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Present status of aquaculture and the challenge of bacterial diseases in freshwater farmed fish in Tanzania;A call for sustainable strategies

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第3期6卷 247-253页

作者： Alexanda Mzula philemon n.wambura Robinson H.Mdegela Gabriel M.Shirima Department of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences School of Life Science and BioengineeringNelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArushaTanzania College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania

Aquaculture provides significant contributions to household food security,as the capture of wild fish from lakes,dams,and oceans do not meet the current demand for animal protein in *** aquaculture requires well-established regulatory systems and extension services for good pond management practices and maintaining fish health by fish *** farming is practiced widely in Tanzania,from small-to large-scale ponds and these farming systems are moving from extensive normal operations(low input demand)to intensive farming(high input demand).However,the industry is largely still operating at a subsistence level with low *** infections have been occurring in these fish farms and will continue to be an issue of concern into the *** review highlights the current challenges,successes,and prospects towards a sustainable aquaculture industry in Tanzania,including:limited extension services mirroring the limited knowledge by farmers regarding pond management practices;the inadequacy of funds to carry out fish disease research or implement a surveillance system;little expertise in fish disease diagnosis and treatment;and poor management *** minimize disease outbreaks and optimize production in the future,we suggest a strengthening of extension services,augmented with on-farm knowledge *** should be on pond management practices and fish disease management;the creation of a well-functioning fish disease surveillance system;and strengthening collaborative research on aquaculture between the government research institutions and *** small cooperative fish farmer groups within the Aquaculture Association of Tanzania(AAT)for easy access to information is also recommended.

关键词： Bacterial diseases Diagnostic methods Freshwater Farmed fish Challenges Surveillance

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The Influence of Climate Factors on the Stability of Infrastructures: Case of Forest Ecosystem in Southern Cameroon

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International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第12期6卷 1317-1322页

作者： philemon Zo’o Zame Philippe Samba Assomo University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon

The southern forest ecosystem of Cameroon extends from latitude 2° to 6°n and from 10° to 16°E. In order to investigate about the influence of climate factors on the infrastructures, the main parameters of local climate of that ecosystem have been evaluated. The results show that, the factors are stable and have a common trend. But, the abundance of precipitations;the important hydrographic network and the presence of dense forest appear as the majors climatic constraints that may be taken in account to ensure the stability of the infrastructures in forest ecosystem.

关键词： Forest Ecosystem Climate Factors Stability Infrastructures Cameroon

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The Emerging Trade in Donkey Hide: An Opportunity or a Threat for Communities in Kenya?

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第9期10卷 1152-1177页

作者： Gemma Carder Oscar Ingasia Evans ngenoh Samuel Theuri Desmond Rono philemon Langat Brooke London UK Brooklyn Economic Consulting Ltd. Nairobi Kenya Brooke (East Africa) Nairobi Kenya

Donkey hides are used in a form of Traditional Chinese medicine called ejiao, the demand for ejiao is currently so high the global donkey population is currently in decline. Africa’s donkey population is considered a key source for the trade, with Kenya being highlighted as being particularly affected. In Kenya donkeys play a vital contribution to people’s livelihoods;this study aimed to explore the potential impact of the donkey hide trade on small holder farmer’s livelihoods. The study was conducted in five counties in Kenya;data was collected using household survey questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. When household survey participants (n = 421) were asked if the number of donkeys in their herd had decreased within the last two years 34.2% (n = 144) reported a decrease, of those 43.8% (n = 63) reported the selling of donkeys as the primary cause of reduction in herd size. Increased money spent on the transportation of farm produce, water and firewood was the most frequently reported effect of the loss of donkeys (62.5%, n = 263). Some focus group discussion participants said that they had previously sold their donkeys to raise money for school fees, likewise 43% (n = 97) of focus group discussion participants said that they would sell their donkeys to pay medical bills. Results from the study suggest that small holder farmers are choosing to sell their donkeys for an instant boost in income, but long-term this is unlikely to be a sustainable livelihood option.

关键词： Donkey Hide Trade Kenya Livelihoods Traditional Chinese Medicine Ejiao Working Equids

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Systematic Biological Upgrade of a Urea Fertilizer Effluent Treatment Plant Using GPS

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第8期13卷 1457-1477页

作者： Isyaku Ahmad Joseph T. Akintola Regina J. Patinvoh Wilson F. Ekpotu Martins C. Obialor philemon Chukwuebuka Udom Process (Urea) Department Dangote Fertiliser Limited Lagos Nigeria Department of Research & Development Vitapur Nigeria Limited Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Lagos State University Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Uyo Akwa Ibom Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Owerri Owerri Nigeria

The use of modeling and simulation has developed into a critical tool for the sustainable management of wastewater, especially when it comes to replicating the complex biochemical procedures required for fertilizer effluent treatment, which calls for a significant amount of wastewater-related data. The biological improvement of a urea fertilizer effluent via GPS* simulation was carried out in this work using a methodical process. Using established analytical techniques, temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphorus (T/), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Tn), total nitrate (nO3), electric conductivity (EC), turbidity, residual chlorine, urea, nH3, and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, ni, and Fe) were assessed. The research revealed that the measured values from the fertilizer factory outfall effluent had high concentrations of all the physicochemical water quality indicators, with the exception of TSS, PO4-, SO4-, and nO3-. These concentrations are higher compared to the authorized limits or suggested values by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). To improve the therapy biologically, however, a modeling and simulation program (GPS-X, version 8.0) was used with the physicochemical information gathered from the studied sample. The results of the treated water simulation showed that the concentrations of BOD5 and COD had been significantly reduced by 35% and 44%, respectively. Additionally, it was discovered that total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (n), and total nitrogen (Tn) were all within the permitted FEPA limit. The results revealed good treatment performance of the wastewater with increasing concentration of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide. Hence, the results of this research work identify the need for proper treatment of fertilizer industry effluents prior to their release into the environment.

