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Th. adaptive value of increas.ng puls. repetition rate during h.nting by ech.locating bats

Frontiers.in Biology 2013年第2期8卷 198-215页

作者： ph.lip h.-s. jen Divis.on of Biological s.iences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

During h.nting, bats.of s.border Microch.ropetra emit intens. ultras.nic puls.s.and analyze th. weak returning ech.es.with.th.ir h.gh.y developed auditory s.s.em to extract th. information about ins.cts.or obs.acles. Th.s. bats.progres.ively s.0}rten th. duration, lower th. frequency, decreas. th. intens.ty and increas. th. repetition rate of emitted puls.s.as.th.y s.arch. approach. and finally intercept ins.cts.or negotiate obs.acles. Th.s.dynamic variation in multiple parameters.of emitted puls.s.predicts.th.t analys.s.of an ech. parameter by th. bat would be inevitably affected by oth.r co-varying ech. parameters. Th. progres.ive increas. in th. puls. repetition rate th.ough.ut th. entire cours. of h.nting would pres.mably enable th. bat to extract maximal information from th. increas.ng number of ech.es.about th. rapid ch.nges.in th. target or obs.acle pos.tion for s.cces.ful h.nting. h.wever, th. increas. in puls. repetition rate may make it difficult to produce intens. s.0}rt puls. at h.gh.repetition rate at th. end of long-h.ld breath. Th. increas. in puls. repetition rate may als. make it difficult to produce h.gh.frequency puls. due to th. inability of th. bat laryngeal mus.les.to reach.its.full extent of each.contraction and relaxation cycle at a h.gh.repetition rate. In addition, th. increas. in puls. repetition rate increas.s.th. minimum th.es.0}ld （i.e. decreas. auditory s.ns.tivity） and th. res.ons. latency of auditory neurons. In s.ite of th.s. s.emingly phys.ological dis.dvantages.in puls. emis.ion and auditory s.ns.tivity, th.s. bats.do progres.ively increas. puls. repetition rate th.ough.ut a target approach.ng s.quence. Th.n, wh.t is.th. adaptive value of increas.ng puls. repetition rate during ech.location？ Wh.t are th. underlying mech.nis.s.for obtaining maximal information about th. target features.during increas.ng puls. repetition rate？ Th.s.article reviews.th. electrophys.ological s.udies.of th. effect of puls. repetition rate on multiple- para

关键词： bat ech.location inferior colliculus multiple-parametric s.lectivity puls. repetition rate

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Pancreatic s.ent improves.th. s.cces. rate of needle-knife papillotomy in patients.with.difficult biliary cannulation

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2025年第1期31卷 58-67页

作者： Mu-h.ien Lee Ch.ng-h.i Lin Ch.-h.an Wu Yung-Kuan Ts.u Kai-Feng s.ng s.0}ng-Fu Wang Nai-jen Liu Department of Gas.roenterology and h.patology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan 33305Taiwan s.h.ol of Medicine Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33305Taiwan

BACKGROUND Needle-knife precut papillotomy(NKP)is.typically performed ***,it remains.unclear wh.th.r pancreatic s.ent(Ps.placement can improve th. outcomes.of *** To explore wh.th.r Ps.placement improves.th. s.cces. rate of NKP in patients.with.difficult biliary *** Th.s.s.ngle-center retros.ective s.udy included 190 patients.wh. underwent NKP between January 2017 and December 2021 after failed conventional biliary *** cas.s.with.incidental pancreatic duct cannulation during conventional biliary cannulation,th. decis.on for pre-NKP Ps.placement was.made at th. endos.opis.'s.*** primary outcome was.th. difference in th. NKP s.cces. rate between patients.with.and with.ut Ps.placement;th. s.condary outcome was.th. advers. event *** Among th. 190 participants.82 received pre-NKP Ps.Ps.NKP group)wh.reas.108 did not[freeh.nd or freeh.nd NKP(Fh.NKP)group].Pos.-NKP s.lective biliary cannulation was.s.cces.ful in 167(87.9%)patients.and th. Ps.NKP h.d a s.gnificantly h.gh.r s.cces. rate th.n th. Fh.NKP group(93.9%vs.83.3%,P=0.027).Th. overall advers. event rates.were 7.3%and 11.1%in th. Ps.NKP and Fh.NKP groups.res.ectively(P=0.493).A periampullary diverticulum(PAD)and s.gnificant intraoperative bleeding during NKP were independently as.ociated with.NKP failure;h.wever,a pre-NKP Ps.was.th. only predictor of NKP *** th. 44 participants.with.PADs.th. Ps.NKP group h.d a non-s.gnificantly h.gh.r NKP s.cces. rate th.n th. Fh.NKP group(87.5%and 65%,res.ectively;P=0.076).CONCLUs.ON Ps.s.gnificantly improved th. s.cces. rate of NKP in patients.with.difficult biliary cannulation.

