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Chronotropic incompetence is more frequent in obese adolescents and relates to systemic inflammation and exercise intolerance

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第2期12卷 194-201页

作者： Wouter m.A.Franssen Charly Keytsman Nastasia marinus Kenneth Verboven Bert O.Eijnde Lisa van Ryckeghem Paul Dendale Renate Zeevaert Guy massa Dominique hansen Rehabilitation Research Centre(REVAL) Faculty of Rehabilitation SciencesHasselt UniversityHasselt 3500Belgium Biomedical Research Institute(BIOmED) Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasselt 3500Belgium ADLON Sports medical Center Hasselt 3500Belgium Heart Centre Hasselt Jessa HospitalHasselt 3500Belgium Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Jessa HospitalHasselt 3500Belgium

Background:Adults with obesity may display disturbed cardiac chronotropic responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing,which relates to poor cardiometabolic health and an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular *** is unknown whether cardiac chronotropic incompetence(CI)during maximal exercise is already present in obese adolescents and,if so,how that relates to cardiometabolic ***:Sixty-nine obese adolescents(body mass index standard deviation score=2.23±0.32,age=14.1±1.2 years;mean±SD)and 29lean adolescents(body mass index standard deviation score=-0.16±0.84,age=14.0±1.5 years)performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing from which indicators for peak performance were *** resting heart rate and peak heart rate were used to calculate the maximal chronotropic response ***(lipid profile,glycemic control,inflammation,and leptin)was studied in fasted blood samples and during an oral glucose tolerance test within obese *** analyses were applied to examine associations between the presence of CI and blood or exercise capacity parameters,respectively,within obese ***:CI was prevalent in 32 out of 69 obese adolescents(46%)and 3 out of 29 lean adolescents(10%).C-reactive protein was significantly higher in obese adolescents with CI compared to obese adolescents without CI(p=0.012).Furthermore,peak oxygen uptake and peak cycling power output were significantly reduced(pmore common in the current cohort of obese adolescents,and is related to systemic inflammation and exercise intolerance.

关键词： Adolescents Cardiometabolic health Exercise tolerance Heart rate Obesity

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Delivery of inert gas through a vertical borehole using inert gas generator: A theoretical study

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2020年第4期30卷 501-510页

作者： Rickard hansen Sustainable minerals Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia

The delivery of the inert gas through a vertical borehole using inert gas generator or IGG is *** limitations and/or transient effects are *** the analysis,the borehole diameter,borehole length,type of borehole and partial condensation prior to entering the borehole were varied.A choked flow will occur for a contraction exit or borehole of 0.3 m in diameter if no condensation prior to the contraction *** partial condensation takes place,a borehole diameter of 0.3 m will be possible if almost 50%of the water vapour ***,pressure losses along boreholes with a diameter of 0.3 or 0.4 m are significant and could pose a challenge if trying to mitigate the pressure *** a booster fan prior to the inlet of the 0.4 m lined borehole would still be a *** corresponding case with a 0.5 m borehole presents much more favourable pressure *** 0.5 m diameter lined borehole should be regarded as the lower *** rapid heating of the unlined borehole surface will increase the risk of thermal spallation and possibly imposing *** the mechanisms during gas delivery will increase the likelihood of a successful inertisation.

关键词： GAG Inert gas Condensation Pressure loss Choked flow Gas velocity Borehole Heat transfer

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Reconstruction of a Global 9km,8-Day SmAP Surface Soil moisture Dataset during 2015-2020 by Spatiotemporal Fusion

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2022年第1期2022卷 116-138页

作者： Haoxuan Yang Qunming Wang Wei Zhao Xiaohua Tong peter m.Atkinson College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics Tongji University1239 Siping RoadShanghai 200092China Institute of mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Faculty of Science and Technology Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YRUK Geography and Environment University of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthampton SO171BJUK

Soil moisture,a crucial property for Earth surface research,has been focused widely in various *** Soil moisture Active Passive(SmAP)global products at 36 km and 9 km(called P36 and AP9 in this research)have been published from April ***,the 9 km AP9 product was retrieved from the active radar and L-band passive radiometer and the active radar failed in July *** this research,the virtual image pair-based spatiotemporal fusion model was coupled with a spatial weighting scheme(VIPSTF-SW)to simulate the 9 km AP9 data after failure of the active *** method makes full use of all the historical AP9 and P36 data available between April and July *** a result,8-day composited 9 km SmAP data at the global scale were produced from 2015 to 2020,by downscaling the corresponding 8-day composited P36 *** available AP9 data and in situ reference data were used to validate the predicted 9 km ***,the predicted 9 km SmAP data can provide more spatial details than P36 and are more accurate than the existing EP9 *** VIPSTF-SW-predicted 9 km SmAP data are an accurate substitute for AP9 and will be made freely available to support research and applications in hydrology,climatology,ecology,and many other fields at the global scale.

