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Coconut Fiber Pyrolysis: Bio-Oil Characterization for Potential Application as an Alternative Energy Source and Production of Bio-Degradable Plastics

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第2期12卷 310-319页

作者： Patrick Ssemujju Lubowa Hiram Ndiritu peter Oketch James mutua Department of mechanical and mechatronics Engineering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovations Nairobi Kenya Department of mechanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The current energy crisis could be alleviated by enhancing energy generation using the abundant biomass waste resources. Agricultural and forest wastes are the leading organic waste streams that can be transformed into useful alternative energy resources. Pyrolysis is one of the technologies for converting biomass into more valuable products, such as bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. This work investigated the production of bio-oil through batch pyrolysis technology. A fixed bed pyrolyzer was designed and fabricated for bio-oil production. The major components of the system include a fixed bed reactor, a condenser, and a bio-oil collector. The reactor was heated using a cylindrical biomass external heater. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor at a pressure of 1atm and a varying operating temperature of 150˚C, 250˚C, 350˚C to 450˚C for 120 minutes. The mass of 1kg of coconut fiber was used with particle sizes between 2.36 mm - 4.75 mm. The results show that the higher the temperature, the more volume of bio-oil produced, with the highest yield being 39.2%, at 450˚C with a heating rate of 10˚C/min. The Fourier transformation Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis was used to analyze the bio-oil components. The obtained bio-oil has a pH of 2.4, a density of 1019.385 kg/m3, and a calorific value of 17.5 mJ/kg. The analysis also showed the presence of high-oxygenated compounds;carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, and branched oxygenated hydrocarbons as the main compounds present in the bio-oil. The results inferred that the liquid product could be bestowed as an alternative resource for polycarbonate material production.

关键词： Batch Pyrolysis Technology Coconut Fiber Bio-Oil Fourier Transformation Infrared Analysis

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Growth, Development and Yield of Kenaf as Affected by Planting Dates and N Fertilization

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 707-720页

作者： Julius Yirzagla peter Quandahor Iddrisu Yahaya Olivia Aguriboba Akanbelum Listowell Aditwin Akologo John Bokaligidi Lambon Abdul-Wahab m. Imoro Kwadwo Gyasi Santo CSIR-SARI Nyankpala Ghana St Vincent College of Education Yendi Ghana Gbewaah College of Education Pusiga-Bawku Ghana CSIR-Head Office Accra Ghana C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L) consists of various beneficial components like stalks, seeds, leaves, fibers, oils, proteins, allelopathic chemicals, and fiber strands, among other things. Despite the numerous uses of the crop, there is little or no information on optimum agronomic practices such as planting date and N fertilization of the crop in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana where the crop is widely cultivated by smallholder farmers. Field experiments were therefore carried out in 2020 and repeated during the 2021 cropping season in the study area. The objective of the study was to determine appropriate planting date and N fertilization for increased kenaf productivity. In each year, the treatments consisted of 3 × 5 factorial combinations of three planting dates (1st July, 7th July and 14th July) and five levels of N (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg/ha) replicated three times. The design of the experiment was a split-plot with the N fertilizer as the main plot and the planting date assigned to sub plot. The results showed that, planting kenaf in early (1st) July or N fertilization at the rate of 60 kg/ha increased plant density, stem height, stem diameter, dry bast and core yields in both cropping seasons.

关键词： Growth Fibres Bast Yield Core Yield

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可信联邦学习进化优化算法综述

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 23-42页

作者： Qiqi Liu Yuping Yan Yaochu Jin Xilu Wang peter Ligeti Guo Yu Xueming Yan School of Engineering Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310030China Faculty of Informatics Department of Computer AlgebraEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapest 1053Hungary Faculty of Technology Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld 33619Germany Institute of Intelligent manufacturing Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China School of Information Science and Technology Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510006China

With the development of edge devices and cloud computing,the question of how to accomplish machine learning and optimization tasks in a privacy-preserving and secure way has attracted increased attention over the past *** a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning method,federated learning(FL)has become popular in the last few ***,the data privacy issue also occurs when solving optimization problems,which has received little attention so *** survey paper is concerned with privacy-preserving optimization,with a focus on privacy-preserving data-driven evolutionary *** aims to provide a roadmap from secure privacy-preserving learning to secure privacy-preserving optimization by summarizing security mechanisms and privacy-preserving approaches that can be employed in machine learning and *** provide a formal definition of security and privacy in learning,followed by a comprehensive review of FL schemes and cryptographic privacy-preserving ***,we present ideas on the emerging area of privacy-preserving optimization,ranging from privacy-preserving distributed optimization to privacy-preserving evolutionary optimization and privacy-preserving Bayesian optimization(BO).We further provide a thorough security analysis of BO and evolutionary optimization methods from the perspective of inferring attacks and active *** the basis of the above,an in-depth discussion is given to analyze what FL and distributed optimization strategies can be used for the design of federated optimization and what additional requirements are needed for achieving these ***,we conclude the survey by outlining open questions and remaining challenges in federated data-driven *** hope this survey can provide insights into the relationship between FL and federated optimization and will promote research interest in secure federated optimization.

