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Volcanic Risk Perception and Coping Strategies from mounts Cameroon and Nyiragongo Eruptions, Central Africa: A Comparative Analysis

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 161-189页

作者： mabel N. Wantim Innocent Bradriyo Asong F. Zisuh Louis m. Balgawa mero Yannah Katcho Karume Nde-Fon peter Bih Amban Nchini L. Wayih Emmanuel V. Yenshu Samuel N. Ayonghe Unit of Disaster Risk management Department of Environmental Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG) Goma Democratic Republic of the Congo Institute of Geological and mining Research (IRGm) Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Social and management Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Approximately 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in communities situated at the flanks of mounts Cameroon (mC) and Nyiragongo (mN) volcanoes in Central Africa. This study therefore sought to investigate risk perception from four previous eruptions of mC, namely the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two previous eruptions of mN: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with major stakeholders in the cities of Buea and Goma at the flanks of mC and mN, respectively, in 2017, to develop the research objectives for the study. A non-random questionnaire survey was later conducted within 14 and 15 communities in Buea and Goma respectively, on the effects, perceived risks, and coping strategies for the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (male and female) were considered. The population at the flanks of both volcanoes cited scientific and indigenous factors to be responsible for eruptions from these volcanoes. At mC and mN, ≥45% of the sampled participants (with a higher female population) perceived that the sampled eruptions posed a very high risk to the population. In terms of the effects, the age group of 18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In terms of direct effect on persons, over 90% of participants at mC and mN attested that they were overcome by fear/panic. On measures to cope with any likely eruption, the following order was established at the flanks of both volcanoes: sensitization of population, use of religious (prayers) and of traditional/indigenous strategies. In terms of future coping strategies, while the males at mC maintained sensitization as the favourite option, 62% of the males at mN opted for traditional/indigenous strategies. The female population at both mC and mN showed a higher preference for religious strategies like prayers.

关键词： Risk Perception mount Cameroon mount Nyiragongo Indigenous Buea Goma

A Transmission Electron microscopy Study of Plate martensite Formation in High-carbon Low Alloy Steels

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2013年第4期29卷 373-379页

作者： Albin Stormvinter peter Hedstrm Annika Borgenstam Department of materials Science and Engineering School of Industrial Engineering and ManagementKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44 StockholmSweden

The martensitic microstructures in two high-carbon low alloy steels have been investigated by classical and automated crystallographic analysis under a transmission electron microscope. It is found that the martensitic substructure changes from consisting mostly of transformation twins for 1.20 mass% carbon （C） steel to both transformation twins and planar defects on {101}m for 1.67 mass% C steel. In the 1.67 mass% C steel it is further found that small martensite units have a rather homogeneous substructure, while large martensite units are more inhomogeneous. In addition, the martensite units in both steels are frequently found to be of zigzag patterns and have distinct crystallographic relationships with neighboring martensite units, e.g. kink or wedge couplings. Based on the present findings the development of martensite in high-carbon low alloy steels is discussed and a schematic of the martensite formation is presented. moreover, whether the schematic view can be applied to plate martensite formation in general, is discussed.

关键词： Transmission electron microscopy High-carbon low alloy steel Plate martensite

On the experimental characterization of the fluid volume influence on the friction between rough surfaces

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Friction 2023年第7期11卷 1334-1348页

作者： Lukas STAHL michael mÜLLER Georg-peter OSTERmEYER Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweig 37106Germany

The load-bearing behaviour of lubricated contacts depends primarily on the normal force,the relative velocity,and the ***,with the aid of the Stribeck curve,it is usually well possible to characterize whether hydrodynamics,mixed friction,or boundary friction is more likely to be *** fact that the load regime can also depend on the fluid quantity is obvious,but has hardly been systematically investigated so *** for contacts with microscopic roughness,the defined application of a very small amount of fluid is a very challenging *** this paper,a very fundamental study shows how a pin-on-disc tribometer can be used to achieve the transition from dry friction via mixed friction to predominant hydrodynamics by the amount of supplied *** experiments are carried out on samples filed with different *** addition,the simultaneous influence of partial filling and normal force as well as relative velocity is also *** good reproducibility has been practically reached over the entire range of the *** the quantities for the coefficient of friction(COF),it was concluded that close to full filling,a reduction of the fluid quantity has a similar effect on the COF as the reduction of the *** property goes along with the common theory of starved lubricated *** behaviour was not observed to the same extent for the normal *** the vicinity of smaller fluid quantities,the COF increases very rapidly with further reduction in fluid quantity,far more disproportionately than that with reduction in *** a deeper understanding of this problem,various practical issues such as idling or the run-up process in bearings can also be studied in a more focused manner.

