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Current experimental models, assessment and dietary modulations of intestinal permeability in broiler chickens

Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 801-811页

作者： Saad Gilani peter v.chrystal Reza Barekatain Danisco Animal Nutrition(IFF) Oegstgeestthe Netherlands Baiada Poultry Pty Ltd Pendle HillNSWAustralia South Australian Research and Development Institute Roseworthy CampusRoseworthySAAustralia School of Animal and veterinary Sciences Roseworthy CampusUniversity of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia

Maintaining and optimising the intestinal barrier(IB)function in poultry has important implications for the health and performance of the *** a key aspect of the IB,intestinal permeability(IP)is mainly controlled by complex junctional proteins called tight junction proteins(TJ)that link enterocytes *** disruption of TJ is associated with increased gut leakage with possible subsequent impli-cations for bacterial translocation,intestinal inflammation,compromised health and performance of the *** considerable data being available for other species,research on IP in broiler chickens and in general avian species is still an understudied *** paper reviews the available literature with a specific focus on IP in broiler chickens with consideration given to practical factors affecting the IP,current assessment methods,markers and nutritional modulation of *** experimental models to induce gut leakage are discussed including pathogens,rye-based diets,feed deprivation and stress-inducing agents such as exogenous glucocorticoids and heat *** various markers including fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,expression of TJ and bacterial translocation have been widely utilized to study IP,recent studies have identified a number of excreta biomarkers to evaluate intestinal integrity,in particular non-invasive *** the research on various nutrients and feed additives to potentially modulate IP is still at an early stage,the most promising outcomes are anticipated for probiotics,prebiotics,amino acids and those feed ingredients,nutrients and additives with anti-inflammatory *** research gaps are identified for the mechanistic mode of action of various nutrients to influence IP under different experimental *** modulation of IP through various strategies(*** manipulation of diet)may be regarded as a new frontier for disease prevention and improving the health and performance of poultry particul

关键词： Intestinal barrier function Permeability Tight junction protein Gut leakage model

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Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 828-840页

作者： Sonia Yun Liu Shemil P.Macelline peter v.chrystal peter H.Selle Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney Camden Campus425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNSW 2145Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia

The prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein(CP)diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best ***-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions;moreover,they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible *** variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are *** more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino *** of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine,this emphasises the value of so-called“non-essential”amino *** digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed,although the functions of insulin in avian species require *** is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets;if so,the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be *** increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler *** is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised *** progress in these directions can be realised,then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

关键词： Amino acids Broiler chickens Glucose Insulin Protein Starch Threonine

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Facilitating the acceptance of tangibly reduced-crude protein diets for chicken-meat production

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 247-257页

作者： peter v.chrystal Shiva Greenhalgh peter H.Selle Sonia Yun Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSE2006Australiali Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited pendle Hill2145NSWAustralia

Inclusions of non-bound amino acids particularly methionine,lysine and threonine,together with the"ideal protein"concept have allowed nutritionists to formulate broiler diets with reduced crude protein(CP)and increased nutrient density of notionally"essential"amino acids and energy content in recent decades,However,chicken-meat production has been projected to double between now and 2050,providing incentives to reduce dietary soybean meal inclusions further by tangibly reducing dietary CP and utilising a larger array of non-bound amino *** relatively conservative decreases in dietary CP,in the order of 20 to 30 g/kg,do not negatively impact broiler performance,further decreases in CP typically compromise broiler performance with associated increases in carcass lipid *** in carcass lipid deposition suggest changes occur in dietary energy balance,the mechanisms of which are still not fully understood but discourage the acceptance of diets with reductions in CP,Nevertheless,the groundwork has been laid to investigate both amino acid and non-amino acid limitations and propose facilitative strategies for adoption of tangible dietary CP reductions;consequently,these aspects are considered in detail in this ***,investigations into reduced dietary CP are epitomised by variability broiler performance due to the wide range of dietary specifications used and the many variables that should,or could,be considered in formulation of experimental ***,a holistic approach encompassing many factors influencing limitations to the adoption of tangibly reduced CP diets must be considered if they are to be successful in maintaining broiler performance without increasing carcass lipid deposition.