关键词： Federated learning Privacy-preservation Security Evolutionary optimization Data-driven optimization Bayesian optimization

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Effect of Water Application Rate on Growth Parameters of Farro 44 Rice Grown in a Selected Irrigation Scheme in Niger State, Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 533-547页

作者： Ebierni Akpoebidimiyen Otuaro John Jiya musa Abayomi Ibrahim Kuti peter Obasa Sunday Enebojojo Daniel Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Maritime University Okerenkoko Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Federal University of Technology Minna Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology Kogi State Polytechnic Lokoja Nigeria

Water and land are the necessary agricultural inputs, and both are scarce these days. This study aims to determine the effect of water application rate on selected planting and crop parameters of Farro 44 rice during dry season farming and its growth response. The randomised complete block design was employed for the Farro 44 rice variety, with each plot size 4 m2 (2 m × 2 m) for ease of monitoring. A 0.3 m bound space separated each plot. The crop spacing was 0.2 m × 0.3 m, 0.3 m × 0.3 m, and 0.3 m × 0.4 m, respectively, for the row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance. The data collected were statistically analysed. The height of the faro 44 variety of rice ranged between 35.50 cm to 44.00 cm for plots with 2 tillers per hill, while that of 4 and 6 tillers per hill ranged between 35.50 cm to 41.40 cm and 35.50 cm to 39.30 cm, respectively. minimum damage of 2.32% was seen for plant hills of 2 tillers, while 9.21% and 11.89% were observed for tillers of 4 and 6, respectively. It was seen that plots with the highest spacing of 30 × 40 cm and tillers of 2 per hill were observed to perform better than those of the other plots within the experimental pots. Such plots had a maximum plant tiller of 37 when counted, with the height of the plants reaching 44 cm after 70 days of planting. In conclusion, farmers within the study area of the Kanko community in Niger State. Nigeria appears not to have any known knowledge of the soil they are cultivating and the water they use as a source of irrigation within the farming areas. It was further concluded that the rice crops would be produced maximally with minimal water application to the rice field.

关键词： Farro 44 Water Rice Irrigation Days

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Testing flexible polymer solar cells in near-space

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National Science Review 2023年第5期10卷 105-106页

作者： peter müller-Buschbaum Department of Physics TUM School of Natural Sciencesand Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum(MLZ)Technical University of Munich

Since the big success of the Vanguard1 mission,being the first solar-powered satellite,the use of solar cells in space developed very ***,conventional solar cell technologies for space are based on silicon and GaAs **... 详细信息

关键词： PEROVSKITE

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Volcanic Risk Perception and Coping Strategies from mounts Cameroon and Nyiragongo Eruptions, Central Africa: A Comparative Analysis

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 161-189页

作者： mabel N. Wantim Innocent Bradriyo Asong F. Zisuh Louis m. Balgawa mero Yannah Katcho Karume Nde-Fon peter Bih Amban Nchini L. Wayih Emmanuel V. Yenshu Samuel N. Ayonghe Unit of Disaster Risk management Department of Environmental Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG) Goma Democratic Republic of the Congo Institute of Geological and mining Research (IRGm) Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Social and management Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of mounts Cameroon (mC) and Nyiragongo (mN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate risk perception from four previous eruptions of mC, namely the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two previous eruptions of mN: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with major stakeholders in the cities of Buea and Goma at the flanks of mC and mN, respectively, in 2017, to develop the research objectives for the study. A non-random questionnaire survey was later conducted within 14 and 15 communities in Buea and Goma respectively, on the effects, perceived risks, and coping strategies for the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (male and female) were considered. The population at the flanks of both volcanoes cited scientific and indigenous factors to be responsible for eruptions from these volcanoes. At mC and mN, ≥45% of the sampled participants (with a higher female population) perceived that the sampled eruptions posed a very high risk to the population. In terms of the effects, the age group of 18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In terms of direct effect on persons, over 90% of participants at mC and mN attested that they were overcome by fear/panic. On measures to cope with any likely eruption, the following order was established at the flanks of both volcanoes: sensitization of population, use of religious (prayers) and of traditional/indigenous strategies. In terms of future coping strategies, while the males at mC maintained sensitization as the favourite option, 62% of the males at mN opted for traditional/indigenous strategies. The female population at both mC and mN showed a higher preference for religious strategies like prayers.

