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Effective platform for the generation of aerosol droplets and application in evaluating the effectiveness of a MEMS-based nanoparticle trapping device

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Particuology 2009年第6期7卷 471-476页

作者： Ratna Tantra Dipak Gohil peter Cumpson National Physical Laboratory Hampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesex TW11 0LWUnited Kingdom School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RUUnited Kingdom

The purpose of this study is two-fold： firstly, the development of a cheap, easy-to-construct and effective nanoparticle generator for testing nanoparticle sensors; secondly, the use of such a generator to test the effectiveness of a sensor device in trapping aerosolised nanoparticles. In this study, we have constructed an effective aerosol generator platform, based on aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition technology. Under well-controlled experimental conditions, this platform is capable of depositing aerosolised sodium chloride particles homogeneously on a substrate very effectively. Deposited aerosol droplets were subsequently dried and shown to form nanosized cubic crystals that are free from impurities. This platform was employed to test the effectiveness of a MEMS comb device in the electrostatic trapping of nanoparticles. Upon applying a DC bias （0.5 v） to the MEMS device, results showed an increase in nanoparticle deposition on the surface of the device, due to electrostatic precipitation. The presence of an electric field was shown to affect crystal formation upon drying of the aerosol droplets on the substrate; this caused a blotchy appearance on the SEM image, which was not observed in the absence of electric field.

关键词： Aerosol MEMS sensor Particle generator

Recent trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases:Up or down?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第38期12卷 6102-6108页

作者： peter Laszlo Lakatos 1~(st) Department of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is traditionally con- sidered to be common in the Western world, and its incidence has sharply increased since the early 1950s. In contrast, until the last decade, low prevalence and incidence rates have been reported from other parts of the world including Eastern Europe, South America, Asia and the Pacific region. Recent trends indicate a change in the epidemiology of IBD with previously low incidence areas now reporting a progressive rise in the incidence, while in West European and North American countries the figures have stabilized or slightly increased, with decreasing incidence rates for ulcerative colitis. Some of these changes may represent differences in diagnostic practices and increasing awareness of the disease. The quality of studies is also variable. Additional epidemio- logic studies are needed to better define the burden of illness, explore the mechanism of association with envi- ronmental factors, and identify new risk factors.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Incidence Epidemiology

Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第10期13卷 1585-1594页

作者： Lesley A Anderson RG peter Watson Seamus J Murphy Brian T Johnston Harry Comber Jim Mc Guigan John v Reynolds Liam J Murray Centre for Clinical and Population Sciences Queen's UniversityBelfastNorthern Ireland Royal Group of Hospitals BelfastNorthern Ireland National Cancer Registry CorkIreland St.James's Hospital DublinIreland

AIM:To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal ***:This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 *** participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk ***:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's *** but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Barrett's oesophagus Oesophagealadenocarcinoma Smoking Gastro-oesophageal reflux Body mass index Diet Case-control

Diagnostic tools for fecal incontinence: Scoring systems are the crucial first step

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第6期30卷 516-522页

作者： peter Liptak Martin Duricek peter Banovcin Clinic of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology University Hospital in MartinJessenius Faculty of Medicine in MartinComenius UniversityMartin 03601Slovakia

The main aim of this editorial is to comment on the recent article published by Garg et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29:*** original research presents a new scoring system for fecal *** incontinence is a chronic disease with a severe impact on the quality of life of the *** social stigmatization often leads to significant underreporting of the condition even during visits to a specialist and could lead to further misman-agement or non-existent management of the *** important fact is that patients are often unable to describe their condition when not asked precisely defined *** problem is partially resolved by scoring *** scoring systems are commonly used;however,each of them has their *** example,the absence of different kinds of leakage besides flatus and stool could further lead to underscoring the incontinence ***,there has long been a call for a more precise scoring *** correct identification of the presence and severity of fecal incontinence is paramount for further diagnostic approach and for choosing the appropriate therapy *** editorial describes fecal incontinence,its effect on quality of life in general and further evaluates the diagnostic approach with a particular focus on symptom scoring systems and their implications for clinical practice.