关键词： details moisture Reconstruction

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Cutting force model and damage formation mechanism in milling of 70wt%Si/Al composite

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第7期36卷 114-128页

作者： Guolong ZHAO Lianjia XIN Liang LI Yang ZHANG Ning HE Hans Nørgaard hansen College of mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Department of Civil and mechanical Engineering Technical University of DenmarkKgs.Lyngby 2800Denmark

High-mass fraction silicon aluminium composite(Si/Al composite) has unique properties of high specific strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent wear resistance and weldability. It has attracted many applications in terms of radar communication, aerospace and automobile industry. However, rapid tool wear resulted from high cutting force and hard abrasion, and damaged machined surfaces are the main problem in machining Si/Al composite. This work aims to reveal the mechanisms of milling-induced damages of 70wt% Si/Al composites. A cutting force analytical model considering the characteristics of both the primary silicon particles and the cutting-edge radius was established. milling experiments were conducted to verify the validity of the model. The results show that the analytical model exhibits a good consistency with the experimental results, and the error is about 10%. The cutting-edge radius has significant effects on the cutting force, surface roughness and damage formation. With the increase in the cutting-edge radius, both the cutting force and the surface roughness decrease firstly and then increase. When the cutting-edge radius is 27 μm, the surface roughness(Sa) reaches the minimum of 2.3 μ***-induced surface damages mainly contain cracks, pits, scratches, matrix coating and *** damage formation is dominated by the failure mode of primary silicon particles, which includes compressive breakage, intragranular fracture, particle pull-out, and interface debonding. In addition, the high ductility of aluminium matrix leads to matrix coating. This work provides guidance for tool selection and damage inhibition in high-efficiency and high-precision machining of high mass fraction Si/Al composites.

关键词： posite Cutting force analytical model Cutting-edge radius Surface quality Damage formation mechanism

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HOTSPOTS OF NUTRIENT LOSSES TO AIR AND WATER:AN INTEGRATED mODELING APPROACH FOR EUROPEAN RIVER BASINS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 579-592页

作者： Aslihan URAL-JANSSEN Carolien KROEZE Jan peter LESSCHEN Erik mEERS peter J.T.m.VANPUIJENBROEK maryna STROKAL Water Systems and Global Change Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Environmental Systems Analysis Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Wageningen Environmental Research PO Box 476700AA Wageningenthe Netherlands. Laboratory of Bioresource Recovery(RE-soURCE LAB) Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000 GhentBelgium. PBL The Netherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyPO Box 303142500GH The Haguethe Netherlands.

Nutrient pollution of air and water is a persistent problem in ***,the pollution sources are often analyzed separately,preventingthe formulation of integrative *** study aimed to quantify the contribution of agriculture to air,river and coastal water pollution by nutrients.A new mARINA-Nutrients model was developed for Europe to calculate inputs of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to land and rivers,N emissions to air,and nutrient export to seas by river *** current practice,inputs of N and P to land were 34.4 and 1.8 ***^(-1),***,only 12%of N and 3%of P reached the *** was responsible for 55%of N and sewage for 67%of P in *** N emissions to air from agriculture were calculated at 4.0 ***^(-1).Almost twofifths of N emissions to air were from animal housing and *** a third of the basin area was considered as pollution hotspots and generated over half of N emissions to air and nutrient pollution in *** 25%of river export of N ended up in the Atlantic Ocean and of P in the mediterranean *** results could support environmental policies to reduce both air and water pollution simultaneously,and avoid pollution swapping.

