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美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组：对阿尔茨海默病诊断指南的推荐和介绍

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中华神经科杂志 2012年第5期45卷 332-335页

作者： Jack CR Jr Albert MS Knopman DS McKhann GM Sperling RA Carrillo MC Thies B phelps ch 贾建平（译）李丹（译）閵芳菊（译）陆璐（译）张逸驰（译）黄丽（译）不详首都医科大学宣武医院神经科北京100053

背景：尽管早在1984年就制定了阿尔茨海默病（AD）的临床诊断标准，但是近年来的研究进展从未被补充到诊断标准中。因此，制定一个新的临床诊断标准已经成为大家的共识。方法：在2009年，美国国立老化研究所与AD协会组织了一系列圆桌会... 详细信息

背景：尽管早在1984年就制定了阿尔茨海默病（AD）的临床诊断标准，但是近年来的研究进展从未被补充到诊断标准中。因此，制定一个新的临床诊断标准已经成为大家的共识。方法：在2009年，美国国立老化研究所与AD协会组织了一系列圆桌会议，目的是讨论用于AD临床和科研的诊断标准的修订路线。经讨论后决定组建3个独立的工作组，分别制定AD在3个不同疾病发展阶段的诊断标准，即痴呆阶段、有症状的痴呆前期、无症状的临床前期。结果：修订版AD诊断标准与1984年版诊断标准有两处显著的差别：加入了能提示潜在疾病状态的生物标志物的内容；制定了不同认知障碍阶段的诊断标准。其中，3个工作组一致认为，生物标志物的诊断价值还需要更多研究来规范和验证。另外，修订版中还明确区分了仅存在AD病理生理改变（语义性）和仅存在AD临床表现（概念性）两种诊断的差别，该内容在1984年版中没有体现。结论：修订版AD诊断标准中共产生了3个文件，其中，核心的关于AD的痴呆阶段诊断标准和可归于AD的MCI阶段标准推荐用于临床诊断，而临床前期诊断标准仅推荐用于研究使用。

关键词：阿尔茨海默病诊断指南研究所临床诊断标准协会老化美国生物标志物

美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组：阿尔茨海默病源性轻度认知障碍诊断标准推荐

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中华神经科杂志 2012年第5期45卷 345-351页

作者： McKhann GM Knopman DS chertkow H Hyman BT Jack CR Jr Kawas ch Klunk WE Koroshetz WJ Manly JJ Mayeux R Mohs RC Morris JC Rossor MN Schehens P Carrillo MC Thies B Weintraub S phelps ch 贾建平（译）陆璐（译）张逸驰（译）黄丽黄（译）礼媛（译）不详首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科北京100053

美国国立老化研究所（NIA）和阿尔茨海默病协会（ADA）组织了一个工作组，负责阿尔茨海默病（AD）痴呆前症状阶段——即本文所称的AD源性轻度认知障碍（MCI）的诊断标准的制订及完善。该工作组制订了以下两套标准：（1）在缺乏相应条件... 详细信息

美国国立老化研究所（NIA）和阿尔茨海默病协会（ADA）组织了一个工作组，负责阿尔茨海默病（AD）痴呆前症状阶段——即本文所称的AD源性轻度认知障碍（MCI）的诊断标准的制订及完善。该工作组制订了以下两套标准：（1）在缺乏相应条件进行先进影像技术及脑脊液检查时，医务人员适用的核心临床标准；（2）适用于包括临床试验在内的科学研究的研究标准。后者纳入了基于影像技术及脑脊液检查的生物标志物的应用。并根据所出现的生物标志物的性质，将最终MCI诊断的确定性程度分为4个级别。而要使生物标志物有效应用于诊断，并在社区医疗服务中规范使用，尚需做大量的工作。

关键词：阿尔茨海默病轻度认知障碍诊断标准研究所诊断指南源性协会老化

美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组：阿尔茨海默病痴呆诊断标准的推荐

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中华神经科杂志 2012年第5期45卷 352-355页

作者： McKhann GM Knopman DS chertkow H Hyman BT Jack CR Jr Kawas ch Klunk WE Koroshetz WJ Manly J J Mayeux R Mohs RC Morris JC Rossor MN Scheltens P Carrillo MC Thies B Weintraub S phelps ch 贾建平（译）陆璐（译）张逸驰（译）黄丽（译）韩阅（译）不详首都医科大学宣武医院神经科北京100053

由美国国立老化研究所（NIA）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）协会组织了一个工作组，负责修订1984年版AD痴呆的诊断标准。旨在确保修订后的标准具有足够的灵活性，既可供缺乏神经心理学测验、先进的影像技术和脑脊液检查措施的普通医务人员使用... 详细信息