关键词： Incontinence Fecal Scoring system Questionary Quality of life

Assessing the evidence for weight loss strategies in people with and without type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第10期8卷 440-454页

作者： peter Clifton Division of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia

This review will examine topical issues in weight loss and weight maintenance in people with and without diabetes. A high protein, low glycemic index diet would appear to be best for 12-mo weight maintenance in people without type 2 diabetes. This dietary pattern is currently beingexplored in a large prevention of diabetes intervention. Intermittent energy restriction is useful but no better than daily energy restriction but there needs to be larger and longer term trials performed. There appears to be no evidence that intermittent fasting or intermittent severe energy restriction has a metabolic benefit beyond the weight loss produced and does not spare lean mass compared with daily energy restriction. Meal replacements are useful and can produce weight loss similar to or better than food restriction alone. very low calorie diets can produce weight loss of 11-16 kg at 12 mo with persistent weight loss of 1-2 kg at 4-6 years with a very wide variation in long term results. Long term medication or meal replacement support can produce more sustained weight loss. In type 2 diabetes very low carbohydrate diets are strongly recommended by some groups but the long term evidence is very limited and no published trial is longer than 12 mo. Although obesity is strongly genetically based the microbiome may play a small role but human evidence is currently very limited.

关键词： Protein Glycemic index very low calorie diet very low carbohydrate diet Low fat diets Intermittent energy restriction Alternate day fasting

Mucocele of the appendix: An unusual cause of lower abdominal pain in a patient with ulcerative colitis-. A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第3期11卷 457-459页

作者： peter Laszlo Lakatos Gabriella Gyori Judit Halasz peter Fuszek Janos Papp Balazs Jaray peter Lukovich Laszlo Lakatos Department of Medicine Department of Pathology Department of Surgery

The authors report the case of a 60-year-old male patient. In November 2001 he developed intestinal symptoms of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Colononoscopy and biopsy established the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (proctosigmoiditis). The disease activity was moderate at the beginning. No significant laboratory alterations were found (including CEA, CA19-9), and mesalazine was started orally. He was in remission until November 2003, when he was admitted to our Outpatient Clinic for upper and right lower abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Colonoscopy found proctosigmoiditis with a moderate activity, gastroscopy revealed chronic gastritis, laboratory data was normal. Treatment was amended with mesalazine clysma and methylprednisolone (16 mg) orally. Symptoms ameliorated; however, right lower abdominal pain persisted. US and CT examinat'on demonstrated a pericecal cystic mass (11 cm×3.5 cm). At first pericecal abscess was suspected, as the previous US examination (6 mo earlier) had revealed normal findings. Fine needie aspiration was performed. Cytology confirmed the diagnosis of mucocele. The patientunderwent partial cecum resection and extirpation of the mucocele. He recovered well and the final histology revealed a cystadenoma of the appendix. Follow up was started. The pati雗t is now free of symptoms. Although primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is uncommon, the authors emphasize that preoperative diagnosis of an underlying malignancy in a mucocele is important for pati雗t management; however, it is difficult on imaging studies.

关键词： Mucocele of the appendix Lower abdominal pain Ulcerative Colitis

Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2161-2167页

作者： Juergen Siebler peter R Galle Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Mainz Langenbeckstr.155131 MainzGermany

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is the most common cause for elevated liver enzymes in the developed nations. Beyond prevention programs which are of particular interest because of the increasing number of overweight children, treatment should be focussed on the most important risk factors, obesity and insulin resistance. As a consequence of elucidating the pathomechanisms of NAFLD, the number of potential therapeutic options increased. However, many studies investigating the therapeutic effect show shortcomings in at least one of the following points： lack of a serial liver biopsy, short term of treatment and limited number of included patients. The second generation insulin sensitizer pioglitazone and rosiglitazone show the most promising improvements in NAFLD, but weight gain and potential hepatotoxidty calls for attention. In conclusion, a general recommendation for the application of specific drugs cannot be given. Besides controlled clinical trials, weight reduction and physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity in obese patients should be the priority objective.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Treatment