关键词： Risk Perception mount Cameroon mount Nyiragongo Indigenous Buea Goma

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On the experimental characterization of the fluid volume influence on the friction between rough surfaces

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Friction 2023年第7期11卷 1334-1348页

作者： Lukas STAHL michael mÜLLER Georg-peter OSTERmEYER Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweig 37106Germany

The load-bearing behaviour of lubricated contacts depends primarily on the normal force,the relative velocity,and the ***,with the aid of the Stribeck curve,it is usually well possible to characterize whether hydrodynamics,mixed friction,or boundary friction is more likely to be *** fact that the load regime can also depend on the fluid quantity is obvious,but has hardly been systematically investigated so *** for contacts with microscopic roughness,the defined application of a very small amount of fluid is a very challenging *** this paper,a very fundamental study shows how a pin-on-disc tribometer can be used to achieve the transition from dry friction via mixed friction to predominant hydrodynamics by the amount of supplied *** experiments are carried out on samples filed with different *** addition,the simultaneous influence of partial filling and normal force as well as relative velocity is also *** good reproducibility has been practically reached over the entire range of the *** the quantities for the coefficient of friction(COF),it was concluded that close to full filling,a reduction of the fluid quantity has a similar effect on the COF as the reduction of the *** property goes along with the common theory of starved lubricated *** behaviour was not observed to the same extent for the normal *** the vicinity of smaller fluid quantities,the COF increases very rapidly with further reduction in fluid quantity,far more disproportionately than that with reduction in *** a deeper understanding of this problem,various practical issues such as idling or the run-up process in bearings can also be studied in a more focused manner.

关键词： starved lubrication Stribeck curve pin-on-disc tribometer fluid supply experimental studies

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中深层地热能同轴套管换热器储能发电系统热力学性能分析

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西安交通大学学报 2024年第1期58卷 126-137页

作者：令兰宁姚尔人孙昊李瑞雄邹瀚森王焕然席光张孙孝西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院西安710049 长安大学建筑工程学院西安710061

针对地热能发电技术效率低、稳定性差的问题,提出一种兼具同轴套管取热技术和压缩空气储能技术特点的中深层地热能同轴套管换热器储能发电系统,通过建立系统的热力学模型,研究了典型工况下系统关键参数和热力学性能的演化规律,揭示了不... 详细信息

针对地热能发电技术效率低、稳定性差的问题,提出一种兼具同轴套管取热技术和压缩空气储能技术特点的中深层地热能同轴套管换热器储能发电系统,通过建立系统的热力学模型,研究了典型工况下系统关键参数和热力学性能的演化规律,揭示了不同运行特征下地热恢复与提取的动态机制。研究结果表明:储能发电系统的运行分为非稳定循环和稳定循环阶段,在非稳定循环阶段中,热提取量和膨胀机输出功随循环次数的增加而增加,而热补偿量和系统效率呈相反趋势变化;当热提取量、热补偿量和地热消耗量达到平衡时,储能发电系统从第8次循环进入稳定循环阶段,稳定循环中各参数不随循环次数改变,单次循环输出电量为47 956.7 kW·h,系统效率达到63.5%;通过提升压缩机压比和补热水流量可以提升地热恢复温度:当压缩机压比由6提升至7时,深度为1 300 m、半径为0.116 m处,岩土温度多提升4.3℃,当补热水流量由4.5 m^(3)/h提升至6 m^(3)/h,同一处岩土温度多提升6.4℃,该研究为提高地热能发电效率和稳定性提供了新方案。

关键词：地热发电稳定性地热恢复热力学性能

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嘌呤信号:中医药研究新靶点

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成都中医药大学学报 2024年第3期47卷 1-7页

作者：尹海燕 Patrizia Rubini peter Illes 唐勇成都中医药大学针灸推拿学院四川成都611137 嘌呤信号国际联合研究中心四川成都611137 莱比锡大学医学院德国莱比锡04107 成都中医药大学养生康复学院四川成都611137

嘌呤信号主要包括三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine Triphosphate,ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(Adenosine Diphosphate,ADP)、一磷酸腺苷(Adenosine monophosphate,AmP)和腺苷(Adenosine,ADO)4类物质、CD39和CD73两种酶以及19种嘌呤受体(P1、P2X、P2Y),与机... 详细信息

关键词：嘌呤信号中医药靶点

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A generic and extensible model for the martensite start temperature incorporating thermodynamic data mining and deep learning framework

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2022年第33期128卷 31-43页

作者： Chenchong Wang Kaiyu Zhu peter Hedström Yong Li Wei Xu State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Department of materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden

The martensite start temperature is a critical parameter for steels with metastable *** numerous models have been developed to predict the martensite start(ms)temperature,the complexity of the martensitic transformation greatly limits their performance and *** this work,we apply deep data mining of thermodynamic calculations and deep learning to develop a generic model for *** data mining was used to establish a hierarchical database with three levels of ***,a convolutional neural network model,which can accurately treat the hierarchical data structure,was used to obtain the final *** integrating thermodynamic calculations,traditional machine learning and deep learning modeling,the final predictor model shows excellent generalizability and extensibility,*** performance both within and beyond the composition range of the original *** effects of 15 alloying elements were considered successfully using the proposed *** work suggests that,with the help of deep data mining considering the physical mechanisms,deep learning methods can partially mitigate the challenge with limited data in materials science and provide a means for solving complex problems with small databases.

关键词： martensite transformation Data mining Deep learning Extensibility Small-sample problem

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