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婴儿期日间护理与儿童期急性淋巴细胞性白血病发病风险的研究:在英国开展的病例对照研究

世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 6-6页

作者： Gilham C. peto j. Simpson j. T.O.B. Eden 张振 Academic Unit of Paediatric Oncology Christie Hospital and Central Manchester Manchester Children's University Hospitals NHS Trusts Manchester M20 4BX United Kingdom

Obj.ctive: To test the hypothesis that reduced exposure to common infections in the first year of life increases the risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Design and setting: The United Kingdom childhood cancer study (UKCCS) is a large population based case-control study of childhood cancer across 10 regions of the UK Participants 6305 children (aged 2-14 years) without cancer; 3140 children with cancer (diagnosed 1991-6), of whom 1286 had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Main outcome measure: Day care and social activity during the first year of life were used as proxies for potential exposure to infection in infancy. Results: Increasing levels of social activity were associated with consistent reductions in risk of ALL; a dose-response trend was seen. When children whose mothers reported no regular activity outside the family were used as the reference group, odds ratios for increasing levels of activity were 0.73 (95%confidence interval 0.62 to 0.87) for any social activity, 0.62 (0.51 to 0.75) for regular day care outside the home, and 0.48 (0.37 to 0.62) for formal day care (attendance at facility with at least four children at least twice a week) (P value for trend < 0.001). Although not as striking, results for non-ALL malignancies showed a similar pattern (P value for trend < 0.001). When children with non-ALL malignancies were taken as the reference group, a significant protective effect for ALL was seen only for formal day care (odds ratio = 0.69, 0.51 to 0.93; P = 0.02). Similar results were obtained for B cell precursor common ALL and other subgroups, as well as for cases diagnosed above and below age 5 years. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that reduced exposure to infection in the first few months of life increases the risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

关键词：发病风险婴儿期病例对照研究儿童癌症儿童期癌症出生后潜在感染验证研究感染性疾病感染源

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The practicality and sustainability of a community advisory board at a large medical research unit on the Thai-Myanmar border

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Health 2013年第2期5卷 229-236页

作者： Khin Maung Lwin Thomas j. peto Nicholas j. White Nicholas P. j. Day Francois Nosten Michael Parker Phaik Yeong Cheah Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Shoklo Malaria Research Unit Mae Sot Thailand The Ethox Centre Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care University of Oxford Oxford UK

Community engagement is increasingly promoted to strengthen the ethics of medical research in low-income countries. One strategy is to use community advisory boards (CABs): semi-independent groups that can potentially safeguard the rights of study participants and help improve research. However, there is little published on the experience of operating and sustaining CABs. The Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) has been conducting research and providing healthcare in a population of refugees, migrant workers, and displaced people on the Thai-Myanmar border for over 25 years. In 2009 SMRU facilitated the establishment of the Tak Province Community Ethics Advisory Board (T-CAB) in an effort to formally engage with the local communities both to obtain advice and to establish a participatory framework within which studies and the provision of health care can take place. In this paper, we draw on our experience of community engagement in this unique setting, and on our interactions with the past and present CAB members to critically reflect upon the CAB’s goals, structure and operations with a focus on the practicalities, what worked, what did not, and on its future directions.

关键词： Ethics Community Engagement Community Advisory Boards Developing Countries Thailand Myanmar Global Health International Research

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Economic Impact of GM Hysteria on EU Feed Market

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 1547-1553页

作者： j.zsef Popp Károly peto Róbert Magda Zoltán Lakner Department of Economic Policy University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Rural Development University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Economics Károly Róbert CollegeGyongyosHungary Department of Food Eco-nomics Budapest Corvinus UniversityBudapestHungary