关键词： Amino acid Dietary energy Digestive dynamic Electrolyte balance Peptide Reduced crude protein

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Protein sources and starch-protein digestive dynamics manipulate growth performance in broiler chickens defined by an equilateraltriangle response surface design

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 204-213页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline peter v.chrystal peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

A total of 360 male,off-sex Ross 308 chicks were offered 10 dietary treatments from 14 to 35 d post ehatch in an equilateral-triangle response surface design feeding study in order to confirm the importance of protein and amino acid digestive dynamics in broiler *** 3 apical diets were nutritionally-equivalent containing either soybean meal,non-bound amino acids or whey protein concentrate as the major source of dietary protein and amino *** blends of the 3 apical diets comprised the balance of 7 diets and each dietary treatment was offered to 6 replicate cages with 6 birds per *** performance,nutrient utilisation,apparent protein and starch digestibility coefficients were determined in 4 small intestinal *** optimal weight gain(2,085 g/bird)and feed conversion ratios(FCR,1.397)were generated by Diet 50S50W which included a 50:50 blend of apical diets rich in whey protein concentrate and soybean *** chickens offered Diet 50S50W also had the highest experimental and predicted jejunal digestibility(0.685 in proximal jejunum and 0.823 in distal jejunum).FCR was not correlated with apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficient(P>0.05)of protein but was correlated with apparent protein digestibility in proximal jejunum(r=-0.369,P=0.040)and distal jejunum(r=-0.316,P=0.015).Surplus dietary starch was correlated with increased fat pad weight(r=0.781,P?0.008).The findings confirmed the relevance of protein digestion rate,reflected by jejunal digestibility,on feed conversion of broiler chickens.A balance between protein-bound and non-bound crystalline or synthetic amino acids may be required for optimal growth and protein digestion.

关键词： Amino acid Digestive dynamics Glucose Protein Starch

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Starch digestion rates in multiple samples of commonly used feed grains in diets for broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 450-459页

作者： peter H.Selle Amy F.Moss Ali Khoddami peter v.chrystal Sonia Yun Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Sydney Institute of Agriculture Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNSW2145Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

In this study the starch digestion rates in broiler chickens from 18 samples of 5 commonly used feed grains(sorghum,wheat,maize,barley,triticale)were *** methodology to determine starch digestion rates in poultry is detailed *** digestion rates were not significantly different(P-0.128)across the 18 feed grains,which reflects the wide variations that were observed within a given ***,starch digestion rates in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets were significantly more rapid by 56.0%(0.117 versus 0.075 min-1;p=0.012)than their sorghum-based counterparts on the basis of a pair-wise *** descending order,the following starch diges-tion rates were observed:wheat(0.117 min-1),barley(0.104 min-1),triticale(0.093 min-1),maize(0.086 min-1),sorghum(0.075 min-1).The implications of these findings are discussed as they almost certainly have implications for poultry nutrition and the development of reduced crude protein diets for broiler chickens.

关键词： Broiler chicken Digestive dynamics Feed grain Starch

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Identifying the shortfalls of crude protein-reduced,wheat-based broiler diets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 181-189页

作者： peter H.Selle Shemil P.Macelline Shiva Greenhalgh peter v.chrystal Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation Within the University of Sydney Camden 2570NSWAustralia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamden 2570NSWAustralia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamperdown 2006NSWAustralia Complete Feed Solutions Pakurangao2140 AucklandNew Zealand

The objective of this review is to identify the shortfalls of wheat-based,crude protein(CP)-reduced diets for broiler chickens as wheat is inferior to maize in this context but to inconsistent *** factors in wheat may be compromising gut integrity;these include soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP),amylase trypsin inhibitors(ATI)and *** NSP in wheat induce increased gut viscosities,which can lead to compromised gut integrity,which is not entirely ameliorated by NSP-degrading feed *** ATI probably compromise gut integrity and may also have the capacity to increase endogenous amino acid flows and decrease apparent starch and protein *** inclusions of 20 g/kg in a maize-soy diet depressed weight gain and feed intake and higher gluten inclusions have been shown to activate inflammatory cytokine-related genes in broiler *** research is required,perhaps particularly in relation to wheat *** protein content of wheat is typically higher than maize;importantly,this results in higher inclusions of non-bound amino acids in CP-reduced broiler *** higher inclusions could trigger post-enteral amino acid imbalances,leading to the deamination of surplus amino acids and the generation of ammonia(NH3)which,if not adequately detoxified,results in compromised growth performance from ***,alternatives to nonbound amino acids to meet amino acid requirements in birds offered CP-reduced,wheat-based diets merit *** digestion of wheat starch is more rapid than that of maize starch which may be a disadvantage as the provision of some slowly digestible starch in broiler diets may enhance ***,slowly digestible starch may result in more de novo ***,it may prove instructive to evaluate CP-reduced diets based on maize-wheat and/or sorghum-wheat blends rather than entirely *** would reduce non-bound amino acid inclusions by lowering dietary CP derived