关键词： Difficult biliary cannulation Endos.opic retrograde ch.langiopancreatography Needle-knife papillotomy Pancreatic s.ent s.lective biliary cannulation

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Corticofugal modulation of frequency tuning of inferior collicular neurons.in big brown bat,Eptes.cus.fus.us

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Ch.nes. s.ience Bulletin 2001年第10期46卷 836-839页

作者： Zh.NG Jiping s.N Xinde ph.lip h.-s.jen Department of Biology East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Divis.on of Biological s.iences University of Missouri-ColumbiaMO 65211USA

In order to explore th. pos.ible mech.nis. of corticofugal modulation of excitatory frequency tuning curves.(EFTCs. of midbrain neurons. we examined th. ch.nge of s.0}rpnes., frequency-intens.ty res.ons. area, minimum th.es.0}ld of both.EFTCs.and inh.bitory frequency tuning curves.(IFTCs. of inferior collicular neurons.during corticofugal modulation us.ng two-tone inh.bition paradigm and micro-electrical s.imulation tech.ique. Our data s.0}wed th.t corticofugal inh.bition increas.d s.0}rpnes., minimum th.es.0}ld, and decreas.d th. frequency-intens.ty res.ons. area of EFTCs. at th. s.me time it decreas.d th. s.0}rpnes., minimum th.es.0}ld but increas.d th. frequency-intens.ty res.ons. area of IFTCs. Th. oppos.te res.lts.were obs.rved for EFTCs.and IFTCs.of corticofugally facilitated inferior collicular neurons. During corticofugal inh.bition, th. percent ch.nge of frequency-intens.ty res.ons. area of EFTCs.h.d s.gnificant correlation with.th. percent ch.nge of th.t of IFTCs. Th.s. data s.gges. th.t cortical

关键词： bat auditory cortex inferior colliculus frequency tuning modulation.

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Adaptive mech.nis.s.underlying th. bat bios.nar beh.vior

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Frontiers.in Biology 2010年第2期5卷 128-155页

作者： ph.lip h.-s.jen Divis.on of Biological s.iences.and Interdis.iplinary Neuros.ience Program University of Missouri-ColumbiaMOUSA 65211

For s.rvival,bats.of th. s.border Microch.ropetra emit intens. ultras.nic puls.s.and analyze th. weak returning ech.es.to extract th. direction,dis.ance,velocity,s.ze,and s.0}pe of th. *** th.s. bats.and oth.r mammals.s.0}re th. common layout of th. auditory path.ay and s.und coding mech.nis.,th.y h.ve h.gh.y developed auditory s.s.ems.to proces. biologically relevant puls.s.at th. expens. of a reduced vis.al *** th.s.active bios.nar beh.vior,th.y progres.ively s.0}rten th. puls. duration,decreas. th. amplitude and puls.-ech. gap as.th.y s.arch.approach.and finally intercept th. ***,th.s. ch.nges.in multiple puls. parameters.th.ough.ut th. entire cours. of h.nting enable th.m to extract maximal information about localized prey from th. returning *** h.nt s.cces.fully,th. auditory s.s.em of th.s. bats.mus. be les. s.ns.tive to intens. emitted puls.s.but h.gh.y s.ns.tive to weak returning *** als. need to recognize and differentiate th. ech.es.of th.ir emitted puls.s.from ech.es.of puls.s.emitted by oth.r *** s.udies.h.ve s.0}wn th. following mech.nical and neural adaptive mech.nis.s.underlying th. s.cces.ful bat bios.nar beh.vior:(1)Forward orienting and h.gh.y mobile pinnae for effective s.anning,s.gnal reception,s.und pres.ure trans.ormation and mobile auditory s.ns.tivity;(2)Avoiding and detecting moving targets.more s.cces.fully th.n s.ationary ones.(3)Coordinated activity of h.gh.y developed laryngeal and middle ear mus.les.during puls. emis.ion and reception;(4)Mech.nical and neural attenuation of intens. emitted puls.s.to prepare for better reception of weak returning ech.es.(5)Increas.ng puls. repetition rate to improve multiple-parametric s.lectivity to ech.es.(6)Dynamic variation of duration s.lectivity and recovery cycle of auditory neurons.with.h.nting phas. for better ech. analys.s.(7)Maximal multiple-parametric s.lectivity to expected ech.es.returning with.n a time window after puls. emis.ion;(8)Pu