3D Nanoprinting with Charged Aerosol Particles-An Overview

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第11期2卷 1117-1128页

作者： Wooik Jung peter v.Pikhitsa Yoon-Ho Jung Jooyeon Shin Minsung Han Mansoo Choi Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

CONSPECTUS:Three-dimensional(3D)printing is a revolutionary technology allowing rapid,cost-effectively,and flexible design of desired 3D *** this regard,various techniques for downscaling 3D printing have been developed based on several methodologies in the past decades to exploit the advantages of 3D printing at the micro/*** development of 3D nanoprinting techniques has provided a method to design unique and sophisticated nanoscale 3D objects enabling functional applications that are thus far constrained with conventional planar nanomanufacturing processes such as photolithography and electron beam ***,the versatile and practical realization of 3D nanoprinting in a broad science and engineering field remains challenging due to limitations such as feature size resolution,suitable materials,and design ***,innovative 3D nanoprinting techniques are required to overcome current *** this Account,we describe our achievements in developing 3D nanoprinting with charged aerosols relying on the physics behind counteracting electric *** introduce the generation of charged aerosols,the most feasible in the broad range of fundamental building blocks(mainly all types of metals and alloys,their oxides,polymers,and organics)for 3D ***,charged aerosols can be processed at ambient conditions *** aerosols could be precisely controlled and delivered for the assembly,using electric fields of complicated configurations despite the Brownian diffusion and other chaotic *** converging electric fields are formed around openings by the interactions of two electric *** of the electric fields comes from a negatively biased *** contrast,the counteracting electric field comes from the positive ions distributed on a prepatterned dielectric layer over the *** a result,the positively charged aerosols are focused through these fields to grow with nanoscale resolution only

关键词： printing aerosol lifting

Obeticholic acid for severe bile acid diarrhea with intestinal failure:A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第21期24卷 2320-2326页

作者： Christian Lodberg Hvas peter Ott peter Paine Simon Lal Soren peter Jorgensen Jens Frederik Dahlerup Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhus C 8000Denmark Department of Gastroenterology Salford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalfordManchester M6 8HDUnited Kingdom

Bile acid diarrhea results from excessive amounts of bile acids entering the colon due to hepatic overexcretion of bile acids or bile acid malabsorption in the terminal ileum. The main therapies include bile acid sequestrants, such as colestyramine and colesevelam, which may be given in combination with the opioid receptor agonist loperamide. Some patients are refractory to conventional treatments. We report the use of the farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid in a patient with refractory bile acid diarrhea and subsequent intestinal failure. A 32-year-old woman with quiescent colonic Crohn's disease and a normal terminal ileum had been diagnosed with severe bile acid malabsorption and complained of watery diarrhea and fatigue. The diarrhea resulted in hypokalemia and sodium depletion that made her dependent on twice weekly intravenous fluid and electrolyte infusions. Conventional therapies with colestyramine, colesevelam, and loperamide had no effect. Second-line antisecretory therapies with pantoprazole, liraglutide, and octreotide also failed. Third-line treatment with obeticholic acid reduced the number of stools from an average of 13 to an average of 7 per 24h and improved the patient's quality of life. The fluid and electrolyte balances normalized. The effect was sustained during follow-up for 6 mo with treatment at a daily dosage of 25 mg. The diarrhea worsened shortly after cessation of obeticholic acid. This case report supports the initial report that obeticholic acid may reduce bile acid production and improve symptoms in patients with bile acid diarrhea.

关键词： Bile acid malabsorption Diarrhea Farnesoid X-activated receptor Crohn’s disease