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New Approaches to the Prognosis and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Fuzzy Expert Systems

Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第5期12卷 151-169页

作者： Elias Ayinbila Apasiya Abdul-Mumin Salifu peter Awon-Natemi Agbedemnab Department of Computer Science School of Computing and Information Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating effective early detection and prognosis to enhance patient outcomes. Current diagnostic methods, including mammography and MRI, suffer from limitations such as uncertainty and imprecise data, leading to late-stage diagnoses. To address this, various expert systems have been developed, but many rely on type-1 fuzzy logic and lack.mobile-based applications for data collection and feedback.to healthcare practitioners. This research investigates the development of an Enhanced Mobile-based Fuzzy Expert system (EMFES) for breast cancer pre-growth prognosis. The study explores the use of type-2 fuzzy logic to enhance accuracy and model uncertainty effectively. Additionally, it evaluates the advantages of employing the python programming language over java for implementation and considers specific risk.factors for data collection. The research aims to dynamically generate fuzzy rules, adapting to evolving breast cancer research and patient data. k.y research questions focus on the comparative effectiveness of type-2 fuzzy logic, the handling of uncertainty and imprecise data, the integration of mobile-based features, the choice of programming language, and the creation of dynamic fuzzy rules. Furthermore, the study examines the differences between the Mamdani Inference System and the Sugeno Fuzzy Inference method and explores challenges and opportunities in deploying the EMFES on mobile devices. The research identifies a critical gap in existing breast cancer diagnostic systems, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive, mobile-enabled, and adaptable solution by developing an EMFES that leverages Type-2 fuzzy logic, the Sugeno Inference Algorithm, Python Programming, and dynamic fuzzy rule generation. This study seek. to enhance early breast cancer detection and ultimately reduce breast cancer-related mortality.

关键词： EMFES Breast Cancer Type-2 Fl Soft Computing Membership Functions Fuzzy Set Fuzzy Rules Risk.Factors.

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Advancing Malaria Prediction in Uganda through AI and Geospatial Analysis Models

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第2期16卷 115-135页

作者： Maria Assumpta k.mugabe Richard Caballero Itamar Shabtai simon peter Musinguzi Center for Information Systems & Technology Claremont Graduate University Claremont California USA Department of Information Technology Faculty of Business and ICT University of Kisubi Entebbe Uganda Faculty of Health Sciences University of Kisubi Entebbe Uganda Department of Agriculture Production Faculty of Agriculture Kyambogo University Kyambogo Uganda Department of Agriculture and Natural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Uganda Martyrs University Kampala Uganda

The resurgence of locally acquired malaria cases in the USA and the persistent global challenge of malaria transmission highlight the urgent need for research to prevent this disease. Despite significant eradication efforts, malaria remains a serious threat, particularly in regions lik. Africa. This study explores how integrating Gregor’s Type IV theory with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) improves our understanding of disease dynamics, especially Malaria transmission patterns in Uganda. By combining data-driven algorithms, artificial intelligence, and geospatial analysis, the research aims to determine the most reliable predictors of Malaria incident rates and assess the impact of different factors on transmission. Using diverse predictive modeling techniques including Linear Regression, k.Nearest Neighbor, Neural Network. and Random Forest, the study found that;Random Forest model outperformed the others, demonstrating superior predictive accuracy with an R2 of approximately 0.88 and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0534, Antimalarial treatment was identified as the most influential factor, with mosquito net access associated with a significant reduction in incident rates, while higher temperatures correlated with increased rates. Our study concluded that the Random Forest model was effective in predicting malaria incident rates in Uganda and highlighted the significance of climate factors and preventive measures such as mosquito nets and antimalarial drugs. We recommended that districts with malaria hotspots lack.ng Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) coverage prioritize its implementation to mitigate incident rates, while those with high malaria rates in 2020 require immediate attention. By advocating for the use of appropriate predictive models, our research emphasized the importance of evidence-based decision-mak.ng in malaria control strategies, aiming to reduce transmission rates and save lives.