关键词： agriculture air-water modeling European rivers nutrient pollution sewage systems source attribution

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A review of current understanding in tribochemical reactions involving lubricant additives

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Friction 2023年第4期11卷 489-512页

作者： Yan CHEN peter RENNER Hong LIANG Department of materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843USA J.mike Walker’66 Department of mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843USA

Lubricants have played important roles in friction and wear reduction and increasing efficiency of mechanical *** optimize tribological performance,chemical reactions between a lubricant and a substrate must be designed *** reactions are chemical reactions enabled or accelerated by mechanical *** activated lubricant additives play important roles in these *** this review,current understanding in mechanisms of chemical reactions under shear has been *** such as oil-soluble organics,ionic liquids(ILs),and nanoparticles(NPs)were analyzed in relation to the tribochemical reaction routes with elements in metallic *** results indicated that phosphorus,sulfur,fluorine,and nitrogen are key elements for tribochemical *** resulting tribofilms from zinc dithiophosphates(ZDDP)and molybdenum dithiocarbamate(moDTC)have been widely reported,yet that from ILs and NPs need to investigate *** review serves as a reference for researchers to design and optimize new lubricants.

关键词： lubricant additives tribochemical reactions oil-soluble organics ionic liquids(ILs) nanoparticles(NPs)

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Temporal sequence Object-based CNN(TS-OCNN) for crop classification from fine resolution remote sensing image time-series

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The Crop Journal 2022年第5期10卷 1507-1516页

作者： Huapeng Li Yajun Tian Ce Zhang Shuqing Zhang peter mAtkinson Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130012JilinChina Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK Faculty of Science and Technology Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YRUK

Accurate crop distribution mapping is required for crop yield prediction and field management. Due to rapid progress in remote sensing technology, fine spatial resolution(FSR) remotely sensed imagery now offers great opportunities for mapping crop types in great detail. However, within-class variance can hamper attempts to discriminate crop classes at fine resolutions. multi-temporal FSR remotely sensed imagery provides a means of increasing crop classification from FSR imagery, although current methods do not exploit the available information fully. In this research, a novel Temporal Sequence Object-based Convolutional Neural Network(TS-OCNN) was proposed to classify agricultural crop type from FSR image time-series. An object-based CNN(OCNN) model was adopted in the TS-OCNN to classify images at the object level(i.e., segmented objects or crop parcels), thus, maintaining the precise boundary information of crop parcels. The combination of image time-series was first utilized as the input to the OCNN model to produce an ‘original’ or baseline classification. Then the single-date images were fed automatically into the deep learning model scene-by-scene in order of image acquisition date to increase successively the crop classification accuracy. By doing so, the joint information in the FSR multi-temporal observations and the unique individual information from the single-date images were exploited comprehensively for crop classification. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was investigated using multitemporal SAR and optical imagery, respectively, over two heterogeneous agricultural areas. The experimental results demonstrated that the newly proposed TS-OCNN approach consistently increased crop classification accuracy, and achieved the greatest accuracies(82.68% and 87.40%) in comparison with state-of-the-art benchmark methods, including the object-based CNN(OCNN)(81.63% and85.88%), object-based image analysis(OBIA)(78.21% and 84.83%), and standard pixel-wise

关键词： Convolutional neural network multi-temporal imagery Object-based image analysis(OBIA) Crop classification Fine spatial resolution imagery

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Seasonality of PSII thermostability and water use e ffi ciency of in situ mountainous Norway spruce(Picea abies)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 197-208页

作者： peter Petrik Anja Petek-Petrik Alena Konopkova peter Fleischer Srdjan Stojnic Ina Zavadilova Daniel Kurjak Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic Department of Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany CASBrnoCzech Republic Faculty of Forestry Technical University of ZvolenZvolenSlovakia Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesZvolenSlovakia Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment University of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia

The stability of monocultural,even-aged spruce forests at lower altitudes in Central Europe is seriously threatened by the prospects of global climate *** thermostability and water use efficiency of their photo synthetic apparatus might play a vital role in their successful *** this study,photo systemⅡ(PSⅡ)performance(OJIP transient,rapid light curves)and thermostability were analyzed in Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)throughout the growing season of the exceptionally warm year 2018(may-September)in the Western Carpathians,*** measurements were accompanied by analysis of pigment concentrations in the *** addition,gas-exchange temperature curves were produced weekly from June until September to obtain intrinsic water use *** the beginning of the growing season,needles exposed to heat stress showed significantly higher basal fluorescence and lower quantum yield,performance index,critical temperature thresholds of PSII inactivation and nonphotochemical yield in comparison to other *** overall thermostability(heat-resistance)of PSII peaked in July and August,reflected in the lowest basal fluorescence and the highest quantum yield of PSII,critical temperature thresholds and yield of non-photochemical quenching under heat ***,the ratio between chlorophyll and carotenoids was the highest in August and had a positive impact on PSII ***,the high-temperature intrinsic water use efficiency was significantly higher during July and August than in *** show that15-year-old trees of Picea abies at 840 m *** acclimative seasonal responses of PSII thermostability and intrinsic water use efficiency during an exceptionally warm *** results suggest that mountainous *** at lower altitudes can acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to higher temperatures during summer.