关键词： Biomarkers Broiler chickens Reduced-crude protein diets Wheat

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The influence of dietary crude protein concentrations,grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on the performance of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 259-268页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline peter v.chrystal Chanon Inanan Mehdi Toghyani peter H.Selle Sonia Yun Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamperdown2006NSWAustralia Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydne Camden2570NSWAustralia Complete Feed Solutions Howick2145New Zealand Sydney School of veterinary Science Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamden2570NSWAustralia

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein(CP)concentrations,grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on performance parameters of broiler *** 2×2×2factorial array of dietary treatments harnessed two CP concentrations(210 and 170 g/kg),two feed grains(wheat and sorghum),and two arginine:lysine ratios(104 and 110).Each dietary treatment was offered to 7 replicates of 14 birds per floor pen,a total of 784 off-sex male,Ross 308 broilers,from 14 to 35 d *** dietary CP reduction compromised weight gain by 10.0%(2078 versus 2310 g/bird)as a main effect and FCR by 7.51%(1.474 versus 1.371),subject to an *** a three-way interaction(P=0.008),expanded arginine:lysine ratios improved FCR by 2.30%in 170 g/kg CP,sorghum-based diets but compromised FCR by 2.12%in corresponding wheat-based *** was the more suitable feed grain in reduced-CP diets as sorghum generated significant advantages in weight gain of 7.59%(2154versus 2002 g/kg)and FCR of 6.94%(1.421 versus 1.527)in birds offered 170 g/kg CP *** dietary CP and feed grain generated significant and divergent impacts in apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for the majority of 16 assessed amino *** CP reductions increased non-bound amino acid inclusions(NBAA)in wheat-based diets(48.96 versus 9.80 g/kg)to a greater extent than sorghum-based diets(35.3 versus 9.50 g/kg)and increasing dietary NBAA inclusions were linearly associated with compromised weight gain(r=-0.834;Pvements in *** implications of the observed outcomes are discussed and possible explanations are advanced.

关键词： Amino acid Broiler chickens Energy Protein Sorghum Wheat

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The influence of phytase, pre-pellet cracked maize and dietary crude protein level on broiler performance via response surface methodology

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 169-182页

作者： Amy F.Moss peter v.chrystal Yueming Dersjant-Li peter H.Selle Sonia Yun Liu Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney 425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNSWAustralia Danisco Animal Nutrition DuPont Industrial BiosciencesMarlboroughUK.

Background:The reduction of crude protein levels in diets for broiler chickens may generate economic,environmental and flock welfare and health benefits;however,performance is usually *** grain feeding and phytase may improve the utilization of reduced crude protein ***:The effects of pre-pellet cracked maize(0,15%and 30%)and phytase(0,750 and 1500 FTU/kg)in isoenergetic maize-soy diets with three levels of crude protein(22%,19.5%and 17%)were evaluated via a BoxBehnken response surface *** of 13 dietary treatments were offered to 6 replicate cages(6 birds/cage)of male Ross 308 broiler chicks from 7 to 28 d *** prediction and response surface plots were generated from experimental data via polynomial regression in R and only significant coefficients were included and discussed in the predicted *** gain,feed intake and FCR were all influenced by pre-pellet cracked maize,phytase and crude protein level,where crude protein level had the greatest ***,the reduction from 22%to 17%dietary crude protein in non-supplemented diets reduced weight gain,feed intake,relative gizzard weight,relative gizzard content and relative pancreas weight but improved ***,the inclusion of 30%cracked maize to 17%crude protein diets restored gizzard weight and 1500 FTU phytase inclusion to 17%crude protein diets increased relative gizzard contents and pancreas *** maize and phytase inclusion in tandem to 17%crude protein diets increased weight gain,feed intake and FCR;however,this FCR was still more efficient than broilers offered the non-supplemented 22%crude protein *** offered the prepellet cracked maize and phytase inclusions reduced AME in 22%crude protein diets but improved AME by 2.92 MJ(14.16 versus 11.24 MJ;P<0.001)in diets containing 17%crude *** N digestibility was greater in broilers offered diets with 17%crude protein than those offered the 22%crude protein diet;irrespec