关键词： Malaria Predictive Modeling Geospatial Analysis Climate Factors Preventive Measures

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Differential optical gain in a GaInN/AlGaN quantum dot

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第6期38卷 1-7页

作者： k.Jaya Bala A.John peter Department of Physics GTN Arts College Dindigul-624 005 India PG & Research Department of Physics Government Arts College Melur-625 106 Madurai India

Electronic and optical properties are obtained with the increase in indium alloy content（x）in a Ga1-xInxN/Al0.2Ga0.8N quantum *** barrier height with the different In alloy contents is applied to acquire the confinement *** results are obtained tak.ng into consideration geometrical confinement *** optical absorption coefficient with the photon energy is observed in a Ga（1-x）InxN/Al0.2Ga0.8N quantum *** optical output with the injection current density and the threshold optical pump intensity for various In alloy contents are *** differential gain as functions of indium alloy content,charge density and the dot radii in the Ga1-xInxN/Al0.2Ga0.8N quantum dot are *** exciton binding energy is calculated in order to obtain the exciton density,the optical gain and the threshold current density in the Ga1-xInxN/Al0.2Ga0.8N quantum *** results show that the red shift energy with an increase in In alloy content is found and the differential gain increases with the charge carrier density.

关键词： semiconductors quantum dots nitrides optical materials

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Fast numerical generation and hybrid encryption of a computer-generated Fresnel holographic video sequence

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Chinese Optics Letters 2013年第2期11卷 27-31页

作者： peter Tsang k.W.-k. Cheung T.-C. Poon Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloon Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechUSA Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Research demonstrates that a Fresnel hologram can be generated and simultaneously encrypted numerically based on a secret symmetric k.y formed by the maximal length sequence （M-sequence）. The method can be directly extended to encrypt a video holographic clip in a frame-by-frame manner. However, given the limited combination of signals in the family of M-sequence, hack.ng the secret k.y through trial and error can be time consuming but not difficult. In this letter, we propose a method that is difficult to crack.with brute force for enerypting a holographic video sequence. An M-sequence is first randomly assigned to enerypt each frame of the holographic video signal. Subsequently, the index of the selected M-sequence, which is necessary to decrypt the hologram~ is encrypted with the RSA algorithm before transmitting to the receiving end. At the receiving end, the decoder is provided with a private k.y to recover the index for each frame, and the corresDonding M-se（mence is used to decrvDt the encoded hologram.

关键词： Access control Computer generated holography Cryptography Personal computing Video recording

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Stimulation Therapies and the Relevance of Fractal Dynamics to the Treatment of Diseases

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Open Journal of Regenerative Medicine 2014年第4期3卷 73-94页

作者： Weyland Cheng peter k. law Hon C. k.an Richard S. S. Cheng Department of Biomedical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Cell Therapy Institute Wuhan China Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada St. Joseph’s Health Centre University of Toronto Toronto Canada

This paper provides an overview of the conventional therapeutic stimulation methodologies and proposes a more effective stimulation approach based on a consideration of the inherently fractal nature of normal biological dynamics. There are varying forms of physiological stimulations including the use of electrical currents, electromagnetic fields, temperature change, ultrasound, light and so forth. These stimulation therapies can be categorized into three main modalities: electrical stimulation modalities, thermal modalities, and non-thermal modalities. Electrical stimulation modalities include therapeutic techniques where electrical current is directly applied to the body of treated subject. Direct application of electrical current to the brain also falls under this category. Thermal modalities consist of stimulations that induce temperature change on the body for therapeutic effects without the direct transfer of electrical current. Non-thermal modalities functions through energy transfer without directly applying electrical current and without the effects of temperature change. A fourth miscellaneous category for stimulation techniques consists of the stimulation effects of music along with physical stimulation as in massage therapy. Common to most of these therapeutic strategies is that the stimulation is delivered at certain fixed periods or frequencies. We introduce some rudiments of fractal dynamics, and the notions of self-similarity, scale-invariance, and long-range correlation or memory in the dynamics of a system. We present evidence that fractal dynamics is commonly observed in healthy physiological systems while unhealthy systems are shown to veer away from fractal dynamics towards periodic or random motion. This difference in dynamics can be observed in many biological signals such as in neural activity, heart rate variations, and breathing patterns. We propose that an optimal stimulation technique should thus be one that encourages an unhealthy, non-f