由美国国立老化研究所（NIA）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）协会组织了一个工作组，负责修订1984年版AD痴呆的诊断标准。旨在确保修订后的标准具有足够的灵活性，既可供缺乏神经心理学测验、先进的影像技术和脑脊液检查措施的普通医务人员使用，也可供具备上述措施的科研、临床试验的专业研究者使用。新的标准广泛适用于各种原因的痴呆以及专门针对AD痴呆的标准，保留了1984年版标准中的“很可能的AD痴呆”的总体框架。在过去27年的经验基础上，工作组对临床诊断标准做了一些修改，保留了“可能的AD痴呆”的术语，但对其进行了更有针对性的重新定义。在科研用的“很可能的和可能的AD痴呆”的诊断标准中纳入了生物标志物证据。AD痴呆的核心临床标准仍将是临床实践中诊断的基础，但用生物标志物证据来提高AD痴呆诊断的病理生理学特异性也被人们寄予厚望。要实现AD痴呆的生物标志物诊断，还有许多工作摆在面前。

关键词：临床诊断标准阿尔茨海默病研究所痴呆诊断指南协会老化美国

美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组：阿尔茨海默病临床前阶段的定义

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中华神经科杂志 2012年第5期45卷 336-344页

作者： Sperling RA Aisen PS Beckett LA Bennett DA Craft S Fagan AM Iwatsubo T Jack CR Jr Kaye J Montine TJ Park DC Reiman EM Rowe CC Siemers E Stern Y Yaffe K Carrillo MC Thies B Morrison-Bogorad M Wagster MV phelps ch 贾建平（译）郭起浩（译）黄丽（译）陆璐（译）张逸驰（译）邢怡（译）不详首都医科大学宣武医院神经科北京100053 复旦大学附属华山医院神经内科

阿尔茨海默病（AD）的病理生理过程在痴呆诊断的多年前就开始了。这一长期的AD“临床前”阶段是治疗干预的关键机会，但需进一步阐明AD的病理级联过程和临床症状出现之间的联系。美国国立老化研究所和AD协会召集了一个国际工作组对AD生... 详细信息

阿尔茨海默病（AD）的病理生理过程在痴呆诊断的多年前就开始了。这一长期的AD“临床前”阶段是治疗干预的关键机会，但需进一步阐明AD的病理级联过程和临床症状出现之间的联系。美国国立老化研究所和AD协会召集了一个国际工作组对AD生物标志物、流行病学和神经心理学的证据进行综述并提出建议，以确定能够预测由“正常”认知到轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）及AD痴呆的最佳预测指标。根据目前已有的主要科学证据，我们提出了一个概念性的框架和用于操作的研究标准，以通过纵向临床研究来验证和改进这些模型。这些建议仅用于研究目的，目前不涉及临床应用。我们希望这些建议能提供一个共识，以推进临床前AD的研究，最终推动更早期治疗干预的进展，使得一些疾病减缓药物的疗效发挥最大。

关键词：阿尔茨海默病诊断指南临床前研究所协会老化美国轻度认知功能障碍

Articulating china's Science and Technology:Knowledge Collaboration Networks Within and Beyond the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis in china

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chinese Geographical Science 2018年第2期28卷 247-260页

作者： LI Yingcheng Nicholas A.phelps School of Architecture Southeast University Bartlett School of Planning University College London

In this paper, we reconsider the defining but often overlooked ‘hinge' function of megalopolises by analyzing how megalopolises have articulated national and international urban systems in the context of a globalizing knowledge economy. Taking the case of china's Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region, we particularly focus on knowledge circulation within and beyond the YRD region by analyzing the pattern and process of knowledge collaboration at different geographical scales during the 2004–2014 period. Results show that the structure of scientific knowledge collaboration as reflected by co-publications has been strongest at the national scale whereas that of technological knowledge collaboration as measured by co-patents has been strongest at the global scale. Despite this difference, the structure of both scientific and technological knowledge collaboration has been functionally polycentric at the megalopolitan scale but become less so at the national and global scales. The ‘globally connected but locally disconnected' pattern of Shanghai's external knowledge collaboration suggests that the gateway role of the YRD megalopolis in promoting knowledge collaboration at different geographical scales will take time before it is fully realized.

关键词： urban network publication patent scale gateway Yangtze River Delta (YRD)

ASIAN CARP EXPANSION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER:FOCUSING ON THE LEADING EDGE OF THE INVASION FRONT

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水生生物学报 2018年第6期42卷 1075-1080页

作者： TRIPP Sara phelps Quinton Big Rivers and Wetlands Field Station Missouri Department of Conservation3815 East Jackson BoulevardJacksonMissouri 63755USA West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources307C Percival HallMorgantownWest Virginia 26505USA

Asian carp are expanding their range throughout the Mississippi River; however, abundance is thought to be highest in reaches within close proximity to the Illinois River. In the Mississippi River, Lock and Dam 19(L&D 19) at Keokuk, Iowa is the primary barrier to slow the expansion upstream. As Asian carp abundance increases below L&D 19, it is important to investigate potential means of control(i.e., reduction through harvest and barriers) that will prevent complete invasion of the Mississippi River above L&D 19. Silver Carp and Bighead Carp were collected below L&D 19, a subsample were implanted with ultrasonic transmitters to evaluate passage through the lock chamber and the remainder were used to determine population dynamics at the leading edge of invasion. Although the dam portion of the structure poses a complete barrier to upstream expansion, we documented lock chamber passage demonstrating the lock chamber has the capability to provide passage upstream. Based on the results of the population assessment, in order to induce recruitment overfishing at this leading edge of invasion, Asian carp will need to be intensively harvested at 300 mm and larger. The combination of commercial fishing efforts and research investigating ways to prevent passage upstream must be employed.

