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Identifying the shortfalls of crude protein-reduced,wheat-based broiler diets

Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 181-189页

作者： peter H.Selle Shemil P.Macelline Shiva Greenhalgh peter v.Chrystal Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation Within the University of Sydney Camden 2570NSWAustralia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamden 2570NSWAustralia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamperdown 2006NSWAustralia Complete Feed Solutions Pakurangao2140 AucklandNew Zealand

The objective of this review is to identify the shortfalls of wheat-based,crude protein(CP)-reduced diets for broiler chickens as wheat is inferior to maize in this context but to inconsistent *** factors in wheat may be compromising gut integrity;these include soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP),amylase trypsin inhibitors(ATI)and *** NSP in wheat induce increased gut viscosities,which can lead to compromised gut integrity,which is not entirely ameliorated by NSP-degrading feed *** ATI probably compromise gut integrity and may also have the capacity to increase endogenous amino acid flows and decrease apparent starch and protein *** inclusions of 20 g/kg in a maize-soy diet depressed weight gain and feed intake and higher gluten inclusions have been shown to activate inflammatory cytokine-related genes in broiler *** research is required,perhaps particularly in relation to wheat *** protein content of wheat is typically higher than maize;importantly,this results in higher inclusions of non-bound amino acids in CP-reduced broiler *** higher inclusions could trigger post-enteral amino acid imbalances,leading to the deamination of surplus amino acids and the generation of ammonia(NH3)which,if not adequately detoxified,results in compromised growth performance from ***,alternatives to nonbound amino acids to meet amino acid requirements in birds offered CP-reduced,wheat-based diets merit *** digestion of wheat starch is more rapid than that of maize starch which may be a disadvantage as the provision of some slowly digestible starch in broiler diets may enhance ***,slowly digestible starch may result in more de novo ***,it may prove instructive to evaluate CP-reduced diets based on maize-wheat and/or sorghum-wheat blends rather than entirely *** would reduce non-bound amino acid inclusions by lowering dietary CP derived

关键词： Biomarkers Broiler chickens Reduced-crude protein diets Wheat

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The influence of dietary crude protein concentrations,grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on the performance of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 259-268页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline peter v.Chrystal Chanon Inanan Mehdi Toghyani peter H.Selle Sonia Yun Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamperdown2006NSWAustralia Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydne Camden2570NSWAustralia Complete Feed Solutions Howick2145New Zealand Sydney School of veterinary Science Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamden2570NSWAustralia

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein(CP)concentrations,grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on performance parameters of broiler *** 2×2×2factorial array of dietary treatments harnessed two CP concentrations(210 and 170 g/kg),two feed grains(wheat and sorghum),and two arginine:lysine ratios(104 and 110).Each dietary treatment was offered to 7 replicates of 14 birds per floor pen,a total of 784 off-sex male,Ross 308 broilers,from 14 to 35 d *** dietary CP reduction compromised weight gain by 10.0%(2078 versus 2310 g/bird)as a main effect and FCR by 7.51%(1.474 versus 1.371),subject to an *** a three-way interaction(P=0.008),expanded arginine:lysine ratios improved FCR by 2.30%in 170 g/kg CP,sorghum-based diets but compromised FCR by 2.12%in corresponding wheat-based *** was the more suitable feed grain in reduced-CP diets as sorghum generated significant advantages in weight gain of 7.59%(2154versus 2002 g/kg)and FCR of 6.94%(1.421 versus 1.527)in birds offered 170 g/kg CP *** dietary CP and feed grain generated significant and divergent impacts in apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for the majority of 16 assessed amino *** CP reductions increased non-bound amino acid inclusions(NBAA)in wheat-based diets(48.96 versus 9.80 g/kg)to a greater extent than sorghum-based diets(35.3 versus 9.50 g/kg)and increasing dietary NBAA inclusions were linearly associated with compromised weight gain(r=-0.834;Pvements in *** implications of the observed outcomes are discussed and possible explanations are advanced.