关键词： Fractal Stimulation Pattern Electrophysical Agents Stimulation Devices Electrotherapy

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Customized Biometric Architecture for Access Control in Stadiums based on Federated Identities

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China Communications 2007年第3期4卷 54-62页

作者： Christos k.Dimitriadis peter Stavroulak.s D.Polemi University of Piraeus 80 A.Dimitriou 18534 PiraeusGreece

This paper,resents a system called Athlos2,which implements strong access control for athletic events, enhancing the safety feeling of event spectators. Athlos2 integrates intelligent biometric access control systems and smart cards,under a protocol that complies ith the specification of the Liberty Alliance project for federated identities.A pilot version of Athlos2 was deployed and tested in terms of acceptability,information security and performance.

关键词： physical access control security biometrics ahletic events

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Endoscopic innovations to increase the adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第9期20卷 2200-2211页

作者： Vincent k.Dik.Leon MG Moons peter D Siersema Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Center Utrecht 3508 GA Utrecht the Netherlands

Up to a quarter of polyps and adenomas are missed during colonoscopy due to poor visualization behind folds and the inner curves of flexures, and the presence of flat lesions that are difficult to detect. These numbers may however be conservative because they mainly come from back.to-back.studies performed with standard colonoscopes, which are unable to visualize the entire mucosal surface. In the past several years, new endoscopic techniques have been introduced to improve the detection of polyps and adenomas. The introduction of high definition colonoscopes and visual image enhancement technologies have been suggested to lead to better recognition of flat and small lesions, but the absolute increase in diagnostic yield seems limited. Cap assisted colonoscopy and water-exchange colonoscopy are methods to facilitate cecal intubation and increase patients comfort, but show only a marginal or no benefit on polyp and adenoma detection. Retroflexion is routinely used in the rectum for the inspection of the dentate line, but withdrawal in retroflexion in the colon is in general not recommended due to the risk.of perforation. In contrast, colonoscopy with the Third-Eye Retroscope® may result in considerable lower miss rates compared to standard colonoscopy, but this technique is not practical in case of polypectomy and is more time consuming. The recently introduced Full Spectrum Endoscopy™ colonoscopes maintains the technical capabilities of standard colonoscopes and provides a much wider view of 330 degrees compared to the 170 degrees with standard colonoscopes. Remark.ble lower adenoma miss rates with this new technique were recently demonstrated in the first randomized study. Nonetheless, more studies are required to determine the exact additional diagnostic yield in clinical practice. Optimizing the efficacy of colorectal cancer screening and surveillance requires high definition colonoscopes with improved virtual chromoendoscopy technology

关键词： Colonoscopy Endoscopic innovations Adenoma detection Polyp detection Gastrointestinal endoscopy

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Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic mastocytosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第45期14卷 7005-7008页

作者： Jason k.Lee Scott J Whittak.r Robert A Enns peter Zetler Internal Medicine University of British Columbia St. Paul's Hospital Division of Gastroenterology University of British Columbia St. Paul's Hospital Division of Pathology University of British Columbia

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare disease with abnormal proliferation and infiltration of mast cells in the sk.n, bone marrow, and viscera including the mucosal surfaces of the digestive tract. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms occur in 14%-85% of patients with systemic mastocytosis. The GI symptoms may be as frequent as the better k.own pruritis, urticaria pigmentosa, and flushing. In fact most recent studies show that the GI symptoms are especially important clinically due to the severity and chronicity of the effects that they produce. GI symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. A case of predominantly GI systemic mastocytosis with unique endoscopic images and pathologic confirmation is herein presented, as well as a current review of the GI manifestations of this disease including endoscopic appearances. Issues such as treatment and prognosis will not be discussed for the purposes of this paper.