关键词： Fertilizer Wastewater Effluent Discharge Basin Outfall Basin Physiochemical Analysis GPS* Modelling & Simulation

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Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of COVID-19 Pregnant Women Followed Up at a Tertiary Care Unit: A Descriptive Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第10期10卷 1482-1491页

作者： Madye A. ngo Dingom Eugène Sobngwi Félix Essiben Antoinette n. Assiga Yves F. Wasnyo Anicet ngate Jean C. Katte Junie Y. ngaha philemon nsem Charles E. Sone Brigitte Wandji Gilles T. Libend Jean J. Bissemou Filbert E. Eko Florent Y. Fouelifack Glwadys ngono Jeanne Fouédjio Rebecca Tonye Pierre Ongolo-Zogo Pierre J. Fouda Robinson E. Mbu Obstetrics and gynecology Unit Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon COVID 19 Unit Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Public Health University of Exeter Exeter UK Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 and associated corona virus disease COVID-19 have been declared a pandemic having a poor prognosis among individuals with debilitating conditions and those who are immune-compromised. Curren... 详细信息

ng>Background:ng> The SARS-CoV-2 and associated corona virus disease COVID-19 have been declared a pandemic having a poor prognosis among individuals with debilitating conditions and those who are immune-compromised. Current evidence is however limited on maternal and fetal transmission and pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to describe the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes in a group of pregnant women followed up at a tertiary care unit in Cameroon. Methods: This was an observational study conducted over a period of 3 months (April 1n> to June 30, 2020) at the Yaounde Central Hospital. All pregnant women who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and who provided a signed written informed consent were included in the study. Results: Out of 83 pregnant women who presented with symptoms suspicious of COVID-19, 25 were tested positive. The median age of these women was 31 (27 n>- 35) years. A total of 76% consulted within 6 days of onset of symptoms and 68% had a gestational age greater than 28 weeks. The most common n style="font-family:Verdana;">presenting complaint was fever (88%)

关键词： COVID-19 Pregnancy Mortality Outcomes

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Pregnancy Rate of Bunaji Cows in a Fixed Time AI Synchronization Protocol Using Ovatide

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2019年第1期9卷 46-55页

作者： Ubah Simon Azubuike Rekwot Peter Ibrahim Adewuyi Abdulmujeeb Bode Omontese Bobwealth Oakina Adeyeye Adewale Ayodeji Columbus philemon Kwinjoh Abah Owoicho Kenneth Agbonu Oluwa Adikpe Ejiofor Charles Ejike Department of Theriogenology University of AbujaNigeria Artificial Insemination Unit National Animal Production Research InstituteShikaZariaKaduna StateNigeria Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokotoNigeria Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry University of AbujaNigeria Department of Veterinary Parasitology University of AbujaNigeria

This study accessed the reproductive performance of Bunaji cows in an Ovsynch protocol involving *** cows(n=16)aged 4-6 years and weighing between 250-350 kg with body condition scores(BCS)of 2.5-3.5 were *** were two treatment groups for synchronization of *** group 1 comprising Bunaji(n=8)received 50μg of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)(Cystorelin)and 25 mg of PGF2α.While,treatment group 2 comprising Bunaji(n=8)received 50μg of ovatide and 25 mg of PGF2α.All cows from both treatment groups were inseminated at 16 h after each second GnRH or ovatide *** that showed mucus discharge from the vagina on the day of artificial insemination(AI)were recorded as well as those that had patent *** dilation was measured by taking note of the cows that had mid cervix insemination due to non-passage of the AI gun through the *** palpation was conducted twice at a month interval to select cycling cows within 5-12 d of the estrous cycle before initiating Ovsynch *** was repeated on day 45 post AI to confirm pregnancies in *** showed that the rate of mucus discharge from the vagina was 37.5%and 87.5%for ovatide and Cystorelin,respectively;while the rate of cervical dilation were 75%and 87.5%for ovatide and Cystorelin,respectively(p>0.05),and pregnancy rates were 0%and 12.5%for ovatide and Cystorelin,*** were no significant differences between the two *** was concluded that treatment of Bunaji cows with 50μg ovatide in Ovsynh protocol has heat and ovulation synchronization potentials and zero pregnancy *** was recommended that further studies be carried out using graded doses of 50,100 and 150μg of ovatide in a fixed time AI synchronization protocol in Bunaji cows,to tap the potentials of the hormone in manipulation of bovine reproduction.

关键词： Pregnancy ovatide fixed time AI synchronization cows

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