groups were observed for proportion of total energy consumed from healthful (core) foods (+7.6%eI, P energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods (-7.6%eI, P et quality (ARFS) (+4.3, P = 0.004), including sub-scales for fruit (+1.1, P = 0.03), meat (+0.9, P = 0.004) and non-meat protein (+0.5, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONThe PULSe prevention program’s nutrition messages led to significant improvements in dietary intake in men at risk of T2DM.

关键词： Dietary intake Diet quality Men Diabetes prevention program Self-directed