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Geomorphic predictors of riparian vegetation in small mountain watersheds

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Journal of Plant ecology 2015年第6期8卷 593-604页

作者： Blake M.engelhardt Jeanne c.chambers peter J.Weisberg Department of Natural Resources and environmental Science University of NevadaMS 1861664 Virginia StreetRenoNV 89557USA USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station920 Valley RoadRenoNV 89512USA

Aims Hydrogeomorphic processes operating at watershed,process zone and site scales influence the distribution of riparian ***,most studies examining the relationships between hydrogeomorphic processes and riparian vegetation are conducted at site *** quantified the relative importance of watershed,process zone and site geomorphic characteristics for predicting riparian plant community types and plant species abundances in four small mountain watersheds in central Nevada,*** We mapped riparian vegetation types and identified process zones(based on dominant geomorphic process and valley fill material)within the *** sampled sites in each combination of veg-etation type and process zone(n=184 sites)and collected data on watershed scale factors,valley and stream geomorphic characteristics and on plant cover of each geomorphic *** community types were defined by cluster and indicator species analyses of plant cover data,and related to geomorphic variables using ordination analysis(nonmetric multidimensional scaling).linear mixed effects models were used to predict abundances of indicator *** Findings Variables describing position in the watershed(elevation,contrib-uting area)that are related to gradients of temperature,moisture and stream discharge were of primary importance in predicting plant community *** describing local geomorphic setting(valley width,stream gradient,channel sediments,geomor-phic surface height)were of secondary importance,but accurately described the geomorphic setting of indicator *** process zone classification did not include position in the watershed or channel characteristics and only predicted plant community types with unique geomorphic *** small mountain watersheds,predicting riparian vegetation distribution requires explicit consid-eration of scale and geomorphic context within and among water-sheds in addition to site variables.

关键词： great basin multiscale plant community analysis process zone riparian

competition between TRAF2 and TRAF6 Regulates NF-κB Activation in Human B Lymphocytes

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chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2010年第1期25卷 1-12页

作者： Wen Zhang Xuan Zhang Xiao-li Wu Liu-sheng He Xiao-feng Zeng Amrie c. Grammer peter e. Lipsky National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Intramural Research Program National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Department of Rheumatology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ＆ Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China

Objective To investigate the role of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF-2) and TRAF6 in cD40-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and whether cD40 signaling requires TRAF2. Methods Human B cell lines were transfected with plasmids expressing wild type TRAF2 or dominant negative TRAF2,TRAF2-shRNA,or TRAF6-shRNA. The activation of NF-κB was detected by Western blot,kinase assay,transfactor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eLISA),and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FReT). Analysis of the role of TRAF-2 and TRAF-6 in cD40-mediated NF-κB activity was examined following stimulation with recombinant cD154. Results TRAF2 induced activity of IκB-kinases (IKKα,IKKi/ε),phosphorylation of IκBα,as well as nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of p65/RelA. In contrast,TRAF6 strongly induced NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation of p65 as well as p50 and c-Rel. engagement of cD154-induced nuclear translocation of p65 was inhibited by a TRAF6-shRNA,but conversely was enhanced by a TRAF2-shRNA. examination of direct interactions between cD40 and TRAFs by FReT documented that both TRAF2 and TRAF6 directly interacted with cD40. However,the two TRAFs competed for cD40 binding. conclusions These results indicate that TRAF2 can signal in human B cells,but it is not essential for cD40-mediated NF-κB activation. Moreover,TRAF2 can compete with TRAF6 for cD40 binding,and thereby limit the capacity of cD40 engagement to induce NF-κB activation.