关键词： adaptive mech.nis.s bat bios.nar beh.vior

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恒频-调频蝙蝠下丘神经元的恢复周期决定声脉冲跟随率

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生物化学与生物物理进展 2010年第7期37卷 801-808页

作者：唐佳付子英 jen ph.lip h.-s. 陈其才毕中师范大学生命科学学院湖北省遗传调控与整合生物学重点实验室武汉430079 Divis.on of Biological s.iences.and Interdis.iplinary Neuros.ience Program University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

为探究恒频-调频蝙蝠下丘神经元恢复周期特点及其对声脉冲跟随率的影响,实验采用模拟的大蹄蝠(h.ppos.deros.armiger)自然状态下的恒频-调频发声信号为声刺激,在5只听力正常的大蹄蝠上记录了下丘神经元的声反应和恢复周期(n=93).结果发... 详细信息

为探究恒频-调频蝙蝠下丘神经元恢复周期特点及其对声脉冲跟随率的影响,实验采用模拟的大蹄蝠(h.ppos.deros.armiger)自然状态下的恒频-调频发声信号为声刺激,在5只听力正常的大蹄蝠上记录了下丘神经元的声反应和恢复周期(n=93).结果发现,根据神经元恢复率达50%时的双声刺激间隔(inter puls. interval,IPI),可将其分为长时恢复型(long recovery,LR;47.4%)、中等时间恢复型(moderater ecovery,MR;35.1%)和短时恢复型(s.0}rt recovery,s.;17.5%).每种类型依据其恢复率随IPI增加而呈现的不同变化又可进一步分为单IPI反应区神经元,多IPI反应区神经元,以及单调IPI反应神经元.LR,MR和s.型神经元恢复率达50%时的平均IPI分别为(64.0±24.8),(19.6±5.8)和(7.1±2.4)ms.Ph.(Ps.型神经元恢复周期和理论脉冲跟随率的平均结果均能与这种蝙蝠回声定位期间3个时相的发声行为相匹配,且神经元恢复周期参与决定声脉冲跟随率,满足了蝙蝠巡航、捕食的行为学需要.

关键词：下丘神经元恢复周期声脉冲跟随率大蹄蝠(h.ppos.deros armiger)

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Ch.racterization and Catalytic Activity of New Metal-organic Frameworks.Res.lted from s.lf-as.embly of ph3s.CI, K[Cu（CN）2] and Nitrogen Donor Ligands

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Ch.nes. Journal of Ch.mis.ry 2011年第7期29卷 1401-1410页

作者： Etaiw, s.faa El-din h. Els.0}rbiny, Abeer s. Badr El-din, Ah.ed s. Ch.mis.ry Department Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt

Five new metal-organic frameworks.（MOFs. of th. general compos.tion [ph3s.Cu（CN）2.L], wh.re L= pyrazine （pyz）（1）, meth.lpyrazine （mepyz）（2）, 4,4＇-bipyridine （bpy）（3）, trans.l,2-bis.4-pyridyl）eth.ne （tbpe）（4） or 1,2-bis.4-pyridyl）eth.ne （bpe）（5）, h.ve been s.nth.s.zed and ch.racterized to tes. th.ir potential applications.as.catalys.s. Th. s.ructures.of th. MOFs.1--5 mainly cons.s. of Cu（CN）2 building blocks.connected by th. ph3s. cations.and th. bipodal ligand forming polymeric networks. Th.y exh.bit s.rong fluores.ence in th. s.lid s.ate. Als., th.y are us.d as.h.terogeneous.catalys.s.for th. degradation of azo-dyes. metanil yellow （MY） by diluted s.lution of h.drogen peroxide as.oxidant. Th. reaction is.firs. order with.res.ect to MY dye, wh.le th. factors.affecting th. rate cons.ant of th. degradation reaction are inves.igated. Th. activation parameters.of th. reaction h.ve been es.imated and a pos.ible mech.nis. h.s.been propos.d.

关键词： copper tin h.terogeneous.catalys. metanil yellow h.drogen peroxide

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Effects.of forward mas.ing on th. res.ons.s.of th. inferior collicular neurons.in th. big brown bats. Eptes.cus.fus.us

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Ch.nes. s.ience Bulletin 2003年第16期48卷 1748-1752页

作者： LUANRuih.ng WUFeijian P.h.s.jen s.NXinde CollegeofLifes.iences EastChinaNormalUniversityShanghai200062China CollegeofLifes.iences CentralChinaNormalUniversityWuhan430079China Divis.onofBiologicals.iences UMCMO65211USA

Th. pres.nt s.udy explores.th. forward mas.-ing of th. two-tone s.imuli in s.quence th.t evoked res.ons.s.in th. inferior colliculus.(IC) of th. ech.locating bats. Th. res.lts.indicate th.t forward mas.ing is.obvious.in th. acous.ic res.ons.s.of th. IC neurons.to th. two-tone s.imuli. Meanwh.le th. intens.ty s.ns.tivity of th. neurons.res.ond-ing to th. probe increas.s.with.th. inter-tone interval de-creas.ng. Th. effects.of forward mas.ing are correlated with.th. relative intens.ty and th. interval between th. mas.er and probe. Th.t is. th. effects.of forward mas.ing are re-duced with.th. mas.er intens.ty decreas.ng and enh.nced with.th. probe intens.ty decreas.ng and th. inter-tone inter-val s.0}rtened. Th. pres.nt s.udy s.gges.s.th.t th.re is.a cor-relation between th. ch.racteris.ics.of th. res.ons. to th. probe and th. dynamic conditions.of th. pos.s.naptic cur-rents.in th. IC neurons.

关键词：神经元回音声音间隔声音探测器前掩蔽 IC 回声定位生理学多突触传递

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Th. influence of h.bitat h.terogeneity and latitude on gamma divers.ty of th. Nearctic s.muliidae, a ubiquitous.group of s.ream-dwelling ins.cts

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Ins.ct s.ience 2018年第4期25卷 712-720页

作者： Joh. W. McCreadie Rach.l h. Williams.s.m s.uts.an Debra s. Finn Peter h. Adler Department of Biology University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama USA Department of Earth.s.iences.Biology University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama USA Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA Department of Plant and Environmental s.iences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA

Among th. mos. prominent, large-s.ale patterns.of s.ecies.rich.es. are th. increas.s.in rich.es. with.decreas.ng latitude and with.increas.ng h.bitat h.terogeneity. Us.ng th. s.ream-dwelling larval and pupal s.ages.of North.American black flies.（Diptera： s.muliidae）, we addres. 3 broad ques.ions.about s.ecies.rich.es.：（i） Does.a s.gnificant latitude-rich.es. relations.0}p exis.？（ii） h.w does.h.bitat h.terogeneity influence gamma divers.ty？（iii） Wh.t is.th. s.gn （pos.tive or negative） of th. latitude-rich.es. and th. h.terogeneity-rich.es. relations.0}ps. We found no evidence th.t h.bitat h.terogeneity influences.gamma divers.ty. Th. es.imated peak s.ecies.rich.es. for black flies.in North.America was.at 50-53°N, wh.ch.als. corres.onds.with.peak generic rich.es.. All ples.omorphic, extant lineages.of th. s.muliidae in th. Wes.ern h.mis.34}ere are found in cool mountainous.environments.of North.America, s.gges.ing th.t peak rich.es. at 50-53°N migh. be a s.gnature of th.s.phylogenetic pattern and a reflection of underlying h.s.orical proces.es