关键词： Systemic mastocytosis Idiopathic diarrhea Gastrointestinal manifestations

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Micro-recanalization in a biodegradable graft for reconstruction of the vas deferens is enhanced by sildenafil citrate

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第6期12卷 814-818页

作者： peter A. Holoch Surya k. Mallapragada Carlos A. Ariza Thomas S. Griffith Barry R. DeYoung Moshe Wald DePartment of Urology University of lowa lowa City 1A 52242 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Department of Pathology University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA

This study investigated the effect of sildenafil citrate on micro-recanalization and neovascularization, which were previously demonstrated in a rat model using biodegradable grafts （BGs） for vas deferens reconstruction. A total of 24 male rats underwent bilateral vasectomy with removal of a 0.5-cm vasal segment and were randomly assigned to four groups. Groups 1 and 2 underwent immediate vasovasostomy. Groups 3 and 4 underwent interposition of a 0.5-cm BG in the vasal gap. Groups 1 and 3 were given 5 mg k.-1 day-1 oral sildenafil. Other groups were given placebo. Rats were housed with females 12 week. postoperatively. Reconstructed vasal segments were harvested 16 week. postoperatively and analyzed histologically. Fluid from the distal vasal stump was analyzed for motile sperm. Urine samples obtained 16 week. postoperatively were analyzed for cGMP levels. cGMP levels in rats treated with sildenafil were signifcantly higher than in control rats. No pregnancies were sired by grafted groups. In all, 5/6 rats in group 1 and 3/6 rats in group 2 sired litters. No motile sperm were noted in the vasal fluid of the grafted groups. Motile sperm were noted in all rats in group 1 and in 5/6 rats in group 2. In addition, 29 and 4 microcanals were detected in the sildenafil and placebo groups, respectively （P = 0.023）. No microcanal exceeded 3 mm in length. An average of 12 and 28 blood vessels per graft were noted in the placebo and sildenafil groups, respectively （P 〈 0.0001）. In conclusion, sildenafil enhances micro-recanalization and neovascularization in BG used for vas deferens reconstruction, but does not increase the microcanal length after 16 week..

关键词： graft infertility male sildenafil citrate vas deferens vasectomy

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Tensile deformation behavior and mechanical properties of a bulk.cast Al0.9 CoFeNi2 eutectic high-entropy alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第2期61卷 119-124页

作者： Hui Jiang Dongxu Qiao Wenna Jiao k.iming Han Yiping Lu peter k.Liaw College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China k.y Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology(Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Stare k.y Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Department of Materials Science and Engineering the University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA

In this study,a new Al0.9CoFeNi2 eutectic high entropy alloy(EHEA) was designed,and the microstructures as well as the deformation behavior were *** bulk.cast Al0.9CoFeNi2 EHEA exhibited an order face-centered cubic FCC(L12) and an order body-centered cubic(B2) dual-phase lamellar eutectic *** volume fractions of FCC(L12) and B2 phases are measured to be 60 % and 40 %,*** combination of the soft and ductile FCC(L12) phase together with the hard B2 phase resulted in superior strength of 1005 MPa and ductility as high as 6.2 % in tension at room *** Al0.9CoFeNi2 EHEA exhibited obvious three-stage work.hardening characteristics and high work.ardening *** evolving dislocation substructure s during uniaxial tensile deformation found that planar slip dominates in both FCC(L12) and B2 phases,and the FCC(L12) phase is easier to deform than the B2 *** post-deformation transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sub-structural evolution of the FCC(L12) phase is from planar dislocations to bending dislocations,high-density dislocations,dislocation network.and then to dislocation walls,and Taylor lattices,while the sub-structural evolution of the B2 phase is from a very small number of short dislocations to a number of planar ***,obvious ductile fracture in the FCC(L12) phase and a brittle-lik. fracture in the B2 phase were observed on the fracture surface of the Al0.9CoFeNi2 *** re search results provide some insight into the microstructure-property relationship.

关键词： Eutectic high-entropy alloy Microstructure Mechanical properties Deformation behavior

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