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A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon Lim peter A.Zoss Terry L.powley Hyowon Lee Matthew p.Ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of psychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the *** better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication *** several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel *** microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve *** this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAp)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve ***,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

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The potential of glutamine supplementation in reduced-crude protein diets for chicken-meat production

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 49-56页

作者： Selle, peter H. Macelline, Shemil p. Toghyani, Mehdi Liu, Sonia Yun Univ Sydney Poultry Res Fdn Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Sydney Sch Vet Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia Univ Sydney Fac Sci Sch Life & Environm Sci Camden NSW 2570 Australia

This review explores the potential of including glutamine, a so-called non-essential amino acid, in the formulation of reduced-crude protein (Cp) diets for broiler chickens. There is a precedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-Cp diets. Fundamentally this is due to decreases in nonessential amino acid concentrations in reduced-Cp diets d an unavoidable consequence of reducing Cp without amino acid supplementation. The situation for glutamine is complicated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely provided as standard assays do not differentiate between glutamine and glutamate and are reported on a combined basis as glutamic acid. The dietary requirement for glutamic acid is approximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary Cp levels are progressively reduced. Glutamine is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken protein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic plasma where it has been shown to provide 22.6% (139.9 of 620.3 mg/mL) of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg Cp, wheat-based diets. In addition to dietary intakes, glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia (NH3) catalysed by glutamine synthetase, a reaction that is pivotal to NH3 detoxification. Glutamate and NH3 are converted to glutamine by phosphatedependent glutaminase in the reciprocal reaction; thus, glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino acids. However, the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rapidly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are probably insufficient in birds offered reduced-Cp diets. The many functional roles of glutamine, including NH3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis, then become relevant. Twenty feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine supplementation, usually 10 g/kg, was evaluated in birds kept under

关键词： Broiler chicken Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutamine ACID-BASE-BALANCE BROILER-CHICKENS AMINO-ACIDS INTESTINAL-MUCOSA SKELETAL-MUSCLE GROWTH-pERFORMANCE GLYCINE SUppLEMENTATION ELECTROLYTE BALANCE METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS AMMONIA METABOLISM

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An Interview with peter Deadman—Acupuncture pioneer and Founder of The Journal of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 19-28页

作者： Ioannis Solos Charles Buck peter Deadman Saint George Clinic and Research Institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America Northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom British Acupuncture Council London W129HQthe United Kingdom The Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine London WC1N 3GSthe United Kingdom

This interview was conducted on August 21st, 2022 by Charles Buck and Ioannis Solos. peter Deadman has worked in the field of health promotion for 50 years. He co-founded Infinity Foods(an organic and natural foods workers co-op) in 1971, followed by the Brighton Natural Health Centre-a charity dedicated to teaching ways to improve personal, community and planetary health and wellbeing. He qualified as an acupuncturist in 1978 and in Chinese herbal medicine in 1990. He founded The Journal of Chinese Medicine(UK) in 1979(Fig. 1), and co-authored A Manual of Acupuncture(published in 1998). He is the author of Live Well Live Long: Teachings from the Chinese Nourishment of Life Tradition. He has taught Chinese medicine and health promotion internationally for decades and is a dedicated practitioner and teacher of Qi Gong(气功).

关键词： Acupuncture Medicine herbal

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Experimental investigation on slip conditions during thread rolling with flat dies

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Friction 2024年第1期12卷 136-143页

作者： Stefan VOLZ peter GROCHE Institute for production Engineering and Forming Machines Technical University DarmstadtOtto-Berndt Straße 2Darmstadt 64287Germany

The process design of flat die rolling operations can be a tedious and costly process due to the challenges posed by small process *** this work,an effort is made to closely investigate and understand the process limits caused by excessive slippage of the *** measurements are carried out to capture the characteristics of excessive slippage and the influence of the stroke rate and the tribological system on this process *** differences in slippage were observed,depending on the tribological *** systems with polymer based lubricants showed excessive slippage at low stroke rates,systems using oil or no lubricant endured higher stroke rates before process limits were *** optical measurements revealed three major forms of slippage:successful rolling without slippage,failure due to excessive slippage at process start,and failure due to excessive slippage at around one workpiece rotation.

关键词： rolling incremental forming thread rolling slippage profile rolling

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Skeletal muscle as a molecular and cellular biomarker of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:a narrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 747-753页

作者： peter H.King Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center BirminghamALUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal multisystemic neurodegenerative disease with motor neurons being a primary *** progressive weakness is a hallmark feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,there is considerable heterogeneity,including clinical presentation,progression,and the underlying triggers for disease *** on longitudinal studies with families harboring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated gene mutations,it has become apparent that overt disease is preceded by a prodromal phase,possibly in years,where compensatory mechanisms delay symptom *** 85-90%of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is sporadic,there is a strong need for identifying biomarkers that can detect this prodromal phase as motor neurons have limited capacity for *** Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies work by slowing the degenerative process and are most effective early in the *** muscle,including the neuromuscular junction,manifests abnormalities at the earliest stages of the disease,before motor neuron loss,making it a promising source for identifying biomarkers of the prodromal *** accessibility of muscle through biopsy provides a lens into the distal motor system at earlier stages and in real *** advent of“omics”technology has led to the identification of numerous dysregulated molecules in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle,ranging from coding and non-coding RNAs to proteins and *** technology has opened the door for identifying biomarkers of disease activity and providing insight into disease mechanisms.A major challenge is correlating the myriad of dysregulated molecules with clinical or histological progression and understanding their relevance to presymptomatic phases of *** are two major goals of this *** first is to summarize some of the biomarkers identified in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle that have a clinicopathological correlation with disease activi