A growing world population coupled with changing diet is proj.cted to increase demand for food production by 70% by 2050. Helping farmers lose less of their crops will be a key factor in promoting food security. In addition to pesticides GM crops will continue to be a vital tool in the diverse range of technologies that can maintain and improve living standards for the people of the world. The EU is dependent for 65% on imports of protein-rich feedstuffs for which there are no substitutes in the short term. The EU livestock sector uses imported soybean, soybean meal and maize by-products as animal feed. Without an adequate supply of these feed ingredients, the EU’s livestock production will loose competitiveness. However, demands from the EU differ to those from third countries with respect to the GM varieties grown, and what are authorised for import into the EU. The risk that supplies of soya products and maize by-products could be affected by the low-level presence of non-EU approved GM material has not been fully resolved as the EU has allowed j.st a 0.1% tolerance for this plus 0.05% tolerance for measuring uncertainty. This could cause supply problems for the animal feed industry, and ultimately supply of food to consumers. The importance of the EU market and EU requirements for the maj.r soybean and maize exporter countries is declining over time and it is becoming increasingly difficult and costly to maintain a non-GM supply chain in the EU. Food companies and supermarkets will struggle to stay GM-free. EU member states dependent on imports will be forced to deal with more GM presence in their chain. Market forces are forcing governments to authorize products more efficiently, develop tolerance policies or tolerate unapproved varieties in their imports.

关键词： GM Crops GM Policy GM Debate in the EU Feed Market Replacing Soybean with Pulses

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Experiences and Conclusions of the Hungarian Emergency Sepsis Register

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Open j.urnal of Epidemiology 2017年第1期7卷 44-58页

作者： Péter Kanizsai Tamás Berényi Miklós Pálv?lgyi j.nos Gál Zoltán peto Department of Emergency Medicine Clinical Centre Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Department of Social Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Division of Emergency Medicine and Oxyology Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Department of Emergency Medicine Szent-Gyorgyi Science University Faculty of Medicine Szeged Hungary

Obj.ctive: Early recognition is a key step in decreasing morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Like in other European countries an ever growing number of septic patients enter hospitals via emergency departments. Our goal was to assess the number and severity of patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock attending the Hungarian emergency departments. Methods: Two-hundred and ninety-nine patients were entered into the Hungarian Emergency Sepsis Register, focusing on age, disease severity, monitoring and oxygenation. Application and time of administration of antibiotics, use of biomarkers, i.e. lactate and procalcitonin, disposition of patients were assessed using a web-based electronic questionnaire. Results: Data arriving from twenty emergency departments revealed that with severity of the disease oxygen administration and level of monitoring increased, along with antibiotic administration and use of biomarkers. Time spent in the ED did not differ between septic, severely septic and septic shock patients;however higher level of care was provided for the sickest patients. Conclusion: Our register data indicate that sepsis presents a substantial challenge to Hungarian emergency departments. The set standards for timely, adequate treatment are not yet met. The results are however also influenced by characteristics of the Hungarian health care system, most notably the lack of hospice systems. Further studies are needed to separate the subset of patients who would require and of life care.

关键词： Sepsis Register Monitoring Antibiotic Disposition Lactate Procalcitonin

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Elastohydrodynamic lubrication properties and friction behaviors of several ester base stocks

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Friction 2015年第3期3卷 243-255页

作者： Yifeng HE Thomas j.ZOLPER Pinzhi LIU Yuzhen ZHAO Xingliang HE Xuej.n SHEN Hongwei SUN Qinghua DUAN Qian WANG Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPECBeijing 100083China Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanston IL 60208USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of WisconsinPlatteville WI 53818USA Chongqing Branch of Lubricant Company SINOPECChongqing 400039China School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China

This paper reports a series of studies on the lubricant properties,elastohydrodynamic film thickness,and coefficients of friction of several commercially available ester base stocks,i.e.,diisooctyl phthalate(DIOP),diisodecyl phthalate(DIDP),diisotridecyl phthalate(DITDP),diisooctyl sebacate(DOS),diisotridecyl sebacate(DTDS),trihydroxymethylpropyl trioleate(TMPTO),and pentaerythritol tetraoleate(peto).The results include densities and viscosities from 303 to 398 K,and elastohydrodynamic lubricant film thicknesses and friction in the boundary,mixed and full-film lubrication regimes measured at several temperatures,loads,and *** ester base stocks have different lubrication abilities owing to their chain lengths,geometric configurations,and molecular *** study provides quantitative insight into the use of ester-based lubricants for low friction through the entire lubrication regime(boundary to full film)by utilization of suitable type and size of the ester base stocks.

关键词： ester viscosity elastohydrodynamic lubrication friction synthetic base stocks

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