关键词： starved lubrication Stribeck curve pin-on-disc tribometer fluid supply experimental studies

Gamma-ray bursts and their links with supernovae and cosmology

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第8期12卷 1139-1161页

作者： peter mszros Neil Gehrels Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics Dept.of Astronomy&Astrophysics and Dept.of Physics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMD 20771USA

Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the Universe, whose origin and mechanism are the focus of intense interest. They appear connected to su- pernova remnants from massive stars or the merger of their remnants, and their bright- ness makes them temporarily detectable out to the largest distances yet explored in the universe. After pioneering breakthroughs from space and ground experiments, their study is entering a new phase with observations from the recently launched Fermi satellite, as well as the prospect of detections or limits from large neutrino and gravitational wave detectors. The interplay between such observations and theoretical models of gamma-ray bursts is reviewed, and cosmology. as well as their connections to supernovae

关键词： gamma-ray sources -- gamma-ray bursts -- cosmic rays -- neutrinos-- supernovae -- cosmology -- intergalactic medium

Drug treatment of functional dyspepsia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第17期12卷 2694-2700页

作者： Klaus mnkemüller peter malfertheiner Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Otto-von-Guericke Medical SchoolUniversity of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany

Symptomatic improvement of patients with functional dyspepsia after drug therapy is often incomplete and obtained in not more than 60% of patients. This is likely because functional dyspepsia is a heterogeneous disease. Although great advance has been achieved with the consensus definitions of the Rome I and II criteria, there are still some aspects about the definition of functional dyspepsia that require clarification. The Rome criteria explicitly recognise that epigastric pain or discomfort must be the predominant complaint in patients labelled as suffering from functional dyspepsia. However, this strict definition can create problems in the daily primary care clinical practice, where the patient with functional dyspepsia presents with multiple symptoms. Before starting drug therapy it is recommended to provide the patient with an explanation of the disease process and reassurance. A thorough physical examination and judicious use of laboratory data and endoscopy are also indicated. In general, the approach to treat patients with functional dyspepsia based on their main symptom is practical and effective. Generally, patients should be treated with acid suppressive therapy using proton-pump inhibitors if the predominant symptoms are epigastric pain or gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Although the role of Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） in functional dyspepsia continues to be a matter of debate, recent data indicate that there is modest but clear benefit of eradication of H pylori in patients with functional dyspepsia. In addition, H pylori is a gastric carcinogen and if found it should be eliminated. Although there are no specific diets for patients with FD, it may be helpful to guide the patients on healthy exercise and eating habits.

关键词： Functional dyspepsia Drug treatment Helicobacterpylori Predominant symptoms

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嘌呤信号:中医药研究新靶点

成都中医药大学学报 2024年第3期47卷 1-7页

作者：尹海燕 Patrizia Rubini peter Illes 唐勇成都中医药大学针灸推拿学院四川成都611137 嘌呤信号国际联合研究中心四川成都611137 莱比锡大学医学院德国莱比锡04107 成都中医药大学养生康复学院四川成都611137

嘌呤信号主要包括三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine Triphosphate,ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(Adenosine Diphosphate,ADP)、一磷酸腺苷(Adenosine monophosphate,AmP)和腺苷(Adenosine,ADO)4类物质、CD39和CD73两种酶以及19种嘌呤受体(P1、P2X、P2Y),与机... 详细信息

关键词：嘌呤信号中医药靶点

Projection on Segre varieties and determination of holomorphic mappings between real submanifolds Dedicated to Professor Sheng GONG on the occasion of his 75th birthday

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Science China mathematics 2006年第11期49卷 1611-1624页

作者： BAOUENDI m S EBENFELT peter ROTHSCHILD Linda P Department of mathematics University of California at San Diego La JollaCA 92093-0112USA

It is shown that a germ of a holomorphic mapping sending a real-analytic generic submanifold of finite type into another is determined by its projection on the Segre variety of the target manifold. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a germ of a mapping into the Segre variety of the target manifold to be the projection of a holomorphic mapping sending the source manifold into the target. An application to the biholomorphic equivalence problem is also given.

关键词： Segre variety, generic submanifold, Segre mappings, finite type, biholomorphic equivalence.

Semantic linking of complex properties,monitoring processes and facilities in web-based representations of the environment

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第3期9卷 300-324页

作者： Adam m.Leadbetter peter N.Vodden marine Institute Co.GalwayIreland Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK

Where a virtual representation of the Earth must contain data values observed within the physical Earth system,data models are required that allow the integration of data across the silos of various Earth and environmental sciences *** a mapping between the well-defined terminologies of these silos is a stubborn *** paper presents a generalised ontology for use within Web 3.0 services,which builds on European Commission spatial data infrastructure *** presented ontology acknowledges that there are many complexities to the description of environmental properties which can be observed within the physical Earth *** ontology is shown to be flexible and robust enough to describe concepts drawn from a range of Earth science disciplines,including ecology,geochemistry,hydrology and *** paper also demonstrates the alignment and compatibility of the ontology with existing systems and shows applications in which the ontology may be deployed.

关键词： observable properties monitoring properties environmental monitoring facilities semantic web geospatial data integration

The genetics and biology of KRAS in lung cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2013年第2期32卷 63-70页

作者： peter m.K.Westcott minh D.To Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Program University of California SanFrancisco Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California SanFrancisco Thoracic Oncology Program Department of SurgeryUniversity of California SanFrancisco

mutational activation of KRAS is a common oncogenic event in lung cancer and other epithelial cancer *** to develop therapies that counteract the oncogenic effects of mutant KRAS have been largely unsuccessful,and cancers driven by mutant KRAS remain among the most refractory to available *** undertaken over the past decades have produced a wealth of information regarding the clinical relevance of KRAS mutations in lung *** Kras-driven mouse models of cancer,together with cellular and molecular studies,have provided a deeper appreciation for the complex functions of KRAS in ***,a much more thorough understanding of these complexities is needed before clinically effective therapies targeting mutant KRAS-driven cancers can be achieved.

关键词： RAS基因肺癌生物学遗传学基因突变致癌作用临床意义小鼠模型