关键词： Amino acid Broiler chickens Energy Protein Sorghum Wheat

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Two-color spectroscopy of Uv excited ssDNA complex with a single-wall nanotube photoluminescence probe： Fast relaxation by nucleobase autoionization mechanism

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Nano Research 2016年第2期9卷 571-583页

作者： Tetyana Ignatova Alexander Balaeff Michael Blades Ming Zheng: peter Stoeckl Slava v. Rotkin Physics Department Lehigh University 16 Memorial Dr. E. Bethlehem PA 1801S USA NanoScience Technology Center University of Central Florida 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400 Orlando FL 32826 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Rochester 206 Bausch & Lomb Hall Rochester NY 14627 USA Physics Department Center for Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology and Center for Photonics & Nanoelectronics Lehigh University16 Memorial Dr. E. Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

DNA autoionization is a fundamental process wherein ultraviolet （Uv）- photoexcited nucleobases dissipate energy by charge transfer to the environment without undergoing chemical damage. Here, single-wall carbon nanotubes （SWNT） are explored as a photoluminescent reporter for the study of the mechanism and rates of DNA autoionization. Two-color photoluminescence spectroscopy allows separate photoexcitation of the DNA and the SWNTs in the Uv and visible range, respectively. A strong SWNT photoluminescence quenching is observed when the Uv pump is resonant with the DNA absorption, consistent with charge transfer from the excited states of the DNA to the SWNT. Semiempirical calculations of the DNA-SWNT electronic structure, combined with a Green＇s function theory for charge transfer, show a 20 fs autoionization rate, dominated by hole transfer. Rate-equation analysis of the spectroscopy data confirms that the quenching rate is limited by thermalization of the free charge carriers transferred to the nanotube reservoir. This approach has great potential for monitoring DNA excitation, autoionization, and chemical damage, both in vivo and in vitro.

关键词： single-wall nanotube optical spectroscopy two-color spectroscopy DNA autoionization DNA ultraviolet (Uv) excitation quantum-mechanical modeling

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STRENGTHENING REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION IN SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT-AN INvESTIGATION OF CHALLENGES

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Journal of Green Building 2017年第1期12卷 107-122页

作者： Marlene Hagen Eriksen Søren peter Bjarløv Carsten Rode Technical University of Denmark Department of Civil EngineeringDenmark

To reap the benefits of sustainability in the construction sector,it is crucial that the stakeholders involved can implement it in *** have shown that choices made in the early phases of the building process are of very great importance for the outcome and the initiatives and decisions taken by the build-ing owner are *** paper presents research on Danish building practitioners’ability to make requirements for sustainability in *** the basis of an action research strategy,we asked practitioners to help identify the challenges involved in requiring sustainable solutions through *** included among others a lack of knowledge or experience in sustainable procurement and inter-disciplinary *** research showed that practitioners are able to for-mulate specific requirements for sustainability in *** the challenges found imply that a sustainable approach in procurement is not fully implemented in a Danish *** suggests that there is a need for guidance in the area,if the practitioners are to move from good intentions to making more specific requirements for sustainability in procurement.

关键词： sustainable procurement requirement specification procurement challenges Danish construction industry building life cycle

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Effects of yttria content on the CMAS infiltration resistance of yttria stabilized thermal barrier coatings system

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第8期36卷 74-83页

作者： Juan JGomez Chavez Ravisankar Naraparaju peter Mechnich Klemens Kelm Uwe Schulz C.v.Ramana University of Texas at El Paso Department of Mechanical EngineeringEl PasoTX79968USA German Aerospace Center(DLR) Institute of Materials ResearchCologne51170Germany

The effects of YO(1.5)doping in yttria-zirconia based thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)against CMAS interaction/infiltration are *** TBCs with an YO(1.5)content ranging from 43–67 mol.%(balance Zr O2)were produced by electron beam physical vapor deposition(EB-PvD)*** results reveal a trend of higher apatite formation probability with the higher free YO(1.5)available in the yttriazirconia ***,the infiltration resistance and amount of consumed coating appears to be strongly dependent on the YO(1.5)content in the *** thinnest reaction layer and lowest infiltration was found for the highest produced 67 YO(1.5)*** XRD experiments with volcanic ash/YO(1.5)powder mixtures with higher yttria contents than in the coatings(80 YO(1.5)and pure YO(1.5))also showed higher apatite formation with respect to increasing yttria *** threshold composition to promote apatite-based reaction products was found to be around 50 YO(1.5)in zirconia which was proved in the coatings and XRD powder *** YO(1.5)-ZrO2-Fe O-TiO2 bearing zirconolite-type phase was formed as a reaction product for all the coating compositions which implicates that TiO2 in the melt acts as a trigger for zirconolite *** phase could be detrimental for CMAS/volcanic ash infiltration resistance since it can be formed alongside with apatite which controls or limits the amount of Y^(3+)available for glass *** Fe rich garnet phase containing all the possible elements exhibited a slower nucleation compared to apatite and its growth was enhanced with slow cooling *** implications of phase stability and heat treatment effects on the reaction products are discussed for tests performed at 1250°C.

