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慢性HCV感染者IL-2分泌性CD4^+T辅助细胞的选择性缺失

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第9期1卷 46-46页

作者： Semmo N. Day C.L. Ward S.m. P. Klenerman 王铮 Department of Clinical medicine University of Oxford Peter Medawar Bldg. for Pathog. Res. South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3SY United Kingdom Dr.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) becomes persistent in the majority of infected individuals. In doing so, the virus evades host adaptive immune responses, although the mechanisms responsible in this evasion are not clear. Several groups have demonstrated weak or absent HCV-specific CD4+T cell responses during chronic HCV infection using proliferation assays and, more recently, class II tetramers. However, the functional status of HCV-specific CD4+T cells in resolved and persistent infection is poorly understood. Using interferon γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) enzyme-linked immunospot assays, we analyzed cytokine secretion patterns in chronically infected patients and compared them with those with resolved infection. In the spontaneous resolver group, strong IL-2 secretion in relation to IFN-γsecretion was observed. However, in the persistently infected group, a consistent and significant loss of IL-2-secreting cells, compared with IFN-γ-secreting cells, was identified. In vitro addition of IL-2 had a substantial effect in restoring CD4+T cell activity. In conclusion, failure of IL-2 secretion, as opposed to physical deletion or complete functional unresponsiveness, appears to be an important determinant of the status of CD4+T cell populations in chronic HCV infection. Loss of IL-2 secretory capacity may lead to disruption of IFN-γand proliferative function in vivo-a status that characterizes the cellular immune response in both CD4+and CD8+compartments in chronic disease.

关键词：辅助细胞 CD4 丙型肝炎病毒消退期适应性免疫自限性免疫逃避机制干扰素γ 特异性酶联免疫斑点法

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血管性因素对认知损害和痴呆的促成作用美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第2期20卷 85-124页

作者：无无无无无曹雯炜（译）糜建华（译）宋叶平（译）余寿芬（译）王飞（译）李焰生（译）美国心脏协会卒中委员会流行病学与预防委员会心血管护理委员会心血管放射学和介入委员会心血管外科和麻醉学委员会上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经科上海200127

背景与目的本科学声明提供了血管性因素对认知损害（co,airiveimpairment）和痴呆促成作用证据的纵览。血管性因素在老年认知损害和痴呆中的作用十分普遍。本文对血管性认知损害（vascularcognitiveimpairment，VCI）的定义、神经病理... 详细信息

背景与目的本科学声明提供了血管性因素对认知损害（co,airiveimpairment）和痴呆促成作用证据的纵览。血管性因素在老年认知损害和痴呆中的作用十分普遍。本文对血管性认知损害（vascularcognitiveimpairment，VCI）的定义、神经病理学、基础科学和病理生理学研究、神经影像学的作用、血管性和其他相关危险因素的作用以及潜在的防治方法进行了回顾，旨在为临床医生提供一份总体指导，以进一步加深对VCI和痴呆及其防治的理解。方法写作组成员由写作组联合主席基于先前在相关领域的研究成果提名，并经美国心脏协会（AmericanHeartAssociation，AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会、流行病学和预防委员会以及文稿监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾（主要涵盖1990年至2010年5月期间的文献）、以往公布的指南、个人资料以及专家观点总结现有证据，提出当前知识的不足，并对适当的问题根据AHA标准制定推荐意见。所有写作组成员均有机会对推荐意见进行评论并认可了最终版本。经AHA的同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层、流行病学和预防委员会以及科学声明监督委员会审阅后，最终获得AHA科学咨询和协调委员会批准。结果VCI概念的提出涵盖了与所有类型脑血管性脑损害（而不仅仅是卒中）相关的整个认知障碍（cognitivedisorder）谱，其范围从轻度认知损害到完全痴呆。神经血管单元和脑血流调节机制障碍可能是VCI的潜在病理生理学过程的重要组成部分。脑淀粉样血管病已成为阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimerdisease，AD）、微梗死、微出血、脑出血以及VCI风险的一个重要标志。老年认知损害的神经病理学改变常常是AD与微血管性脑损害的混合状态，二者可叠加和协同增高认知损害风险。就此而言，mRI和其他神经影像学技术在VCI的确定和识别中起着重要作用，并提供证据说明以白质高信号和小的深部梗死为特征的皮质下型VCI很常见。在许多情况下，VCI的风险标志同样也是卒中的传统危险因素。这些危险因素包括但不仅限于心房颤动、高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症。而且，这些血管危险因素也可能是AD的风险标志。颈动脉内膜一中膜厚度和动脉僵硬度是动脉老化的标记物，也可能成为VCI的风险标志。目前，美国食品药物管理局尚未批准任何VCI的特异性治疗方法。不过，对卒中和心血管病传统危险因素的评价和控制，可能对包括老年人群在内的VCI的预防具有作用。结论血管性因素在认知损害和痴呆中的促成作用很重要。近年来，在临床前、神经病理学、神经影像学、生理学和流行病学研究基础上，对VCI的认识得到了不断提高。推荐使用跨学科的、转化的以及交互的方法进一步加深对此领域的了解，并更好地掌握其神经心理学特征。需要开展前瞻性定量临床一病理学一神经影像学研究，以提高对神经影像学改变的病理学基础，以及血管病变和AD病变在VCI和AD临床演变中的复杂的丰互作用的认识。可能需要在中年期尽早肝始对血管危险标志进行长期干预，以预防或延迟VCI或AD发病的研究。住高危人群I}1强化控制血管危险因素则是另一个重要的研究方向。

