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A tool for estimating antiretroviral medication coverage for HIV-infected women during pregnancy(PMTCT-ACT)

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Global Health Research and Policy 2019年第1期4卷 87-94页

作者： Bruce A.larson Nafisa Halim Isaac Tsikhutsu Margaret Bii peter Coakley peter C.Rockers Department of Global Health Boston University School of Public Health801 Massachusetts AvenueBostonMA 02118USA Kenya Medical Research Institute U.S.Army Medical Research DirectorateAfricaKenya U.S.Military HIV Research Program Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMDUSA Henry Jackson Foundation MRI KerichoKenya

Background:In the typical prevention of mother to child transmission(PMTCT)of HIV cascade of care discussion or analysis,the period of analysis begins at the first visit for antenatal care(ANC)for that *** starting point is problematic for two reasons:(1)a large number of HIV-infected women are already on life-long antiretroviral therapy(ART)when presenting for ANC;and(2)women present to ANC at different gestational *** PMTCT ART Coverage Tool(PMTCT-ACT),which estimates the proportion of days covered(PDC)with ART,was developed to address each of these ***:PDC is a preferred method to measure adherence to chronic medications,such as *** evaluating the PMTCT cascade of care,as indicated by PDC with ART over various time periods,a“starting point”based on a specific day before delivery must be defined that applies to all women(treatment experienced or naïve at the first ANC visit at any gestational age).Using the example of 168 days prior to delivery(24 weeks),PMTCT-ACT measures PDC with ART during that ***-ACT is provided as a STATA *** an example dataset for two women(ID1 is treatment experienced;ID2 is treatment naïve),the details of each major portion of the tool(Parts 1-5)are ***-ACT along with the intermediate datasets created during the analysis are provided as supplemental ***:Evaluating the PMTCT cascade of care requires a standard definition of the follow-up period during pregnancy that applies to all HIV-infected pregnant women and a standard measure of ***-ACT is a new tool that fits this ***-ACT can also be easily adjusted to evaluate other ante-and post-natal periods(e.g.,final 4 weeks,final 8 weeks,complete pregnancy period,initial 24 weeks postpartum,time periods consistent with infant HIV testing guidelines).

关键词： HIV Pregnancy Prevention of mother-to-child transmission Cascade of care Pill count Coverage Proportion of days covered

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想进常春藤?花钱就行

商业周刊（中文版） 2019年第6期 30-31页

作者： peter Coy Erik larson Janelie Lawrence Patricia Hurtado 永年(译) 不详

互联网上有一个播放次数很多的视频,讲的是两只卷尾猴对于完成任务所得奖励的反应。其中一只得到了一些没什么味道的黄瓜,而另一个笼子里的卷尾猴完成相同任务后得到了葡萄。受委屈的那只猴子愤怒而厌恶地将黄瓜扔回给实验者,然后穿过... 详细信息

互联网上有一个播放次数很多的视频,讲的是两只卷尾猴对于完成任务所得奖励的反应。其中一只得到了一些没什么味道的黄瓜,而另一个笼子里的卷尾猴完成相同任务后得到了葡萄。受委屈的那只猴子愤怒而厌恶地将黄瓜扔回给实验者,然后穿过一个洞,用两个拳头猛击柜台和笼子的透明塑料墙。它的意思不言而喻:“女士,给我一颗葡萄,赶紧的。”

关键词：花钱透明塑料互联网黄瓜葡萄

Prospective evaluation of ^(18)F-FDG positron emission tomography in the preoperative staging of patients with hepatic colorectal metastases