关键词： CMAS volcanic ash Infiltration Electron beam physical vapor deposition Thermal barrier coating

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Assessment of limiting dietary amino acids in broiler chickens offered reduced crude protein diets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 1-11页

作者： Craig W.Maynard Michael T.Kidd peter v.Chrystal Leon R.McQuade Bernie v.McInerney peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Center of Excellence for Poultry Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701United States Poultry Research Foundation Faculty of ScienceThe University of Sydney425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

As lowering crude protein(CP)in poultry diets continues to minimize amino acid excess,it is important to understand the limiting order of amino acids and the impact of their ***,a pair of experiments were conducted to observe the effects of individual amino acid deletions on growth performance,carcass traits,and nutrient *** experiments involved 3 control diets based on wheat and soybean meal,including a 210.0 g/kg CP industry control(IC),186.7 g/kg CP positive control(PC)supplemented with feed-grade amino acids to match the IC amino acid profile,186.7 g/kg CP negative control(NC)with reducing N corrected apparent metabolizable energy(AMEN)by 0.5 MJ/kg and removing feed-grade amino acids beyond L-Lys-HCl,DL-Met,and L-Thr from *** deletion diets where the following supplemented amino acids were individually removed from the PC:val,Ile,Leu,Trp,Arg,His,Phe t Tyr,glycine equivalence(Glyequi),Pro,and Energy(0.5 MJ/kg reduction in AMEN of the PC).All diets were formulated to contain similar concentrations of digestible Lys,total sulfur amino acid(TSAA)and *** diets were offered to broiler chickens from 15 to 22 d postehatch in a cage study(Exp.1)to gain digestibility and nutrient utilization data;whereas they were offered from 15 to 35 d post ehatch in a floor-pen study(Exp.2)to gain performance and carcass yield *** removal of supplemented val,Arg,and Ile resulted in reduction on broiler performance(Pval of val,Arg,Ile,and Glyequi negatively influenced carcass traits(Pval and Arg are co-limiting in wheat-soybean meal diets,but that Ile and Glyequi may potentially limit breast and thigh development.

关键词： Amino acid Broiler chicken Crude protein Low protein diet

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Graded methionine dietary inclusions influence growth performance and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 160-168页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline peter v.Chrystal Leon R.McQuade Bernard v.Mclnerney Yangsu Kim Yumin Bao peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Baiada Poultry Ltd Pendle HillNSW2145Australia Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia CJ Bio 330Dongho-roJung-guSeoul100-400Republic of Korea Redox Pty Ltd MintoNSW2566Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia

Graded quantities of 1.38,2.76 and 4.14 g/kg L-methionine were included in a control diet formulated to contain 3.07 g/kg digestible *** of the 4 dietary treatments was offered to 6 replicate cages(initially 8 birds per cage)from 1 to 21 d *** parameters assessed included growth performance,nutrient utilisation(apparent metabolisable energy[AME],AME:GE ratios,N retention,Ncorrected apparent metabolisable energy[AMEn]),apparent digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of amino acids in the distal *** also included free amino concentrations in systemic plasma(brachial vein)at 20 d postehatch and in hepatic tissue at 14 and 21 d *** L-methionine inclusions quadratically influenced weight gain(r=0.688;P=0.001)and FCR(r=0.780;Pvels of 3.07 g/kg digestible methionine and 13.0 g/kg digestible ***,an inclusion of 3.465 g/kg L-methionine corresponded to a total of 6.535 g/kg methionine or a methionine-to-lysine ratio of 50.3,which is higher than standard *** implications of this and other outcomes of the present study are reported and discussed.

关键词： Amino acid Broiler chicken Methionine

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The influence of non-bound amino acid inclusions and starch-protein digestive dynamics on growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets with two crude protein concentrations