关键词： human B lymphocytes TNF receptor-associated factor 2 TNF receptor-associated factor 6 IκB kinase IκBα p65

Dissolved organic matter tracers reveal contrasting characteristics across high arsenic aquifers in cambodia:A fluorescence spectroscopy study

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1653-1667页

作者： Laura A. Richards Dan J. Lapworth Daniel Magnone Daren c. Gooddy Lee chambers peter J. Williams Bart e. van Dongen David A. Polya School of earth and environmental Sciences and Williamson Research centre for Molecular environmental Science The University of ManchesterWilliamson BuildingOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK British Geological Survey Maclean BuildingWallingfordOxfordshireOX10 8BBUK Lancaster environment centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA1 4YQUK Present address: School of Geography University of LincolnBrayford PoolLincolnLincolnshireLN6 7 TSUK Present address: Department of civil and environmental engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgow G1 1XJUK

Organic matter in the environment is involved in many biogeochemical processes,including the mobilization of geogenic trace elements,such as arsenic,into *** this paper we present the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in heavily arsenicaffected groundwaters in Kandal Province,*** fluorescence DOM (fDOM) characteristics between contrasting field areas of differing dominant lithologies were compared and linked to other hydrogeochemical parameters,including arsenic and dissolved methane as well as selected sedimentary ***-corrected fluorescence indices were used to characterize depth profiles and compare field *** fDOM was generally dominated by terrestrial humic and fulvic-like components,with relatively small contributions from microbially-derived,tryptophan-like *** fDOM from sand-dominated sequences typically contained lower tryptophan-like,lower fulvic-like and lower humic-like components,was less bioavailable,and had higher humification index than clay-dominated *** concentrations were strongly correlated with fDOM bioavailability as well as with tryptophan-like components,suggesting that groundwater methane in these arsenic-prone aquifers is likely of biogenic origin.A comparison of fDOM tracers with sedimentary OM tracers is consistent with the hypothesis that external,surface-derived contributions to the aqueous DOM pool are an important control on groundwater hydrogeochemistry.

关键词： Arsenic Fluorescence spectroscopy Organic matter characterization Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAc) Groundwater quality

The shifts of precipitation phases and their impacts

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Science china earth Sciences 2025年

作者： Xuemei LI Tao cHe Yuanlong TANG Huan'e DUAN Guigang WANG Xu ZHANG chuanming YANG Jun WU Yue ZHANG Lanhai LI Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong University National-Local Joint engineering Research center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring Key Laboratory of Science and Technology in Surveying & Mapping Gansu Province Key Laboratory of cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil engineering Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese academy of Sciences Tianshan Snow cover and Avalanche Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang

Precipitation comes in various phases, including rainfall, snowfall, sleet, and hail. Shifts of precipitation phases, as well as changes in precipitation amount, intensity, and frequency, have significant impacts on regional climate, hydrology,ecology, and the energy balance of the land-atmosphere system. Over the past century, certain progress has been achieved in aspects such as the observation, discrimination, transformation, and impact of precipitation phases. Mainly including:since the1980s, studies on the observation, formation mechanism, and prediction of precipitation phases have gradually received greater attention and reached a certain scale. The estimation of different precipitation phases using new detection theories and methods has become a research focus. Avariety of discrimination methods or schemes, such as the potential thickness threshold method of the air layer, the temperature threshold method of the characteristic layer, and the near-surface air temperature threshold method,have emerged one after another. Meanwhile, comparative studies on the discrimination accuracy and applicability assessment of multiple methods or schemes have also been carried out simultaneously. In recent years, the shift of precipitation from solid to liquid (SPSL) in the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has become more pronounced due to global warming and human activities. It leads to an increase in rain-on-snow (ROS) events and avalanche disasters, affecting the speed, intensity, and duration of spring snow-melting, accelerating sea ice and glacier melting, releasing carbon from permafrost, altering soil moisture, productivity, and phenological characteristics of ecosystems, and thereby affecting their structures, processes, qualities, and service functions. Although some progress has been made in the study of precipitation phases, there remains considerable research potential in terms of completeness of basic data, reliability of discrimination schemes,

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endovascular thrombectomy for stroke: current best practice and future goals