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 539-554页

作者： Tim Akhurst Mithat Gönen Raymond E.Baser Lawrence H.Schwartz Scott Tuorto Lynn A.Brody Anne Covey Karen T.Brown Steven M.larson Yuman Fong Department of Radiology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA peter MacCallum Cancer Centre VictoriaAustralia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Background:Despite considerable advances in preoperative imaging,up to one-third of patients operatively explored for hepatic colorectal metastases are unexpectedly found to harbor unresectable intrahepatic or extrahepatic ***:The current study is a prospective,blinded study comparing utility of[18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography(18F-FDG-PET)to computed tomography(CT)and CT arterial portography(CTAP)as preoperative ***:The 125 planned subjects were *** seen on FDG-PET alone changed therapy for 23 of 125 patients(18%).FDG-PET confirmed other radiologic findings in 16 cases(13%),for an overall influence on therapy in 39 cases(31%).FDG-PET was the most sensitive diagnostic imaging test for extrahepatic cancer;it was 80-90%sensitive for extrahepatic cancer and 70-90%*** the 28 cases of unresectable disease due to extrahepatic disease,FDG-PET findings solely changed therapies in 16 cases(57%)and influenced therapy in seven other cases(25%).Of the 21 unresectable cases due to extent of intrahepatic disease,FDG-PET did not solely change therapy in ***,FDG-PET had the lowest sensitivity for hepatic sites compared with CT or *** particular,small(<1 cm)liver tumors were particularly poorly detected by *** area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for small tumors was 0.58 and for patients on chemotherapy it was 0.66,a modest improvement over no ***:FDG-PET is an important test for preoperative staging of patients with hepatic colorectal metastases,affecting treatment decisions in nearly one-third of *** high yield is due mainly to detection of extrahepatic *** is therefore recommended in patients with extrahepatic lesions suspected to be disseminated cancer or those with high risk for extrahepatic *** is not a good test for identification of small tumors in the liver.

关键词： Positron emission tomography(PET) computed tomography(CT) colorectal hepatic metastases surgery

Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura M.Jensen Raluca G.Mateescu peter J.Hansen Department of Animal Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, more than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consumed by the female that produced the calf. Development of genomic tools to identify females with high genetic merit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genome-wide association studies(GWAS) were performed using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcome traits from a population of Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers. Furthermore, a validation GWAS was performed using data from another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of timed artificial insemination(AI) followed by natural mating for 3 months. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcome to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estimated as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI model, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 Mb on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS model, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonymous with the QTL for PAI, with minor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers bred by natural mating. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In summary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcomes in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirmation of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

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来源于深地幔的超热柱

地球物理学进展 1992年第2期7卷 89-90页

作者： peter Olson 魏东平

地幔对流的一个新的、引人注目的解释来源于对大规模火山喷发的记录,这些火山喷发间断性地贯穿于整个地球历史.最近的火山喷发大约在125百万年前开始突然喷发,然后一直持续了60百万年之久,跨越白垩纪的大部.根据最近完成的研究.在喷发... 详细信息

地幔对流的一个新的、引人注目的解释来源于对大规模火山喷发的记录,这些火山喷发间断性地贯穿于整个地球历史.最近的火山喷发大约在125百万年前开始突然喷发,然后一直持续了60百万年之久,跨越白垩纪的大部.根据最近完成的研究.在喷发的最初阶断.海洋地壳的产生速率大约是现在的两倍(larson.1991).

关键词：热柱印度洋板块火山喷发火山活动地球历史现代火山地球深部产生速率暗色岩地球动力学

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肛裂临床诊治指南（第三次修订）

中华胃肠外科杂志 2013年第7期16卷 689-690页

作者： Farshid Araghizadeh ~ Robin Boushey Sridhar Chalasani George Chang Robert Cima Gary Dunn Daniel Feingold Philip Fleshner Daniel Geisler Jill Genua Sharon Gregorcyk Daniel Herzig Andreas Kaiser Ravin Kumar David larson Steven Mills John Monson P. Terry Phang Feza Remzi David Rivadeneira Howard Ross peter Senatore Elin Sigurdson Thomas Stahl Scott Steele Scott Strong Charles Tement Judith Trudel Madhulika Varnna Martin Weiser 丁义江(译) 皇甫少华(译) 丁曙晴(译) 美国结直肠外科医师协会不详