关键词： Heat stress Photosynthesis Non-photochemical quenching Pigments Intrinsic water use efficiency

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Influence of mBBR carrier geometrical properties and biofilm thickness restraint on biofilm properties,effluent particle size distribution,settling velocity distribution,and settling behaviour

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 138-149页

作者： Raheleh Arabgol peter A.Vanrolleghem Robert Delatolla Department of Civil Engineering University of Ottawa161 Louis PasteurK1N 6N5 ONCanada modelEAU Département de génie civil et de génie des eauxUniversitéLaval1065 av.de la MédecineQuébecCanada

The relatively poor settling characteristics of particles produced in moving bed biofilm reactor(mBBR)outline the importance of developing a fundamental understanding of the characterization and settleability of mBBR-produced *** influence of carrier geometric properties and different levels of biofilm thickness on biofilm characteristics,solids production,particle size distribution(PSD),and particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD)is evaluated in this *** analytical Vi CAs method is applied to the mBBR effluent to assess the distribution of particle settling *** method is combined with microscopy imaging to relate particle size distribution to settling *** conventionally loaded mBBR systems are studied at a similar loading rate of 6.0 g/(m^(2)·day)and with different carrier *** AnoxK^(Tm)K5 carrier,a commonly used carrier,is compared to so-called thickness-restraint carriers,AnoxK^(Tm)Z-carriers that are newly designed carriers to limit the biofilm ***,two levels of biofilm thickness,200μm and 400μm,are studied using AnoxK^(Tm)Z-200 and Z-400 *** analysis confirms that K5 carriers demonstrated a significantly different biofilm mass,thickness,and density,in addition to distinct trends in PSD and PSVD in comparison with ***,in comparison of thickness-restraint carriers,Z-200 carrier results did not vary significantly compared to the Z-400 *** K5 carriers showed the lowest production of suspended solids(0.7±0.3 gTSS/day),thickest biofilm(281.1±8.7μm)and lowest biofilm density(65.0±1.5 kg/m^(3)).The K5 effluent solids also showed enhanced settling behaviour,consisting of larger particles with faster settling velocities.

关键词： mBBR Particle size distribution(PSD) Particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD) Settling behaviour ViCAs z-carriers

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Novel LaFe_(2)O_(4)spinel structure with a large oxygen reduction response towards protonic ceramic fuel cell cathode

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第3期41卷 413-421,I0004页

作者： Jinping Wang Yuzheng Lu Naveed mushtaq m.A.K Yousaf Shah Sajid Rauf peter D.Lund muhammad Imran Asghar School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing 211167China School of Electronic Engineering Nanjing Xiao Zhuang UniversityNanjing 211171China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Science and Technology/Energy Storage Joint Research Center School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000China New Energy Technologies Group Department of Applied PhysicsAalto University School of ScienceP.O.Box.15100FI00076AaltoEspooFinland Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical materials Faculty of Physics and Electronic ScienceHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China

Highly active and stable electrocatalysts are mandatory for developing high-performance and longlasting fuel *** current study demonstrates a high oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalytic activity of a novel spinel-structured LaFe_(2)O_(4)via a self-doping *** LaFe_(2)O_(4)demonstrates excellent ORR activity in a protonic ceramic fuel cell(PCFC)at temperature range of 350-500℃.The high ORR activity of LaFe_(2)O_(4)is mainly attributed to the facile release of oxide and proton ions,and improved synergistic incorporation abilities associated with interplay of multivalent Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)and La^(3+)*** LaFe_(2)O_(4)as cathode over proton conducting BaZr_(0.4)Ce_(0.4)Y_(0.2)O_(3)(BZCY)electrolyte,the fuel cell has delivered a high-power density of 806 mW/cm^(2)operating at 500℃.Different spectroscopic and calculations methods such as UV-visible,Raman,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory(DFT)calculations were performed to screen the potential application of LaFe_(2)O_(4)as *** study would help in developing functional cobalt-free ORR electrocatalysts for low temperature-PCFCs(LT-PCFCs)and solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)applications.

关键词： LaFe_(2)O_(4)cathode Facile Fe^(3+/2+)ions resale Oxygen reductionreaction(ORR) Excellent electrocatalyst Protonic ceramicfuel cell(PCFC) Rare earths

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