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2016年第1期1卷 16-22页

作者： Bruce c V campbell Geoffrey A Donnan peter J Mitchell Stephen M Davis Department of Medicine and Neurology Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Radiology Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia

endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel ischaemic stroke substantially reduces disability,with recent positive randomised trials leading to guideline changes *** review discusses in detail the evidence provided by recent randomised trials and metaanalyses,the remaining areas of uncertainty and the future directions for *** data from existing trials have demonstrated the robust benefit of endovascular thrombectomy for internal carotid and proximal middle cerebral artery *** remains for more distal occlusions where the efficacy of alteplase is greater,less tissue is at risk and the safety of endovascular procedures is less *** artery occlusion was excluded from the trials,but with a dire natural history and proof of principle that rapid reperfusion is effective,it seems reasonable to continue treating these patients pending ongoing trial *** has been no evidence of heterogeneity in treatment effect in clinically defined subgroups by age,indeed,those aged>80 years have at least as great an overall reduction in disability and reduced *** there was no heterogeneity across the range of baseline stroke severities included in the *** that routine use of general anaesthesia reduces the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy is increasing and conscious sedation is generally preferred unless severe agitation or airway compromise is *** impact of time delays has become clearer with description of onset to imaging and imaging to reperfusion *** in the onset to imaging reduce the proportion of patients with salvageable brain ***,in the presence of favourable imaging,rapid treatment appears beneficial regardless of the onset to imaging time *** to reperfusion delays lead to decay in the clinical benefit achieved,particularly in those with less robust collateral *** brain imaging options to assess prognosis have various advantages and disadvan

关键词： routine epoch benefit

A comparative life-cycle analysis of tall onshore steel wind-turbine towers

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clean energy 2020年第1期4卷 48-57页

作者： N.Stavridou e.Koltsakis c.c.Baniotopoulos civil engineering Department School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK civil engineering Department School of EngineeringAristotle University of ThessalonikiGreece

earth has lately been suffering from unforeseen catastrophic phenomena related to the consequences of the greenhouse *** is therefore essential not only that sustainability criteria be incorporated into the everyday lifestyle,but also that energy-saving procedures be *** to the number of wind farms installed annually,wind energy is among the most promising sustainable-energy *** into account the last statement for energy-saving methods,it is essential to value the contribution of wind energy not only in eliminating cO_(2) emissions when producing electricity from wind,but also in assessing the total environmental impact associated with the entire lifetime of all the processes related with this energy-production *** order to quantify such environmental impacts,life-cycle analysis(LcA)is *** a matter of fact,there are a very limited number of studies devoted to LcA of onshore wind-energy-converter supporting towers-a fact that constitutes a first-class opportunity to perform high-end *** the present work,the life-cycle performance of two types of tall onshore wind-turbine towers has been investigated:a lattice tower and a tubular *** comparison reasons,both tower configurations have been designed to sustain the same loads,although they have been manufactured by different production methods,different amounts of material were used and different mounting procedures have been applied;all the aforementioned items diversify in their overall life-cycle performance as well as their performance in all LcA phases examined *** life-cycle performance of the two different wind-turbine-tower systems is calculated with the use of efficient open LcA software and valuable conclusions have been drawn when combining structural and LcA results in terms of comparing alternative configurations of the supporting systems for wind-energy converters.

关键词： energy and environment energy system and policy wind energy

Statin, testosterone and phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitor treatments and age related mortality in diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第3期8卷 104-111页

作者： Geoffrey Hackett peter W Jones Richard c Strange Sudarshan Ramachandran Department of Urology University of Bed-fordshire Department of Urology Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust Metabolic Research Group Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine Keele University Department of clinical Biochemistry Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust Department of clinical Biochemistry University Hospitals of North Midlands/Faculty of Health Sciences Staffordshire University