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 399-408页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline Michael T.Kidd peter v.Chrystal Mehdi Toghyani peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Center of Excellence for Poultry Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Complete Feed Solutions Howick2145New Zealand Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of high and low inclusions of nonbound amino acid(NBAA)in standard and reduced-crude protein(CP),wheat-based diets on growth performance in broiler *** treatments were formulated to either 210 or 180 g/kg ***210 g/kg CP diets contained either 12.1 or 21.1 g/kg NBAA and 180 g/kg CP diets contained either 44.0 or55.5 g/kg *** formulations also generated different dietary starch:protein ratios which impacted on starch-protein digestive *** of the four dietary treatments were offered to 7 replicates of15 birds housed in floor pens from 14 to 35 days post-hatch or a total of 420 male Ross 308 *** performance,relative abdominal fat-pad weights,breast muscle and leg shank yields were *** starch and protein(N)digestibility coefficients,disappearance rates and starch:protein disappearance rate ratios were *** ileal digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of 16 amino acids were determined at 35 days post-hatch and free concentrations of 20 amino acids in systemic plasma were determined at 34 days *** transition from 210 to 180 g/kg CP diets depressed weight gain by 11.3%(1742 versus 1964 g/bird)and FCR by 10.4%(1.606 versus 1.455),although both parameters were subject to treatment *** treatment interaction(Pved for FCR was because high NBAA inclusions significantly improved FCR by 4.17%(1.424 versus1.486)in birds offered 210 g/kg CP diets,but significantly depressed FCR by 3.36%(1.632 versus 1.579)in180 g/kg CP diets.A quadratic relationship(r=0.860;Pversion ***,a multiple linear regression(r=0.913;P<0.001)was detected for FCR where both NBAA inclusions and analysed dietary starch:protein ratios were significantly(P<0.001)related to ***

关键词： Amino acid Broiler Non-bound amino acid Reduced-crude protein

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Assessment of four different dietary amino acid profiles recommended for ISA Brown layer hens: A validation study

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 438-446页

作者： Mehdi Toghyani Shemil Macelline Juliano C.de Paula Dorigam peter v.Chrystal peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney Poultry Research Foundation The University of Sydney Evonik Operations GmbH

The current feeding study was designed to validate the two dietary essential amino acid profiles(EAAP)established based on linear broken-line(LBL) and quadratic broken-line(QBL) models, in a previous study, against Evonik(AMINOHen) and breeder recommendations for ISA Brown layers for peak production(PP, 20 to 44 weeks of age), and post peak production(post PP, 44 to 75 weeks of age). The EAAP based on LBL models on average had 19.5% and 26.0% lower digestible AA(Lys, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Ile and val), than the EAAP based on QBL models for PP and post PP, respectively. The EAAP based on AMINOHen and breeder recommendation had lower digestible AA than QBL, and higher EAAP than LBL models for both production phases. At 20 weeks of age, 224 ISA Brown layer hens were weighed and randomly allocated to individual battery cages. Each of the four diets was replicated 8 times with 7 birds per replicate. Egg production was recorded daily, and egg weights were measured at the end of each week. Feed consumption was measured at the end of each period. The egg production rate was not significantly affected by the diets and remained at around 98.0%(PP) and 95.0%(post PP)(P > 0.05). Birds fed diets based on LBL recommendation consistently laid smaller eggs, resulting in a lower egg mass(59.8 vs. 62.0 g egg/hen per day during PP, and 60.3 vs. 63.0 g egg/hen per day during post PP; P 0.05). The highest feed conversion ratio(FCR) during PP(P = 0.067) and post PP(P ve average egg production rate. However, the EAAP based on LBL models may potentially decrease the input feed cost per kilogram of eggs but are not set to optimise FCR and maximise egg mass.

关键词： Ideal amino acid profile Regression model Egg production Egg mass

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Geodynamic evolution of the Earth over the Phanerozoic:Plate tectonic activity and palaeoclimatic indicators

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第2期4卷 167-188页

作者： Christian vérard Cyril Hochard peter O.Baumgartner Gérard M.Stampfli Université de Lausanne (UNIL) Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTE)

During the last decades, numerous local reconstructions based on field geol- ogy were developed at the University of Lausanne （UNIL）. Team members of the UNIL partici- pated in the elaboration of a 600 Ma to present global plate tectonic model deeply rooted in geological data, controlled by geometric and kinematic constraints and coherent with forces acting at plate boundaries. In this paper, we compare values derived from the tectonic model （ages of oceanic floor, production and subduction rates, tectonic activity） with a combination of chemical proxies （namely CO2, 87Sr/86Sr, glaciation evidence, and sea-level variations） known to be strongly in- fluenced by tectonics. One of the outstanding results is the observation of an overall decreas- ing trend in the evolution of the global tectonic activity, mean oceanic ages and plate velocities over the whole Phanerozoic. We speculate that the decreasing trend reflects the global cooling of the Earth system. Additionally, the parallel between the tectonic activity and CO2 together with the extension of glaciations confirms the generally accepted idea of a primary control of CO2 on climate and highlights the link between plate tectonics and CO2 in a time scale greater than 107 yr. Last, the wide variations observed in the reconstructed sea-floor production rates are in contradiction with the steady-state model hypothesized by some.

关键词： geodynamic plate tectonics plate model Phanerozoic palaeoclimate CO2,strontium glaciation

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