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarkers clinicopathological correlation disease progression muscle biomarkers neurogenic atrophy neuromuscular junction non-coding RNAs presymptomatic stages skeletal muscle SOD1G93A mouse model

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A product version of the Hilton-Milner-Frankl theorem

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第2期67卷 455-474页

作者： peter Frankl Jian Wang Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest H-1053Hungary Department of Mathematics Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

Two families F and G of k-subsets of {1, 2,..., n} are called non-trivial cross t-intersecting if|F ∩ G|≥t for all F ∈ F, G ∈ G and | ∩ {F : F ∈ F}| < t, | ∩ {G : G ∈ G}| < t. In the present paper,we determine... 详细信息

Two families F and G of k-subsets of {1, 2,..., n} are called non-trivial cross t-intersecting if|F ∩ G|≥t for all F ∈ F, G ∈ G and | ∩ {F : F ∈ F}| present paper,we determine the maximum product of the sizes of two non-trivial cross t-intersecting families of k-subsets of{1, 2,..., n} for n≥4(t + 2)2k2, k≥5, which is a product version of the Hilton-Milner-Frankl theorem.

关键词： extremal set theory cross t-intersecting family product version non-trivial

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A population Dynamics Approach to the Distribution of Space Debris in Low Earth Orbit

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 340-353页

作者： John Jurkiewicz peter Hinow Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA

The presence of the debris in the Earth’s orbit poses a significant risk to human activity in outer *** debris population continues to grow due to ground launches,the loss of external parts from space ships,and uncontrollable collisions between objects.A computationally feasible continuum model for the growth of the debris population and its spatial distribution is therefore *** we propose a diffusion-collision model for the evolution of the debris density in the low-Earth orbit and its dependence on the ground-launch *** parametrize this model and test it against data from publicly available object catalogs to examine timescales for the uncontrolled ***,we consider sensible launch policies and cleanup strategies and how they reduce the future risk of collisions with active satellites or space ships.

关键词： population dynamics Space debris Kessler syndrome Diffusion Low-Earth orbit

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Diagnostic tools for fecal incontinence: Scoring systems are the crucial first step

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第6期30卷 516-522页

作者： peter Liptak Martin Duricek peter Banovcin Clinic of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology University Hospital in MartinJessenius Faculty of Medicine in MartinComenius UniversityMartin 03601Slovakia

The main aim of this editorial is to comment on the recent article published by Garg et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29:*** original research presents a new scoring system for fecal *** incontinence is a chronic disease with a severe impact on the quality of life of the *** social stigmatization often leads to significant underreporting of the condition even during visits to a specialist and could lead to further misman-agement or non-existent management of the *** important fact is that patients are often unable to describe their condition when not asked precisely defined *** problem is partially resolved by scoring *** scoring systems are commonly used;however,each of them has their *** example,the absence of different kinds of leakage besides flatus and stool could further lead to underscoring the incontinence ***,there has long been a call for a more precise scoring *** correct identification of the presence and severity of fecal incontinence is paramount for further diagnostic approach and for choosing the appropriate therapy *** editorial describes fecal incontinence,its effect on quality of life in general and further evaluates the diagnostic approach with a particular focus on symptom scoring systems and their implications for clinical practice.

关键词： Incontinence Fecal Scoring system Questionary Quality of life

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Optimization of product characteristics of porous carbon agglomerates using a design of experiments in fluidized bed agglomeration

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particuology 2024年第6期89卷 258-269页

作者： Martin Oelofse Robert Rack Marcelle Hilden peter Langguth Department of pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany Carbon Advanced Solutions GmbH HeuchelheimGermany

Spraying parameters during particle agglomeration processes can affect the agglomeration kinetics and particle *** study was conducted to better understand the influence of the spraying parameters in a fluidized bed wet agglomeration process,and the influence on the stability characteristics of carbon tablets.A formulation based on fine carbon and peroxide powder,as well as carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder,was used to produce agglomerates in a first production *** in a second production step carbon tablets with a high porosity were molded for the customer goods *** optimization of the compressive strength of these carbon tablets was the goal of the *** agglomerates were produced with a laboratory scale granulator called“proCell”and were compressed with a five-cavity mechanical *** screening of the agglomeration process parameters and their influence on the agglomerates quality,as well as the performance characteristics of the carbon tablets,were investigated using a multilevel factorial *** experimental runs were done by varying atomized air pressure and feed rate of the *** was determined by the design *** findings of the statistical trials showed that low atomized air pressure and a low feed rate lead to a higher tablet compressive strength.

关键词： Wet agglomeration Fluidized bed Design of experiments Carbon agglomerates and tablets

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Chinese Medicine,Acupuncture and Science

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 77-85页

作者： peter Eckman private practitioner San Francisco 94131USA

Ever since the introduction of Western biomedicine into China, there has been friction between proponents of this new approach, and proponents of the traditional medical practices that had evolved over thousands of years in China. For the most part, this friction has been couched in the unexamined assumption that Western medicine is based on science, while Chinese medicine is not. This article will examine that assumption, which in this author’s opinion is unjustified and incorrect. Having practiced acupuncture for the past 50 years, after receiving my doctoral degrees in medicine and physiology, my thinking on this topic has also evolved over time. I will begin this article with some historical information that bears on the topic under discussion, followed by my personal ideas about how to resolve the confiicts that have arisen.

关键词： Science Chinese medicine Western medicine Resonance Constitution

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