AIMTo determine how statins, testosterone (T) replacement therapy (TRT) and phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitors (PDe5I) influence age related mortality in diabetic *** studied 857 diabetic men screened for the BLAST study, stratifying them (mean follow-up = 3.8 years) into: (1) Normal T levels/untreated (total T > 12 nmol/L and free T > 0.25 nmol/L), Low T/untreated and Low T/treated; (2) PDe5I/untreated and PDe5I/treated; and (3) statin/untreated and statin/treated groups. The relationship between age and mortality, alone and with T/TRT, statin and PDe5I treatment was studied using logistic regression. Mortality probability and 95%cI were calculated from the above models for each *** was associated with mortality (logistic regression, OR = 1.10, 95%cI: 1.08-1.13, P ctors included, age (OR = 1.08, 95%cI: 1.06-1.11, P eated (OR = 0.38, 95%cI: 0.15-0.92, P = 0.033), PDe5I/treated (OR = 0.17, 95%cI: 0.053-0.56, P = 0.004) and statin/treated (OR = 0.59, 95%cI: 0.36-0.97, P = 0.038) were associated with lower mortality. Age related mortality was as described by Gompertz, r2 = 0.881 when Ln (mortality) was plotted against age. The probability of mortality and 95%cI (from logistic regression) of individuals, treated/untreated with the drugs, alone and in combination was plotted against age. Overlap of 95%cI lines was evident with statins and TRT. No overlap was evident with PDe5I alone and with statins and TRT, this suggesting a change in the relationship between age and *** show that statins, PDe5I and TRT reduce mortality in diabetes. PDe5I, alone and with the other treatments significantly alter age related mortality in diabetic men.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Mortality Gompertz-Makeham equation Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors Male hypogonadism Statins Testosterone replacement therapy

Neuroimaging of inflammation in alcohol use disorder: a review

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Science china(Information Sciences) 2020年第7期63卷 19-37页

作者： Dana e.FeLDMAN Katherine L.McPHeRSON catherine L.BIeSecKeR corinde e.WIeRS peter MANZA Nora D.VOLKOW Gene-Jack WANG National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institute on Drug Abuse

Alcohol use disorder(AUD) is a global health concern associated with several *** health problems related to AUD, such as cognitive deficits, have been linked to *** use has been associated with changes in neuroimmune activity, although current literature has yielded mixed results. For example, markers of gliosis, including translocator protein 18-kDa(TSPO), proinflammatory cytokines, glutamate(Glu), and myo-inositol(mI), are disrupted in the alcohol-dependent brain. Further, neuroinflammatory-related phenomena including membrane turnover, blood brain barrier(BBB) permeability, and adenosine release have also shown alterations in AUD. However, current literature remains inconclusive about the directionality of these changes. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have provided insight on the relationship between alcohol use and neuroinflammatory processes, suggesting considerable treatment potential for alcohol use disorder and its inflammatory comorbidities. Here, we review current neuroimaging literature assessing the impacts of alcohol use on neuroimmune activity in the brain.

关键词： acetate adenosine alcohol use disorder blood brain barrier choline gliosis glutamate myoinositol neuroimaging neuroinflammation

All-electron basis sets for H to Xe specific for ZORA calculations:Applications in atoms and molecules

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chinese Physics B 2024年第8期33卷 238-246页

作者： c.S.Gomes F.e.Jorge A.canal Neto Departamento de Fisica Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo29075-910 VitoriaESBrazil Departamento de Fisica Instituto de Ciencias Exatas e BiologicasUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto Campus Universitario Morro do Cruzeiro35402-136 Ouro PretoMGBrazil

A segmented basis set of quadruple zeta valence quality plus polarization functions(QZP)for H through Xe was developed to be used in conjunction with the ZORA *** set was augmented with diffuse functions to describe electrons farther away from the nuclei *** the ZORA-ccSD(T)/QZP-ZORA theoretical model,atomic ionization energies and bond lengths,harmonic vibrational frequencies,and atomization energies of some molecules were *** addition of core-valence corrections has been shown to improve the agreement between theoretical and experimental results for molecular *** atomization energies,a similar observation emerges when considering spin-orbit *** the augmented QZP-ZORA set,static mean dipole polarizabilities of a set of atoms were calculated and compared with previously published recommended and experimental *** evaluations of the ZORA and Douglas–Kroll–Hess Hamiltonians were made for each property studied.

关键词： QZP-ZORA and AQZP-ZORA basis sets elements from H to Xe ccSD(T)method atomic and molecular properties