关键词： AHA科学声明血管性痴呆阿尔茨海默病危险因素预防治疗

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One stop shop:backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera:Ⅰ(2014)

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第4期 21-125页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde R.Henrik Nilsson S.Aisyah Alias Hiran A.Ariyawansa Jaime E.Blair Lei Cai Arthur W.A.m.de Cock Asha J.Dissanayake Sally L.Glockling Ishani D.Goonasekara michal Gorczak matthias Hahn Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jan A.L.van Kan matthew H.Laurence C.AndréLévesque Xinghong Li Jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa S.N.maharachchikumbura Dimuthu S.manamgoda Frank N.martin Eric H.C.mcKenzie Alistair R.mcTaggart peter E.mortimer Prakash V.R.Nair Julia Pawlowska Tara L.Rintoul Roger G.Shivas Christoffel F.J.Spies Brett A.Summerell Paul W.J.Taylor Razak B.Terhem Dhanushka Udayanga Niloofar Vaghefi Grit Walther mateusz Wilk marta Wrzosek Jian-Chu Xu JiYe Yan Nan Zhou Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China World Agroforestry Centre East Asia NodeHeilongtanKunming 650201People’s Republic of China Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Botany and microbiology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgBox 46140530 GöteborgSweden Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences(IOES) C308Institute of Postgraduate Studies BuildingUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Biology Franklin&Marshall CollegeLancasterPAUSA State Key Laboratory of mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 People’s Republic of China CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre Uppsalalaan 83584CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionNo.9 of ShuguanghuayuanzhongluHaidian DistrictBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China 135 Brodrick Road Eastbourne BN229RAEast SussexUK Department of Plant Systematics and Geography Faculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawAl.Ujazdowskie 400-478WarsawPoland Department of Biology TU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrodinger-StraBe67663 KaiserslauternGermany Laboratory of Phytopathology Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Mrs Macquaries RdSydneyNew South Wales 2000Australia Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Central Experimental FarmOttawaONCanada United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceSalinasCAUSA Landcare Research Private Bag92170 AucklandNew Zealand Department of Agriculture Fisheries and ForestryEcosciences PrecinctDutton ParkQueensland 4102Australia Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of

many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and *** are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/*** identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi,while important,is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these ***(DNA sequence)data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies,although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical *** facilitate current and future research,this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,mucormycotina(Fungi),and Oomycota,using recent molecular data,up-to-date names,and the latest taxonomic *** laboratory protocols together with advice on their application,as well as general observations,are also *** hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data *** of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future ***,Botryosphaeriaceae,Botryosphaeria,Botrytis,Choanephora,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,Dothiorella,Fusarium,Gilbertella,Lasiodiplodia,mucor,Neofusicoccum,Pestalotiopsis,Phyllosticta,Phytophthora,Puccinia,Pyrenophora,Pythium,Rhizopus,Stagonosporopsis,Ustilago and Verticillium are dealt with in this paper.