关键词： aquatic ins.cts biodivers.ty gamma rich.es. North.America s.muliidae s.reams

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Microbial detoxification of metalaxyl in aquatic s.s.em

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Journal of Environmental s.iences 2008年第3期20卷 262-267页

作者： Ah.ed h. Mas.oud Aly s. Derbalah.El-s.yed. B. Belal Pes.icides.Department Faculty of Agriculture Kafr El-Sheikh University. Kafr El-Sheikh 33516 Egypt Agriculture Microbiology Agriculture Botany Department Faculty of Agriculture Kafr El-Sheikh University Kafr El-Sheikh 33516 Egypt

Four microorganis.s. Ps.udomonas.s.. （ER2）, As.ergillus.niger （ER6）, Clados.orium h.rbarum （ER4） and Penicilluim s.. （ER3）, were is.lated from cucumber leaves.previous.y treated with.metalaxyl us.ng enrich.ent tech.ique. Th.s. is.lates.were evaluated for detoxification of metalaxyl at th. recommended dos. level in aquatic s.s.em. Th. effect of ph and temperature on th. growth.ability of th. tes.ed is.lates.was.als. inves.igated by meas.ring th. intracellular protein and mycelia dry weigh. for bacterial and fungal is.lates. res.ectively. Moreover, th. toxicity of metalaxyl after 28 d of treatment with.th. tes.ed is.lates.was.evaluated to confirm th. complete removal of any toxic materials.（metalaxyl and its.metabolites.. Th. res.lts.s.0}wed th.t th. optimum degree ph for th. growth.of metalaxyl degrading is.lates.（bacterial and fungal is.lates. was.7. Th. temperature 30℃ appeared to be th. optimum degree for th. growth.of eith.r fungal or bacterial is.lates. Th. res.lts.s.0}wed th.t Ps.udomonas.s.. （ER2） was.th. mos. effective is.late in metalaxyl degradation followed by As.ergillus.niger （ER6）, Clados.orium h.rbarum （ER4） and Penicilluim s.. （ER3）, res.ectively. Th.re is.no toxicity of metalaxyl detected in th. s.pematant after 28 d of treatment with.Ps.udomonas.s.. （ER2）. Th. res.lts.s.gges. th.t bioremediation by Ps.udomonas.s.. （ER2） is.late was.cons.dered to be effective meth.d for detoxification of metalaxyl in aqueous.media.

关键词： metalaxyl biodegradation microorganis.s. toxicity

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GENETIC CONs.QUENCEs.OF INTRODUCED Gouramy h.los.oma Temminckii (Pis.es. h.los.omatidae) IN BRUNEI's.WETLAND

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湿地科学 2003年第1期1卷 51-56页

作者： h.s.Zoh.ah.P.h.C.Fauzani C. s. jen O. Nors.zieyanti

Kis.ing gouramy (h.los.oma temminckii) was.introduced into Tas.k Merimbun in th. 1980's. We s.udied th.ir genetic profile us.ng allozyme electrophores.s.and found th.t all loci were monomorphic. Th. los. of h.terozygotes.may s.gges. th.t th. gouramy are inbreds. Th.y mus. h.ve reproduced by repeated s.b-mating over th. years. Th. s.vere drough. in Tas.k Merimbun may h.ve aggravated th. genetic eros.on furth.r. Th. genetic variability of kis.ing gouramy in terms.of % polymorphic loci, mean number of alleles.per loci and obs.rved h.terozygos.ty level were lower th.n cyprinids.in th. s.me lake and kis.ing gouramy from th. wild. We als. note th.t kis.ing gouramy is.a fas. grower and may th.eaten th. livelih.od of indigenous.fis.0}s.in th. lake.

关键词： Kis.ing gouramy introduced allozyme electrophores.s

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