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Towards implementation of alloy-specific thermo-fluid modelling for laser powder-bed fusion of mg alloys

Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2327-2344页

作者： mohammad Hoseini-Athar mikael Ersson peter Hedström Department of material Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE-10044 Sweden

multi-physics thermo-fluid modeling has been extensively used as an approach to understand melt pool dynamics and defect formation as well as optimizing the process-related parameters of laser powder-bed fusion(L-PBF).However,its capabilities for being implemented as a reliable tool for material design,where minor changes in material-related parameters must be accurately captured,is still in *** the present research,first,a thermo-fluid computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model is developed and validated against experimental *** the predicted material properties of the pure mg and commercial ZK60 and WE43 mg alloys,parametric studies are done attempting to elucidate how the difference in some of the material properties,i.e.,saturated vapor pressure,viscosity,and solidification range,can influence the melt pool *** is found that a higher saturated vapor pressure,associated with the ZK60 alloy,leads to a deeper unstable keyhole,increasing the keyhole-induced porosity and evaporation mass *** viscosity and wider solidification range can increase the non-uniformity of temperature and velocity distribution on the keyhole walls,resulting in increased keyhole instability and formation of ***,the WE43 alloy showed the best behavior in terms of defect formation and evaporation mass loss,providing theoretical support to the extensive use of this alloy in *** summary,this study suggests an approach to investigate the effect of materials-related parameters on L-PBF melting and solidification,which can be extremely helpful for future design of new alloys suitable for L-PBF.

关键词： mg alloys Laser powder-bed fusion(L-PBF) melt pool dynamics Computational fluid dynamics Fluid flow

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Spatial and temporal patterns of sarcoptic mange in wombats using the citizen science tool,WomSAT

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 387-399页

作者： Sujatha mAYADUNNAGE Hayley Jade STANNARD peter WEST Julie m.OLD School of Science Western Sydney UniversityHawkesburyNSWAustralia School of Agricultural Environmental and Veterinary SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia Department of Primary Industries Orange Agricultural InstituteOrangeNSWAustralia

There is currently limited information regarding the levels of infection and distribution of sarcoptic mange in the wombat population throughout *** analyzed cases of sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats reported into WomSAT,a website and mobile phone application where citizen scientists can upload sightings of wombats,burrows,and sarcoptic mange *** used maxent software to predict locations and the environmental factors associated with sarcoptic mange occurrence in bare-nosed wombats.A total of 1379 sarcoptic mange-infected and 3043 non-sarcoptic mange-infected wombats were reported by 674 and 841 citizen scientists,*** all the wombats reported to WomSAT from 2015 to 2019,31.2%were infected with sarcoptic *** mange in bare-nosed wombats was reported in 502 suburbs across four *** South Wales had the highest number of sarcoptic mange cases reported to *** was no statistically significant seasonal variation of sarcoptic mange levels in bare-nosed *** model showed that Euclidean distance to urban areas was the highest contributing factor for sarcoptic mange *** distance to urban areas decreased,the suitability for sarcoptic mange *** precipitation was the next contributing factor in the model,with higher rainfall of 400–700 mm correlating to an increase in sarcoptic mange *** the data collected to date have provided the largest-scale contemporary distribution of sarcoptic mange in wombats,data should continue to be collected by citizen scientists as it is an easy and low-cost method of collecting data over large *** suggest targeting the identified hotspot areas and more site-specific studies for studying and mitigating sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats.

关键词： bare-nosed wombats habitat suitability maxent modeling

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Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan Sean m.Riordan matthew C.Gernon peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal CNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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Highly-sensitive wafer-scale transfer-free graphene mEmS condenser microphones

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 267-275页

作者： Roberto Pezone Sebastian Anzinger Gabriele Baglioni Hutomo Suryo Wasisto Pasqualina m.Sarro peter G.Steeneken Sten Vollebregt Laboratory of Electronic Components Technology and Materials(ECTM)Department of MicroelectronicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Infineon Technologies AG Am Campeon 1-15Neubiberg 85579Germany Kavli Institue of Nanoscience Department of Quantum NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands Department of Precision and microsystems Engineering(PmE) Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Since the performance of micro-electro-mechanical system(mEmS)-based microphones is approaching fundamental physical,design,and material limits,it has become challenging to improve *** works have demonstrated graphene’s suitability as a microphone *** potential for achieving smaller,more sensitive,and scalable onchip mEmS microphones is yet to be *** address large graphene sizes,graphene-polymer heterostructures have been proposed,but they compromise performance due to added polymer mass and *** work demonstrates the first wafer-scale integrated mEmS condenser microphones with diameters of 2R=220-320μm,thickness of 7 nm multi-layer graphene,that is suspended over a back-plate with a residual gap of 5μ*** microphones are manufactured with mEmS compatible wafer-scale technologies without any transfer steps or polymer layers that are more prone to contaminate and wrinkle the *** designs,all electrically integrated are fabricated and characterized allowing us to study the effects of the introduction of a back-plate for capacitive *** devices show high mechanical compliances C_(m)=0.081-1.07μmPa^(−1)(10-100×higher than the silicon reported in the state-of-the-art diaphragms)and pull-in voltages in the range of 2-9.5 *** addition,to validate the proof of concept,we have electrically characterized the graphene microphone when subjected to sound *** estimated sensitivity of S_(1kHz)=24.3-321 mV Pa^(−1)for a V_(bias)=1.5 V was determined,which is 1.9-25.5×higher than of state-of-the-art microphone devices while having a~9×smaller area.