关键词： Crude protein Maize Phytase Pre-pellet whole grain Response surface

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The influence of non-bound amino acid inclusions and starch-protein digestive dynamics on growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets with two crude protein concentrations

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 399-408页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline Michael T.Kidd peter v.chrystal Mehdi Toghyani peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Center of Excellence for Poultry Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Complete Feed Solutions Howick2145New Zealand Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of high and low inclusions of nonbound amino acid(NBAA)in standard and reduced-crude protein(CP),wheat-based diets on growth performance in broiler *** treatments were formulated to either 210 or 180 g/kg ***210 g/kg CP diets contained either 12.1 or 21.1 g/kg NBAA and 180 g/kg CP diets contained either 44.0 or55.5 g/kg *** formulations also generated different dietary starch:protein ratios which impacted on starch-protein digestive *** of the four dietary treatments were offered to 7 replicates of15 birds housed in floor pens from 14 to 35 days post-hatch or a total of 420 male Ross 308 *** performance,relative abdominal fat-pad weights,breast muscle and leg shank yields were *** starch and protein(N)digestibility coefficients,disappearance rates and starch:protein disappearance rate ratios were *** ileal digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of 16 amino acids were determined at 35 days post-hatch and free concentrations of 20 amino acids in systemic plasma were determined at 34 days *** transition from 210 to 180 g/kg CP diets depressed weight gain by 11.3%(1742 versus 1964 g/bird)and FCR by 10.4%(1.606 versus 1.455),although both parameters were subject to treatment *** treatment interaction(Pved for FCR was because high NBAA inclusions significantly improved FCR by 4.17%(1.424 versus1.486)in birds offered 210 g/kg CP diets,but significantly depressed FCR by 3.36%(1.632 versus 1.579)in180 g/kg CP diets.A quadratic relationship(r=0.860;Pversion ***,a multiple linear regression(r=0.913;P<0.001)was detected for FCR where both NBAA inclusions and analysed dietary starch:protein ratios were significantly(P<0.001)related to ***

关键词： Amino acid Broiler Non-bound amino acid Reduced-crude protein

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Assessment of four different dietary amino acid profiles recommended for ISA Brown layer hens: A validation study

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 438-446页

作者： Mehdi Toghyani Shemil Macelline Juliano C.de Paula Dorigam peter v.chrystal peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Poultry Research Foundation The University of Sydney Evonik Operations GmbH

The current feeding study was designed to validate the two dietary essential amino acid profiles(EAAP)established based on linear broken-line(LBL) and quadratic broken-line(QBL) models, in a previous study, against Evonik(AMINOHen) and breeder recommendations for ISA Brown layers for peak production(PP, 20 to 44 weeks of age), and post peak production(post PP, 44 to 75 weeks of age). The EAAP based on LBL models on average had 19.5% and 26.0% lower digestible AA(Lys, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Ile and val), than the EAAP based on QBL models for PP and post PP, respectively. The EAAP based on AMINOHen and breeder recommendation had lower digestible AA than QBL, and higher EAAP than LBL models for both production phases. At 20 weeks of age, 224 ISA Brown layer hens were weighed and randomly allocated to individual battery cages. Each of the four diets was replicated 8 times with 7 birds per replicate. Egg production was recorded daily, and egg weights were measured at the end of each week. Feed consumption was measured at the end of each period. The egg production rate was not significantly affected by the diets and remained at around 98.0%(PP) and 95.0%(post PP)(P > 0.05). Birds fed diets based on LBL recommendation consistently laid smaller eggs, resulting in a lower egg mass(59.8 vs. 62.0 g egg/hen per day during PP, and 60.3 vs. 63.0 g egg/hen per day during post PP; P 0.05). The highest feed conversion ratio(FCR) during PP(P = 0.067) and post PP(P ve average egg production rate. However, the EAAP based on LBL models may potentially decrease the input feed cost per kilogram of eggs but are not set to optimise FCR and maximise egg mass.

关键词： Ideal amino acid profile Regression model Egg production Egg mass

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