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Endophytes mucormycotina molecular identification Oomycota Plant pathogens Protozoa

更加全面地认识城镇化、城镇地区和碳循环的关系

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城市与区域规划研究 2017年第3期9卷 245-264页

作者：帕特里夏·罗梅罗-兰考凯文·格尼凯伦·濑户米哈伊尔·切斯特赖利·杜伦萨拉·休斯露西·赫蒂拉彼得·马科图利奥拉里·贝克南希·格里姆克里斯·肯尼迪伊丽莎白·拉森斯蒂芬妮·平塞特丹·伦福洛兰迪·桑切斯吉娅米·斯雷斯塔安德烈亚·萨兹姆斯基乔舒亚·斯佩林埃莉诺·斯托克斯高雪梅徐瑾顾朝林美国都市未来和大气研究中心亚利桑那州立大学生命科学学院/全球持续力学院耶鲁大学森林与环境研究学院亚利桑那州立大学土木、环境和可持续工程学院美国国家航空航天局喷气推进实验室多伦多环境保护局/多伦多大学波士顿大学地球和环境系纽约城市大学亨特学院地理系明尼苏达大学生物产品和生物系统工程系多伦多大学土木工程系美国科学促进会/美国国家航空航天局加利福尼亚大学环境与可持续发展学院美国大气研究中心/乔治·华盛顿公共政策研究所墨西哥城市与环境学院人口研究中心美国碳循环科学项目办公室德拉华大学公共政策和管理学院清华大学建筑学院

对城镇化、城镇地区和碳循环相关的独立研究，加深了我们对能源和土地使用影响碳循环这一过程的认识。文章将多样化观点综合在一起，作为全面理解城镇化过程、城镇地区及其与碳循环关系的第一步。文章建议，对于不同的城镇化过程、机理... 详细信息

对城镇化、城镇地区和碳循环相关的独立研究，加深了我们对能源和土地使用影响碳循环这一过程的认识。文章将多样化观点综合在一起，作为全面理解城镇化过程、城镇地区及其与碳循环关系的第一步。文章建议，对于不同的城镇化过程、机理和要素，不同的时间、不同的城市乃至跨城市的碳排放时空模式问题，需要在现有研究方法的基础上，应用补充和整合的新型跨学科研究法进行研究。文章呼吁对城镇化和不同位置城市碳影响的研究需要采用更加整体性的方法，其中既包括收入，也包括城市发展路径的其他相互联系的特性，如城市形态、经济功能和制度或治理安排。文章进一步指出城镇化机理和城镇化过程都存在广泛的不确定性，而且两者都与城市社会制度和建成环境系统存在相互关系，它们三者对碳循环均有影响，并且相关碳排量的控制又会对城镇化产生影响。最后，文章还研究了低碳城市转型发展的路径、障碍和局限，建议发展终端到终端、合作、综合的科学意识，从而提高城市转型效率，同时规避转型过程中的障碍。

关键词：城镇化城镇地区碳循环

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CEPC Technical Design Report

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Radiation Detection Technology and methods 2024年第1期8卷 I0003-I0016,1-1091页