关键词： Mississippi River remainder

Analyses of fin ray types to detect strontium markers in juvenile blunt-snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala

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Ecological Processes 2024年第01期13卷 206-216页

作者： Yahua Zhu Tao Jiang Xiubao chen Hongbo Liu Quinton phelps Jian Yang Wuxi Fisheries College Nanjing Agricultural University (WFCNAU) Laboratory of Fishery Microchemistry Freshwater Fisheries Research Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (FFRCCAFS) Department of Biology Missouri State University (DBMSU)

Background Restocking by introducing hatchery-reared fish into wild habitats aids in the restoration of fishery aquatic ecosystems and reefs to increase the abundance of fish resources, restore the ecological balance of water bodies, and enhance ecosystem functioning. Accurately, rapidly, and effectively evaluating the success of restocking using chemical markers（e.g., strontium [Sr]） remains challenging for fisheries management. Consequently, for nonlethal fish sampling, hard tissues, such as fin rays, have received increasing attention as a target for marking method. However, data on the differences in marking different types of fin rays remain limited. Therefore, we exposed juvenile blunt snout bream individuals（Megalobrama amblycephala） to 0（control group） or 800 mg/L of SrCl2·6H2O（marked group） for 5 days and transferred them into normal aerated water for post-immersion culture. We sampled their pectoral, dorsal, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays. The Sr marks among the fin types were sampled at 0 and 20 days post-immersion and evaluated using an electron probe micro-analyzer（EPMA） for the five-day Sr/Ca ratios, along with line transect and Sr mapping *** Sr marking signatures were observed in all fin types in the marked group, with a success rate of up to 100%. Although marking efficiency varied among the different fin ray types, the highest Sr/Ca ratios were most often detected in the dorsal fin. Cross-sectional Sr concentration maps of all fin rays sampled showed high-Sr domains in the marked group; in contrast, the entire cross-sections of the control group displayed low Sr contents, indicating successful marking *** Fin ray Sr marking is a successful method for juvenile M. amblycephala, with the advantages of nonlethality and negligible sampling injuries, facilitating the rapid and effective evaluation of Sr marking in restocking M. amblycephala.

关键词： Megalobrama amblycephala Juvenile Fin ray Strontium marking Electron probe micro-analyzer

AGE-0 SILVER CARP AND GIZZARD SHAD DAILY GROWTH AND HATch TIMING IN THE MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI RIVER

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水生生物学报 2018年第6期42卷 1084-1088页

作者： WOLF Michael C. HAUPT Kevin phelps Quinton E. Department of Natural Resources Fish and Wildlife Division204 Main Street East BaudetteMinnesota 56623USA U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service Carterville Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office 9053 Rt.148 Suite A MarionIllinois 62959USA West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources307C Percival HallMorgantownWest Virginia 26505USA

The establishment of a highly efficient planktivore, Silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), in the Mississippi River Basin has been documented as having negative impacts on native planktivore populations. Silver carp have the potential, to alter the trophic food web through negative interactions with native planktivores in large river systems. Due to increasing Silver carp ranges, interactions between Silver carp and other native planktivores is likely to increase. One abundant native planktivore that is often found in similar habitats as Silver carp is Gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum). Potential competition for resources exists because of overlapping habitat use and forage. Given the similarities between these two planktivores, we sought to evaluate daily growth rates and determine hatch dates of age-0 Silver carp and Gizzard shad in the Middle Mississippi River. Silver carp and Gizzard shad were collected from the Middle Mississippi River using an electrified surface trawl from June through September with sizes ranging from 21—65 mm total length for Gizzard shad and 24—85 mm total length for Silver carp. A sample of age-0 fish(n=697) was collected at the end of the growing season including 292 Gizzard shad and 405 Silver carp. Size structure(total length in mm) of Silver carp(49.05±0.41; ± SE) was significantly greater(T= –16.43, df=695, Pch dates were similar between Silver carp(July 26 th to August 18 th) and Gizzard shad(July 28 th to August 19 th). Growth of Silver carp(2.24 mm per day) was significantly greater(P<0.001,T= –11.1, df=82) than Gizzard shad(1.72 mm per day). Mortality was similar between Silver carp(28.1%)and Gizzard shad(25.1%) at this early life stage. The faster growth rates in Silver carp result in Silver carp entering the winter season larger in size with likely an increased capacity to consume plankton and decreased predation ultimately leading to higher recruitment. Knowing that there exists

关键词： Dorosoma cepedianum Silver carp

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专题讨论：信息素养与信息职业

图书情报知识 2010年第5期27卷 42-45页

作者： Jason phelps InformationSchool University of Washington

Future of Information Professionals After graduating 3 years ago with my MBA,I now find myself backin the a cademic world trying to solve amajor problemthat I

关键词：信息技术信息素养信息职业信息从业者