“美国结直肠外科医师协会（American Societyof ColonandRectal ***）”（协会）致力于推进结直肠和肛门疾病的相关理论以及预防和诊疗水平的提高，给患者提供优质的医疗服务。“标准委员会”由协会中在结直肠外科方面有显著专长的成... 详细信息

“美国结直肠外科医师协会（American Societyof ColonandRectal ***）”（协会）致力于推进结直肠和肛门疾病的相关理论以及预防和诊疗水平的提高，给患者提供优质的医疗服务。“标准委员会”由协会中在结直肠外科方面有显著专长的成员组成。该委员会的建立是为了引领国际结直肠和肛门疾病诊治的发展，以建立具有循证医学证据的临床诊疗指南。指南是涵盖性的，非指令性的，目的是为临床决策提供信息，而非具体的治疗方法。指南适用于所有相关的医护人员以及希望得到相应指南中疾病的相关诊治信息的患者。

关键词：诊治指南临床决策结直肠外科修订肛裂医师协会肛门疾病循证医学证据

更加全面地认识城镇化、城镇地区和碳循环的关系

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城市与区域规划研究 2017年第3期9卷 245-264页

作者：帕特里夏·罗梅罗-兰考凯文·格尼凯伦·濑户米哈伊尔·切斯特赖利·杜伦萨拉·休斯露西·赫蒂拉彼得·马科图利奥拉里·贝克南希·格里姆克里斯·肯尼迪伊丽莎白·拉森斯蒂芬妮·平塞特丹·伦福洛兰迪·桑切斯吉娅米·斯雷斯塔安德烈亚·萨兹姆斯基乔舒亚·斯佩林埃莉诺·斯托克斯高雪梅徐瑾顾朝林美国都市未来和大气研究中心亚利桑那州立大学生命科学学院/全球持续力学院耶鲁大学森林与环境研究学院亚利桑那州立大学土木、环境和可持续工程学院美国国家航空航天局喷气推进实验室多伦多环境保护局/多伦多大学波士顿大学地球和环境系纽约城市大学亨特学院地理系明尼苏达大学生物产品和生物系统工程系多伦多大学土木工程系美国科学促进会/美国国家航空航天局加利福尼亚大学环境与可持续发展学院美国大气研究中心/乔治·华盛顿公共政策研究所墨西哥城市与环境学院人口研究中心美国碳循环科学项目办公室德拉华大学公共政策和管理学院清华大学建筑学院

对城镇化、城镇地区和碳循环相关的独立研究，加深了我们对能源和土地使用影响碳循环这一过程的认识。文章将多样化观点综合在一起，作为全面理解城镇化过程、城镇地区及其与碳循环关系的第一步。文章建议，对于不同的城镇化过程、机理... 详细信息

对城镇化、城镇地区和碳循环相关的独立研究，加深了我们对能源和土地使用影响碳循环这一过程的认识。文章将多样化观点综合在一起，作为全面理解城镇化过程、城镇地区及其与碳循环关系的第一步。文章建议，对于不同的城镇化过程、机理和要素，不同的时间、不同的城市乃至跨城市的碳排放时空模式问题，需要在现有研究方法的基础上，应用补充和整合的新型跨学科研究法进行研究。文章呼吁对城镇化和不同位置城市碳影响的研究需要采用更加整体性的方法，其中既包括收入，也包括城市发展路径的其他相互联系的特性，如城市形态、经济功能和制度或治理安排。文章进一步指出城镇化机理和城镇化过程都存在广泛的不确定性，而且两者都与城市社会制度和建成环境系统存在相互关系，它们三者对碳循环均有影响，并且相关碳排量的控制又会对城镇化产生影响。最后，文章还研究了低碳城市转型发展的路径、障碍和局限，建议发展终端到终端、合作、综合的科学意识，从而提高城市转型效率，同时规避转型过程中的障碍。

关键词：城镇化城镇地区碳循环