作者： Waleed Abdallah Tiago Carlos Adorno de Freitas Konstantin Afanaciev Shakeel Ahmad Ijaz Ahmed Xiaocong Ai Abid Aleem Wolfgang Altmannshofer Fabio Alves Weiming An Rui An Daniele Paolo Anderle Stefan Antusch Yasuo Arai Andrej Arbuzov Abdesslam Arhrib mustafa Ashry Sha Bai Yu Bai Yang Bai Vipul Bairathi Csaba Balazs Philip Bambade Yong Ban Tripamo Bandyopadhyay Shou-Shan Bao Desmond P.Barber Ayse Bat Varvara Batozskaya Subash Chandra Behera Alexander Belyaev michele Bertucci Xiao-Jun Bi Yuanjie Bi Tianjian Bian Fabrizio Bianchi Thomas Biekotter michela Biglietti Shalva Bilanishvili Deng Binglin Denis Bodrov Anton Bogomyagkov Serge Bondarenko Stewart Boogert maarten Boonekamp marcello Borri Angelo Bosotti Vincent Boudry mohammed Boukidi Igor Boyko Ivanka Bozovic Giuseppe Bozzi Jean-Claude Brient Anastasiia Budzinskaya masroor Bukhari Vladimir Bytev Giacomo Cacciapaglia Hua Cai Wenyong Cai Wujun Cai Yijian Cai Yizhou Cai Yuchen Cai Haiying Cai Huacheng Cai Lorenzo Calibbi Junsong Cang Guofu Cao Jianshe Cao Antoine Chance Xuejun Chang Yue Chang Zhe Chang Xinyuan Chang Wei Chao Auttakit Chatrabhuti Yimin Che Yuzhi Che Bin Chen Danping Chen Fuqing Chen Fusan Chen Gang Chen Guoming Chen Hua-Xing Chen Huirun Chen Jinhui Chen Ji-Yuan Chen Kai Chen mali Chen mingjun Chen mingshui Chen Ning Chen Shanhong Chen Shanzhen Chen Shao-Long Chen Shaomin Chen Shiqiang Chen Tianlu Chen Wei Chen Xiang Chen Xiaoyu Chen Xin Chen Xun Chen Xurong Chen Ye Chen Ying Chen Yukai Chen Zelin Chen Zilin Chen Gang Chen Boping Chen Chunhui Chen Hok Chuen Cheng Huajie Cheng Shan Cheng Tongguang Cheng Yunlong Chi Pietro Chimenti Wen Han Chiu Guk Cho ming-Chung Chu Xiaotong Chu Ziliang Chu Guglielmo Coloretti Andreas Crivellin Hanhua Cui Xiaohao Cui Zhaoyuan Cui Brunella D'Anzi Ling-Yun Dai Xinchen Dai Xuwen Dai Antonio De maria Nicola De Filippis Christophe De La Taille Francesca De mori Chiara De Sio Elisa Del Core Shuangxue Deng Wei-Tian Deng Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Bhupal Dev Tang Dewen Biagio Di micco Ran Ding Siqin Dingl Yadong Ding Haiyi Dong Jianin AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakow Anhui University HefeiAnhui Applied Physics Department Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyIslamabad Banaras Hindu University Institute of ScienceVaranasi Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Bandirma Beihang University Beijing Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing Beijing Conveyi LTD Beijing Beijing Glass Research Institute Co. LtdBeijing Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Beijing Normal University Beijing Brown University ProvidenceRI Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk Cadi Ayyad University Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied PhysicsPolydisciplinary FacultyMarrakech Cairo University Giza Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu Central China Normal University WuhanHubei Central South University ChangshaHunan Centro de Fisica Teorica de Particulas Universidade Tecnica de LisboaLisboa Chengdu KaitengSifang Digital Radio&TV Equipment Co. LtdChengduSichuan China academy of engineering physics MianyangSichuan China building materials academy Beijing China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China Jiliang University HangzhouZhejiang China Nuclear Instrument CO. LTDBeijing China University of Geosciences Beijing China University of Geosciences WuhanHubei China University of mining and Technology XuzhouJiangsu China West Normal University NanchongSichuan Chongqing University Department of PhysicsChongqing Chulalongkorn University Bangkok City University of Hong Kong Department of PhysicsHong Kong Cockcroft Institute Daresbury Cornell University IthacaNY CPPm(AmU/IPhU&CNRS/INP) Marseille Dalian minzu University DalianLiaoning Dalian University of Technology Department of PhysicsDalian Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(DLNP JINR) Dubna East China University Of Science And Technol

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international *** complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs *** its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 mW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs *** the SR power to 50 mW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of *** Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering ***,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection *** is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 *** commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

关键词： initiated exceeding precise