关键词： transfer plate approaching

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Ultrafast magneto-optical dynamics in nickel(111)single crystal studied by the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 65-69页

作者：匡皓余军潇陈洁 H.E.Elsayed-Ali 李润泽 peter m.Rentzepis School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education)Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVirginia 23529USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA

With the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes,we observed carrier relaxation and spin dynamics induced by ultrafast laser excitation of Ni(111)single *** carrier relaxation time within the linear excitation range reveals that electron-phonon coupling and dissipation of photon energy into the bulk of the crystal take tens of *** the other hand,the observed spin dynamics indicate a longer time of about 120 *** further understand how the lattice degree of freedom is coupled with these dynamics may require the integration of an ultrafast diffraction probe.

关键词： ultrafast spin dynamics non-equilibrium dynamics multi-probe

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Gene complementation analysis indicates that parasitic dodder plants do not depend on the host FT protein for flowering

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Plant Communications 2024年第5期5卷 104-108页

作者： Sina mackelmann Andrea Kanel Lara m.Kosters peter Lyko Dirk Prufer Gundula A.Noll Susann Wicke Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology University of MuensterSchlossplatz 848143 MuensterGermany Institute for Biology Humboldt-University of BerlinHaus 22Philippstr.1310115 BerlinGermany Fraunhofer Institute for molecular Biology and Applied Ecology ImE Schlossplatz 848143 MuensterGermany

Dear Editor,Cuscuta,a genus of parasitic plants,poses a significant threat to global agriculture due to its broad host range that encompasses numerous cultivated *** plants form specialized feeding organs(haustoria)that connect to the host vascular tissue and import water,nutrients,secondary metabolites,small RNAs,mRNAs,and *** such protein is FT,a peptide hormone and florigen that was recently proposed to cause the synchronization of flowering in the parasite–host system(Shen et al.,2020).

关键词： specialized organs analysis

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High-Performance and Large-Area Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on NiO_(x) Films Enabled with A Novel microstructure-Control Technology

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第1期7卷 153-159页

作者： Guibin Shen Xin Li Yuqin Zou Hongye Dong Dongping Zhu Yanglin Jiang Xin Ren Ng Fen Lin peter müller-Buschbaum Cheng mu Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion materials and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Physik-Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle MaterialienTechnische Universität MünchenJames-Franck-Straße 185748Garching Germany Heinz maier-Leibnitz Zentrum(mLZ) Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr.185748Garching Germany

The improvement in the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is significantly limited by undesirable contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite *** this study,a novel microstructure-control technology is proposed for fabrication of porous NiO_(x)films using Pluronic P123 as the structure-directing agent and acetylacetone(AcAc)as the coordination *** synthesized porous NiO_(x)films enhanced the hole extraction efficiency and reduced recombination defects at the NiO_(x)/perovskite ***,without any modification,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the PSC with mAPbl_(3)as the absorber layer improved from 16.50%to 19.08%.moreover,the PCE of the device composed of perovskite Cs0.05(mA_(0.15)FA_(0.85))_(0.95)Pb(I_(0.85)Br_(0.15))_(3)improved from 17.49%to 21.42%.Furthermore,the application of the fabricated porous NiO_(x)on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrates enabled the fabrication of large-area PSCs(1.2 cm^(2))with a PCE of 19.63%.This study provides a novel strategy for improving the contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface for the fabrication of high-performance large-area perovskite solar cells.

关键词： interfacial contact inverted and large-area perovskite solar cells photovoltaic materials porous NiO_(x)films renewable energy

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Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： mukti Barua m.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy J.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish peter V.Chrystal Velmurugu Ravindran monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd Complete Feed Solutions

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SIDC) of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in two protein sources (soybean meal [SBm] and canola meal [Cm]) were investigated at six broiler ages (d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42). Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBm (413 g/kg) or Cm (553 g/kg) as the sole dietary AA source. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added as an indigestible marker. A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age group. Each assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7 (14 birds/cage), 14 (12 birds/cage), 21 (10 birds/cage), 28 (8 birds/cage), 35 (8 birds/cage) and 42 (6 birds/cage), respectively. The apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA flows. In the SBm group, though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced (quadratic; P=0.075) by age, no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable (IAA) and total AA (TAA). An age effect (quadratic; Pm with the highest value recorded at d 7, followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28, which increased beyond d 35. The SIDC of some individual AA (Arg, Thr, Trp, Cys, Pro) were affected (Pmanner by age. In the Cm, the SIDC of N, average SIDC of IAA, DAA and TAA were influenced (quadratic; Pm d 7 to 14, declined at d 21, and then increased beyond d 28. The average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased thereafter. The SIDC of individual AA were affected (linear or quadratic; Pmagnitudes by age. The age influence on the SIDC AA was variable, depending on the protein source and AA. The results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura m.Jensen Raluca G.mateescu peter J.Hansen Department of Animal Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, more than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consumed by the female that produced the calf. Development of genomic tools to identify females with high genetic merit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genome-wide association studies(GWAS) were performed using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcome traits from a population of Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers. Furthermore, a validation GWAS was performed using data from another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of timed artificial insemination(AI) followed by natural mating for 3 months. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcome to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estimated as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI model, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 mb on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS model, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonymous with the QTL for PAI, with minor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers bred by natural mating. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In summary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcomes in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirmation of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

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